Kuchokera ku Zizindikiro Za Kuchiza, apa pali zomwe muyenera kudziwa
Matenda a ubongo ndi chifukwa cha kukula kosalamulirika kwa maselo osadziwika mu ubongo. Zitha kukhudza ana ndi akulu, ndipo ngakhale kuti si zachilendo, khansara ya ubongo ndi mtundu wachiwiri wa khansara kwa ana pambuyo pa mliri wamatenda a khansa .
Matenda a ubongo angafotokozedwe ngati oopsa (khansa) kapena oopsa (osakhala khansa). Ziphuphu zoopsa zimakhala zowawa kwambiri kuposa mitundu yonyansa, koma zonsezi ndizoopsa kwambiri ndipo zingathe kupha.
Pali mitundu yoposa 140 ya ubongo wa ubongo yomwe ingapangidwe mu ubongo. Matenda a ubongo angatchulidwe monga oyambirira kapena masastatic, malingana ndi kumene amapezeka m'thupi.
Matenda oyambirira a ubongo amachokera mu ubongo ndipo safalikira kufalikira kunja kwake. Matenda a mthupi amayamba mbali ina ya thupi ndikufalitsidwa ku ubongo kudzera m'magazi a magazi kapena amaliseche. Mitundu ina ya khansa imatha kufalikira ku ubongo. Izi zimaphatikizapo khansa yamapapo , khansa ya m'mawere , khansa ya khansa , ndi khansa ya impso . Khansara ya m'mimba ndi yofala kwambiri pamimba kuti ikhale ndi ubongo . Pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali ndi khansa ya m'mapapo adzapitiriza kukula kwa ubongo. Matenda a mitsempha sakutchulidwa kuti khansara ya ubongo, koma amatchulidwa ngati chifuwa chachikulu m'mimba. Mwachitsanzo, khansara yamapapo yomwe yafalikira ku ubongo imatchedwa khansara ya ubongo, koma kansa ya kansa yamapapu ku ubongo.
Zimayambitsa
Sitikudziŵa chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a ubongo, koma kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti zingapo zingathandize pa chitukuko chawo. Zowopsa pa ziwalo za ubongo zimaphatikizapo:
- Kuwonetseredwa kwa ma radiation kuphatikizapo mankhwala ochizira
- Mbiri ya banja ya matenda enaake a chibadwa monga neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis , matenda a Von Hippel-Lindau , ndi matenda a Li-Fraumeni
- Kukhala ndi chitetezo cha mthupi (makamaka ndi masupatala a CNS ndi Edzi )
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za ubongo zimasiyana malinga ndi malo a chifuwa mkati mwa ubongo ndi kukula kwake. Kuwopsa kwa zizindikiro sikusonyezera momwe chifuwa chachikulu chirili ngati ziwalo zazing'ono zingayambitse zizindikiro zoopsa.
Mutu ndi chizindikiro chofala cha zotupa za ubongo koma nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chizindikiro china. Mutu umene umagwirizanitsa ndi zotupa za ubongo nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi makhalidwe omwe amawasiyanitsa ndi mutu umene umagwirizana ndi zovuta zochepa. Zizindikiro zina za ubongo zingaphatikizepo:
- Nausea ndi / kapena kusanza
- Kugonjetsa
- Kusokoneza maso ndi kumva
- Mavuto ndi kukumbukira
- Ndondomeko yochepetsera
- Kufooka kumbali imodzi ya thupi, kapena chikhalidwe chosadziwika
- Kutopa kapena kuwonjezereka kogona
- Kusintha kwa umunthu
Kuzindikira Khansa ya Ubongo
Ngati dokotala akudandaula kuti muli ndi chotupa cha ubongo, iye adzakutumizirani kuti mupeze chithunzithunzi cha magnetic resonance (MRI). Mayeso ojambulawa amapatsa madokotala malingaliro odabwitsa a ubongo wanu ndipo akhoza kukhala mayeso okha omwe akufunikira kuti adziŵe kukhalapo kwa chifuwa cha ubongo. Nthawi zina, tingagwiritse ntchito kanema wa CT. PET imawunikira, yomwe imathandiza madokotala kuwona ntchito ya ubongo, ingathandize kuthandizira khansa ya ubongo yoyamba koma ingakhale yopanda phindu pa matenda a metastatic.
