Zifukwa 10 Zopatulira Kusiya Kusuta Ndi Khansa

1 -

Zifukwa Zofunikira Zokusiya Kusuta Pambuyo pa Kuzindikira kwa Khansa

Zingatheke kuti tisamve za kuopsa kwa kusuta fodya, ndipo pali zambiri zambiri zomwe zikufotokozera chifukwa chake.

Koma bwanji ngati mutakhala ndi khansa? Kodi zimapangitsa kusiyana ngati mutasiya? Ndiponsotu, kodi kuwonongeka sikungakhaleko kale? Nchifukwa chiyani mukuwonjezera kupsinjika kwakusiya kupsinjika kolimbana ndi matenda a khansa?

Nkhaniyi ikupatsani zifukwa zomveka zokwanira kuti aliyense amene ali ndi khansa ayese kusiya. Ziribe kanthu ngati muli ndi sitepe yoyambirira kapena khansara yapamwamba. Ziribe kanthu kaya muli ndi khansa yotani. Zilibe kanthu ngakhale kuti ndi chithandizo chamtundu wanji chomwe muli nacho, kaya chimatanthauza chithandizo cha chemotherapy, opaleshoni, chithandizo cha ma radiation, chithandizo chamankhwala, kapena ngakhale khalidwe lachisamaliro cha moyo.

Inu mukhoza kuganiza kuti ndinuwekha; kuti sizingapangitse kusiyana ngati mutasiya. Gwirani lingaliro limenelo tsopano, ndipo pitirirani kuwerenga.

2 -

Nambala 1-Kusiyiratu Kulimbitsa Kukhalitsa Khansa ndi Kutsika Kwambiri

Zotsatira za kusuta fodya sizinayesedwe ndi khansa iliyonse, koma kuchokera ku zomwe timadziwa pogwiritsa ntchito kafukufuku wa khansa wamba, zikuwoneka kuti kukankha chizolowezi ndi njira yosavuta (yowonjezera) yokweza miyoyo ya anthu ambiri okhala ndi khansa.

Khansara yokhala ndi khansa ndiyo yomwe imayambitsa matenda a khansa kwa amuna ndi akazi ku United States, ndipo zikuwoneka kuti kusiya nthawi iliyonse ya matendawa kungapangitse kusiyana. Tadziwa kale kuti anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapo oyambirira amakhala ndi moyo wabwino kwambiri kuchokera ku khansa ya m'mapapo (komanso kupulumuka kwathunthu) atasiya kusuta. Posachedwapa kafukufuku akuyang'ana anthu 250 omwe ali ndi khansara yamapapu yapamwamba adapeza kuti kupulumuka kwapakatikati (nthawi yomwe 50 peresenti ya anthu akadali amoyo ndipo 50 peresenti yafa) ndi miyezi 28 kwa iwo omwe atha kusuta, koma miyezi 18 yokha omwe adasuta. Zinkawoneka kuti pangakhale phindu lopulumuka kwa iwo omwe ayesa kusiya koma osapambana.

Kwa amuna omwe ali ndi khansara ya prostate (chifukwa chachiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa khansa kupha amuna,) anapitiriza kuputa kusokonezeka kumagwirizana ndi kupulumuka kosauka komanso matendawa.

Khansara ya Colon ndiyo nthenda yachitatu yomwe imayambitsa matenda a kansa mwa amuna ndi akazi, ndipo kusiya kusuta kumawathandiza kukhala ndi moyo wabwino komanso kuchepa kwa matendawa.

Kwa khansa zina, kusiya fodya kungapangitse kusiyana kwakukulu mu kupulumuka. Phunziro lalikulu la anthu omwe ali ndi khansara ya mutu ndi khosi, anthu omwe adasiya kusuta panthawi ya matendawa komanso asanayambe kulandira chithandizo anayamba kukhala ndi moyo wa zaka 5 peresenti ndi 23 peresenti kwa iwo amene anapitiriza kusuta.

