Khansara ya impso imaphatikizapo matenda osiyana, ngakhale kuti nthenda yotchedwa celal cell carcinoma ndi yofala kwambiri. Zakale, zizindikiro za ululu wa mphuno (ululu kumbali ndi kumbuyo), mimba ya m'mimba, ndi mitsempha mumkodzo ndizo zizindikiro zowonekera kwambiri, koma masiku ano zimangoganiza kuti munthu ali ndi nthenda yotaya magazi m'magazi) , kapena ngati "ngozi" pamene mukuganiza kuti mayesero amachitika pa vuto lina.
Kafukufuku wa CT ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri yoyezetsa matenda, ngakhale kuti maphunziro ena ojambula zithunzi angapangidwe. Khansara ya impso imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi opaleshoni imeneyi ngakhale atakhala ndi zotupa. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndi chemotherapy ndi ma radiation omwe amachititsa pang'ono kusiyana ndi ena khansa.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya khansa ya impso kuphatikizapo:
- Renal cell carcinoma: Renal cell carcinomas ndiyo njira yodziwika kwambiri ya khansa ya impso ndi akaunti ya matenda 9 a 10 mwa khansa ya impso.
- Transitional cell carcinoma: Nkhani ya Transitional cell carcinomas pafupifupi 7 peresenti ya khansa ya impso. Amachokera ku maselo amodzi omwe ali ndi khansa ya chikhodzodzo, ndipo transitional cell carcinoma imachizidwa mofanana ngati khansa ya chikhodzodzo kuposa renal cell carcinoma.
- Chotupa cha Wilm: Chotupa cha Wilm ndi khansara yomwe imayambira nthawi ya ubwana, ndipo pakati pa khansa ya ana, ndi yofala.
- Sarcoma yachitsulo: Sarcoma ya impso ndi chotupa chochepa chomwe chimayambira mu minofu yogwirizana ya impso.
Zokambiranazi zidzakumbukira makamaka za "renal cell carcinoma".
Matenda a Impso ndi Ntchito
Kudziwa pang'ono za momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito ndi impso kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino zizindikiro zanu, komanso kumvetsetsa momwe khansara m'derali ingakhudzire thupi lanu.
Impso ili ndi ziwalo ziwiri zooneka ngati nyemba, zofanana ndi nkhonya yaing'ono. Impso iliyonse ili pambali pa ziwalo za m'mimba, mbali zonse za msana, motero. Anthu ena ali ndi impso imodzi, chifukwa cha vuto la kubala kapena matenda. Amatha kukhala bwino ndi impso imodzi, malinga ngati impsoyo ikugwira ntchito.
Ntchito zazikulu za impso ziyenera kusokoneza zosafunika, kuchotsa mchere wochuluka ndi mchere, ndi kuchotsa madzi owonjezera m'magazi athu; zomwe zonse zimatulutsidwa mu mkodzo. Pafupifupi 180 makilogalamu (pafupifupi makilogalamu 45) a magazi amatsukidwa kudzera mu impso zathu tsiku lililonse, kuti apange pafupifupi 1 mpaka 2 makilogalamu a mkodzo. Mtsuko umayenda pansi ma tubes, wotchedwa ureters, ndipo umasungidwa mu chikhodzodzo kufikira nthawi yokwanira (kukodza).
Mu impso muli oposa mamiliyoni a nephron, omwe amagwira ntchito mu impso. Nephron iliyonse imakhala ndi glomerulus ndi tubula. Khansara ya impso (renal cell carcinoma) imalingalira kuti imachokera ku tubules ya nephrons.
Zizindikiro
Mwamwayi, zizindikiro za khansa ya impso siziwonekera mpaka matendawa atakula. Ndipotu, chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha khansa ya impso ndi chochepa cha maselo ofiira magazi ( kuchepa kwa magazi ). Pamene zizindikiro zikuchitika, ena mwa awa angaphatikizepo:
- Magazi mu mkodzo , amawoneka atatha kukodza kapena microscopically.
- Misa kumbali ya mimba (phokoso).
- Ululu kumbali kapena kumbuyo (dera lakumbali).
- Chiwindi.
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi.
- Kutayika kosayembekezereka .