Kenaka, ubongo wa ubongo ukhoza kulamulidwa kutsimikizira kuti pali vuto lililonse komanso mtundu wa ubongo wa ubongo. Ngati zotupa zilipo, monga momwe zilili pa MRI, ndi khansa yomwe muli nayo ndi mtundu wa khansara yomwe imadziwika kuti idzawonongeka, ndiye kuti chiwopsezo sichingakhale chofunikira. Komabe, ndi mitundu ya khansara yomwe sinafalikire ku ubongo, biopsy ndi chida chofunika kwambiri chozindikiritsa.
Zizindikiro za ubongo nthawi zambiri zimachitika ngati mbali ya opaleshoni kuchotsa chotupacho. Chitsanzo cha minofu chikhoza kufufuzidwa mu chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito, kuti dokotalayo apange chisankho choti apitirize kuchipatala kapena ayi. Kufufuza kwakukulu kwambiri kwa chithunzithunzi cha chotupacho kudzachitanso ndi katswiri wa matenda omwe angatenge masiku angapo kuti alandire zotsatira.
Nthawi zina, kutsekedwa kotsekedwa, komwe kumatchedwanso stereotactic biopsy, kumachitika pamene chotupacho chiri m'chigawo cha ubongo chomwe chili chovuta kuchifikira. Ndi mtundu wochepa kwambiri wosasintha koma umakhala ndi zoopsa. Nthaŵi zina amachitiranso katemera wam'mimba.
Njira Zopangira Opaleshoni ndi Zamankhwala
Gulu lanu lachipatala likhoza kukhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndi odwala matenda. Othandizira ambiri omwe akuthandizira monga aamwino oncology ndi ntchito zamasewera akuphatikizanso.
Mtundu, chiwerengero, ndi kalasi zidzasankha dongosolo la mankhwala. Mankhwala ochizira amatha kukhala ndi zotupa, pamene kuchepetsanso kukula kapena kuchotsa zizindikiro zoopsa kungakhale cholinga cha chithandizo kwa ena. Mwamwayi, pangakhalebe njira yothandizira yopaleshoni kwa ziwalo zina za ubongo.
Opaleshoni ikuyendera mu ubongo wa ubongo imaphatikizapo tumor resection (kuchotsa kwathunthu) kapena debulking (kuchotsa momwe tingathere). Nthawi zina, opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala njira yokhayo yothandizira, koma ena angafunike njira zina zothandizira monga chithandizo cha mankhwala. Opaleshoni yotsatira ndi mankhwala ochizira mazira ndi ofala kwambiri ndi ziphuphu zambiri.
Mankhwalawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito payekha kapena pakutsatiridwa kwa ziwalo zina za ubongo. Zotsatirapo zingakhale zovuta ndi kukumbukira kukumbukira komanso kukumbukira. Kutupa kumatha kukhala mbali imodzi, yomwe nthawi zambiri imachiritsidwa ndi corticosteroids.
Chemotherapy ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'matumbo ena monga CNS , mafinya, kapena medullablastomas-omwe amadziwika bwino ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy. Kuchiza ndi chemotherapy nthawi zambiri kumakhala kochepa chifukwa cha kulephera kwa mankhwala ambiri a chemotherapy kuti awoloke magazi - chotchinga chabowo kuti afike ku ubongo. Mankhwala ochiritsira omwe akuwongolera ndiwo mankhwala atsopano omwe amatsutsa mwachindunji kusintha kwa maselo a kansa. Avastin (bevacizumab) ndi imodzi mwa mankhwalawa omwe amagwira ntchito pochotsa magazi ku chotupa, makamaka "kuvutika ndi njala".