3 -

Nambala 2-Kutaya Kumachepetsa Kuopsa kwa Imfa Kuzifukwa Zina

Kusiya kusuta sikungowonjezera chiwerengero cha kupulumuka kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansara koma kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ndalama zowonjezera.

Ngati mukukhala ndi khansa nokha, n'zosavuta kuganiza za khansara chifukwa chowopsa kwambiri pa moyo wanu, koma sizingakhale choncho nthawi zonse. Pamene anthu ambiri amakhala ndi moyo woposa khansa, chiopsezo cha zifukwa zina za imfa chimakhala chachikulu.

Kusuta fodya kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha zinthu zina zambiri (onani nkhaniyi pa matenda omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kusuta fodya ), koma kusuta limodzi ndi mankhwala ena monga khansa ya mankhwala ndi chemotherapy kungakhale yowonjezera.

Mukhoza kukhala kovuta kufotokoza momwe kusuta ndi kusamalitsa khansa kumachulukitsa ngozi, kotero apa pali chitsanzo cholingalira. Nenani kuti kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha mtundu wa matenda a mtima, ndipo mankhwala enaake amachititsa kuti munthu adwale matenda omwewo. Kusuta panthawi ya chemotherapy kungakhale kowonjezereka pokhapokha pangozi. Mmalo moonjezera 2 kuphatikiza 2 kuti pakhale vuto lachulukirapo 4 pokha pokha ngati likuwonekeratu, chiwopsezo chikhoza kukhala chokwanira nthawi 14.

Izi ndi zofanana ndi zomwe zawonedwa ndi khansa. Zonse kusuta ndi kutayika kwa asibesitosi kumayambitsa matenda a khansa ya m'mapapo, koma kuphatikiza kwa zinthu ziwirizi kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachikulu kuposa zomwe zingayembekezereke powonjezerapo chiopsezo cha kusuta komanso chiopsezo cha kutayika kwa asibesitola kokha.

4 -

Nambala 3-Kusiya Kumachepetsa Kuopsa kwa Mavuto Opaleshoni

Kusiya kusuta kungachepetse chiopsezo cha mavuto kuchokera ku opaleshoni-mavuto omwe angawopsyeze moyo, kapena kuchepetsa moyo wabwino kwa anthu omwe amawapeza.

Ngakhalenso opaleshoni isanayambe, kusuta fodya kumabweretsa chiopsezo cha mavuto ambiri a anesthesia.

Pa opaleshoni , kusuta kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha moyo wokhudzana ndi moyo kapena matenda opuma.

Pambuyo pa opaleshoni , kusuta kumabweretsa machiritso osauka kwambiri komanso mwayi wochulukitsa matenda. Izi sizinangowoneka mu maphunziro a zachipatala koma zimakhala zomveka kuchokera ku zochitika zamoyo. Mankhwala a nicotine ndi carbon monoxide amachititsa vasoconstriction (mitsempha yambiri ya mitsempha) yomwe imachepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'magazi. Magazi amatha kuthamanga pamalo opaleshoni ndipo amagwira ntchito pofuna kuletsa kukonzanso balala.

5 -

Nambala 4-Kusiya Kupanda Mavuto ndi Kupanga Mankhwala Opanga Ma ARV Ntchito Yabwino

Pali zifukwa zitatu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusuta panthawi ya mankhwalawa ndizolakwika .

1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a mpweya sikuwoneka ngati ogwira mtima kwa anthu osuta - Zofufuza zimatiuza kuti anthu omwe amasuta panthawi ya mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo samachita komanso osasuta. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamutu ndi yapamtima omwe amalandira ma radiation monga mankhwala awo oyamba ali ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri zosauka kwambiri ngati akusuta, ndipo izi zimawonongeka kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kansa ya m'mapapo ya m'mapapo. Imodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe zili m'mbuyo mwazi ndikuti oxygenation ya matishu (magazi opititsa mpweya ku maselo) ndi ofunika kuti mankhwala a radiation akhale ndi mphamvu yaikulu. Ngati pali magazi ocheperako kwa khansara chifukwa cha kusuta (chifukwa cha vasoconstriction kapena kuchuluka kwa magalimoto a carboxyhemoglobin,) maselo otupa amakhala osagonjetsedwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa dzuwa. Kufotokozera njira ina, kusuta kumachititsa kuti maselo a cytotoxic (ophera maselo osokoneza bongo ndi owonongeka) asamawonongeke. Sitifuna kuti maselo a khansa apulumuke.