Zifukwa ndi Zoopsa za Khansa ya Impso
Ngakhale sitikudziŵa zenizeni zomwe zimayambitsa, akatswiri apeza zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse khansa ya impso . Ena mwa awa ndi awa:
- Zaka: Kuopsa kwa khansa ya impso kumawonjezereka ndi ukalamba, ndipo ambiri amatha kukhala ndi zaka zoposa 40. (Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chifuwa cha Wilm chimafala kwambiri kwa ana.)
- Kugonana: Khansara ya impso imapezeka kwambiri mwa amuna kuposa akazi.
- Mpikisano: Khansara ya impso ndi yofala kwambiri kwa anthu akuda ndi Amwenye a ku America.
- Kusuta: Anthu omwe amasuta ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya impso.
- Ntchito: Kuwonetsa malo kumalo kwa mankhwala ndi zinthu monga asbestos, benzene, ndi zina.
- Kunenepa kwambiri .
- Mbiri ya banja la khansayo ya impso kapena matenda enaake a syndromes.
- Mankhwala ena.
Kuzindikira Khansa ya Impso
Kupezeka kwa khansa ya impso kungakayikire chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, magazi m'kodzo, zizindikiro za thupi, ndi zina zosavuta zoyeza, ndipo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi kuphatikiza zojambula zojambula. Kawirikawiri, kufufuza kwa misa pa maphunziro a radiographic, monga X-ray, CT scan kapena MRI, pa kufufuza kwa chikhalidwe china kungachititse dokotala kukayikira khansayo ya impso.
Chiyeso choyambirira pamene khansayo ya impso ikuwonekera nthawi zambiri ndi ultrasound. An ultrasound amagwiritsa ntchito mafunde amphamvu kuti apange chithunzi, ndipo amatha kusiyanitsa zotupa zolimba kuchokera ku cysts. CT (computerized tomography) mwina ndiyeso yothandiza kwambiri ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakuzindikira ndi kukhazikitsa khansa ya impso. CT imagwiritsa ntchito mndandanda wa x-ray kupanga chithunzi chachitatu cha mkati mwa thupi. Chithunzi cha MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) chingachitidwe kwa anthu omwe satha kukhala ndi CT (chifukwa cha chifuwa kwa CT kapena zipangizo zovuta). MRI imagwiritsa ntchito kujambula maginito mmalo mwa x-ray. MRI imathandizanso ngati chotupa chikuganiza kuti chafalikira m'mitsempha pafupi ndi impso. Nthawi zina PET amawunikira kapena fupa lasafuyo likuthandizira kuthana ndi vuto la impso.
Mosiyana ndi zotupa zambiri, nthawi zambiri sagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti apeze khansa ya impso. Nthendayi, ngati ikufunika, ikhoza kuchitidwa m'njira zingapo, ndipo imalola odwala kuti awonetse kukhalapo kwa maselo a khansa pansi pa microscope. Zitsanzo za khansa ya impso zimathandiza kwambiri pakuwongolera chithandizo ndi mankhwala ochiritsira, koma nthawi zambiri amapezeka pa opaleshoni kuti athetse khansa, osati nthawi yothandizira.
Kusinthana
Ngati khansa imapezeka, mayesero ambiri angapangidwe kuti azindikire ngati khansara ya impso yayamba kufalikira kumatenda apamtima kapena ziwalo zina. Izi zimatchedwa staging. Khansara ya impso imayikidwa poyerekeza kukula kwa chotupacho, komanso umboni uliwonse wa kufalikira kumatenda apafupi, kapena m'madera akutali a thupi.
Kuchiza kwa Khansa ya Impso
Matenda a khansa ya impso akudalira pa siteji ya matenda, komanso zinthu zina zambiri, monga thanzi lanu lonse, malo a khansa mu impso, ndi zina.