2. Kusuta kumapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto omwe amawopsa chifukwa cha kusokonezeka kwa dzuwa - Kusuta kumawopsa kuwonjezeka kwa zotsatira zochokera kumayendedwe a dzuwa kuphatikizapo zinthu monga zilonda za m'mimba (kutaya kukoma), pakamwa youma, pneumonitis , kutaya mawu, kupweteka kwa mafupa, kutaya, ndi kutopa. Kuphatikiza pa kuvutika kwakukulu kwa mavutowa, amakhalanso nthawi yaitali kuposa momwe amachitira anthu osasuta.

3. Kusuta panthawi ya mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya poizoni kumawonjezera chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi kansa yachiwiri yapakati - Kusuta panthawi yomwe imayambitsa matenda a kansa ya m'mawere. Ngakhale kuti chiopsezo cha khansa ya m'mapapo kwa amayi osuta fodya chiyenera kukhala 6 peresenti, chiopsezo ichi chinakula mpaka 38 peresenti kwa amayi omwe amasuta panthawi yomwe akudwala matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a khansa pachifuwa cha khansa ya m'mawere. Anthu omwe adasuta panthawi ya mankhwala a Hodgkin apezeka ngati omwewa. Mankhwalawa amayamba bwino kwambiri kuyambira nthawi yomwe maphunzirowa adachitidwa (kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 80 ndi kumayambiriro kwa zaka 90) koma kufunika kwa maphunzirowo kumakhalabe; Kusuta fodya pamakhala mankhwala oipa.

6 -

Nambala 5-Kusuta Kungachepetse Chimake cha Chemotherapy ndi Kupangitsa Mavuto

Mofanana ndi mankhwala opatsirana ndi dzuwa, kusuta kungakhudze mankhwala a chemotherapy m'njira zingapo.

Kusuta kungachepetse mphamvu ya chemotherapy , ndipo ikhoza kutero mwa njira zoposa imodzi. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:

• Kusuta kungasinthe mankhwala a chemotherapy, omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa akhale apamwamba kapena ochepa. Izi zikhoza kupangitsa kuti magazi asapitirire kuchepetsa mankhwala enaake (omwe angachepetse mphamvu zake) kapena kuchuluka kwamagazi a mankhwala (zomwe zingawonjezere chiopsezo cha zotsatirapo ndi mavuto). Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amasuta panthawi yomwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a chemotherapy Camptosar (irinotecan) ali ndi magawo ochepa a mankhwala mu magazi awo kusiyana ndi osasuta.
• Kusuta kungalimbikitse kukula kwa zotupa komanso kuwonjezereka kukana mankhwala a chemotherapy chifukwa cha chikonga-chotsutsana ndi khungu lakufa ( apoptosis ) pogwiritsa ntchito njira zomwe maselo amalankhulana.

Anthu amene akupitiriza kusuta panthawi ya mankhwala a chemotherapy nthawi zambiri akhala akuwonjezeka , mwachitsanzo, kuwonjezeka kutopa, kulemera kwakukulu, komanso kuopsa kwa matenda.

Mankhwala amtundu wotchedwa chemotherapy angapangitse kuti pakhale mavuto omwe amabwera ndi kusuta . Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala a chemotherapy otchedwa anthracyclines angawononge mtima kwa anthu ena. Anthu omwe amasuta amatha kukhumudwa ndi mtima ngati mankhwalawa amatha kusiyana ndi anthu osasuta.