Anthu ambiri okhala ndi khansa ya impso adzakhala ndi mtundu wina wa opaleshoni. Amene ali ndi khansa ya impso oyambirira ndi abwino koposa opaleshoni, koma khansara ya impso ndi imodzi mwa ziwalo zochepa zomwe zimachitika kuti opaleshoni ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa ngakhale ndi matenda akuluakulu (siteji 4). Pamene opaleshoni ndi mankhwala omwe amasankhidwa ambiri a khansa ya impso, izi zingakhale zovuta kwa anthu okalamba kwambiri kapena omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa ambiri. Kwa iwo omwe sangalekerere opaleshoni, mankhwala monga cryosurgery (kuzizira chotupa), kapena kupuma kwa dzuwa (kutenthetsa chotupa), zikhoza kukhala zosankha.
Mankhwala ambiri ochiritsidwa amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khansa yapamtima ya impso. Mankhwalawa amaletsa ndi kuteteza kukula ndi kufalikira kwa maselo owopsa. Amachita zimenezi mwachindunji njira yokhudza kukula kwa khansara, kapena kuteteza kukula kwa mitsempha ya magazi kuti athe kupereka chotupacho ndi zakudya (zimachepetsa angiogenesis ). Zotsatira za mankhwalawa ndi zosiyana ndi mankhwala a chemotherapy, ndipo nthawi zambiri amalekerera.
Immunotherapy , yomwe imatchedwanso kuti biologic therapy, ndiyo njira yatsopano yothandizira khansa, yomwe imagwira ntchito mosavuta polimbikitsa thupi kuteteza thupi lanu kuti ligonjetse maselo a khansa. Pali magulu angapo osiyana a mankhwalawa omwe apezeka kuti ali othandiza kwa khansa ya impso.
Kuwonjezera pa njira zothandizira mankhwala ovomerezeka, pakali pano pali mayesero ambiri a chipatala akuyendera, kufunafuna mankhwala atsopano kapena abwino kuti athetse khansa ya impso. Mosiyana ndi ziphunzitso za mayesero a zachipatala ambiri amvapo, ena mwa mayeserowa tsopano amapatsa anthu mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe angakwaniritse zotsatira zawo. Zingakhale zothandiza kukumbukira kuti mankhwala onse omwe tili nawo lero omwe ali ndi khansara adaphunzirapo mu kuyesedwa kwachipatala, ndipo pakalipano, chithandizo cha mankhwala onse, komanso chiwerengero cha moyo, khansa ya impso ikukula.
Mankhwalawa samagwiritsidwa ntchito mochizira ngati mankhwala a kansa ya impso, koma angagwiritsidwe ntchito "mwachilendo," kuti athetse mavuto omwe amabwera chifukwa cha khansa kufalikira. Chemotherapy imakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa potsutsana ndi renal cell carcinoma.
Kusamalidwa, kusamala komwe kumakhudza zizindikiro za khansara ndikukhala ndi moyo wabwino, n'kofunika kwambiri, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mapiritsi oyambirira omwe angachiritsidwe.
Mawu Ochokera
Pofuna kupeza khansara ya impso m'mayambiriro oyamba, nkofunika kuti anthu adziŵe zomwe zizindikiro za matendawa, komanso zoopsa zawo. Mukapeza, pali njira zambiri zothandizira.
Izi zinati, nthawi iliyonse yodziletsa imadula mapaundi a mankhwala, ndipo pali zinthu zambiri zosavuta zimene anthu angachite kuti achepetse chiopsezo. Siyani kusuta kapena musayambe, chifukwa izi ndizoopsa kwambiri. Vuto limachepetsedwa mukasiya, choncho sizakhalanso mochedwa kwambiri, ndipo pali zifukwa zambiri zosiya kusuta pambuyo pozindikira kuti muli ndi khansara ngakhale mutapezeka kuti muli ndi matendawa. Tengani nthawi kuti mudziwe za mankhwala alionse kapena zinthu zina zomwe mumazitenga kuntchito, ndipo tsatirani njira zoyenera. Pomaliza, kudya zakudya zabwino kuti mukhale ndi thanzi labwino ndi kofunika, monga kunenepa kwambiri ndi vuto lalikulu la khansa zambiri, osati khansara chabe ya impso.
> Zotsatira:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Khansa ya Impso.
> Bast, R., Croce, C., Hait, W. ndi al. Holland-Free Cancer Medicine. Wiley Blackwell, 2017.
> National Cancer Institute. Kuchepetsa Matenda a Khansa ya PDC) -Health Professional Version. Kusinthidwa 04/05/18.