7 -

Nambala 6-Kusuta Kumachepetsa Mavuto Ochiritsidwa

Chinthu chosangalatsa chochiza khansa chakhala chikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana - mankhwala opatsirana omwe amayambitsa khansa ndipo nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi zotsatira zochepa kusiyana ndi mankhwala am'thupi.

Komabe zikuwoneka kuti anthu omwe akupitiriza kusuta angakhale ndi zotsatira zochepa pamene akuchiritsidwa ndi chithandizo chowongolera. Kafukufuku akuyang'anitsitsa Tarceva (erlotinib) mankhwala opatsirana kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mitundu ina ya khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo, awona zotsatira zosauka mwa anthu amene akupitiriza kusuta. Chifukwa chake sichidziwikiratu pa nthawi ino, koma kuganiza kuti kusuta kumachititsa kuti Tarceva ichepetsere m'magazi, kuti izi zisawonongeke.

8 -

Chiwerengero chachisanu ndi chiwiri-Kusiya kumachepetsa kuopsa kwa khansa yachiwiri

Kafukufuku amatiuza kuti kusiya kusuta panthawi ya matenda a khansa kumachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha khansa yachiwiri .

Musanalankhule za khansa yachiwiri zimathandiza kufotokoza tanthauzo lina. Khansara yachiwiri yapamwamba siyimira kapena imafalikira ku khansara yoyamba. M'malo mwake zimatanthauza khansara yatsopano komanso yosiyana, yosagwirizana ndi khansa yapachiyambi. (Izi ndi zosiyana ndi khansa yachiwiri yomwe ikhoza kutanthawuza khansara yachiwiri yoyamba kapena masewastra kuchokera ku khansa yoyamba.)

Sikuti kungopitiriza kusuta kumangowonjezera chiopsezo cha khansara yachiwiri (yomwe ingaganizidwe malinga ndi ziwerengero ndi kusuta yekha,) koma kuphatikiza ndi kusuta ndi matenda ena a khansa kungabweretse chiopsezo chachikulu kuposa momwe zingakhalire kwa wina yemwe amasuta koma alibe mankhwala ochiza khansa.

Kuti mumvetse izi, zingathandize kumvetsa pang'ono za momwe khansara imayambira poyamba. Ambiri khansa amaonedwa kuti ndi "opanga machitidwe" pamtundu, kutanthauza kuti zinthu zambiri zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi kuti zisawononge kapena kupewa khansara. Imodzi mwa zotsatira zoyipa za mankhwala a khansa monga mankhwala a radiation ndi chemotherapy ndi kuti mankhwalawa angathe kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha khansara yamtsogolo. Kuwonjezera kuopsa kwa chiopsezo choyambidwa ndi kusuta kungakhale ngati mafuta amatsanulira pamoto.

Zitsanzo zingapo zingamveke mosavuta. Zapezeka kuti anthu omwe ali ndi khansara yamutu ndi ya pakhosi omwe akupitiriza kusuta atatha kuchipatala komanso pamene akudwala, amakhala ndi chiopsezo chotenga khansara yachiwiriyi nthawi zisanu ndi zisanu kuposa momwe zimasinthira kusuta fodya. Kwa anthu omwe ankasuta panthawi ya matenda a Hodgkin, chiopsezochi chinali choposa 20 kuposa chiopsezo chotengera kusuta fodya mu phunziro limodzi.

9 -

Nambala 8-Kusiya Kusuta Kumapangitsa Kuti Moyo Ukhale Wabwino

Kusuta pambuyo pozindikira kuti matenda a khansa yasonyezedwa kuti kuchepetsa umoyo wa moyo m'njira zingapo. Ena mwa awa ndi awa:

• Mphamvu / kutopa - Kupitiriza kusuta fodya pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansa ikuwonekera kumawonjezera chizindikiro chokhumudwitsa cha kutopa kwa khansa , ndi kuchepa mphamvu.
• Kupuma - Zovuta kupuma monga kupuma pang'ono, kupweteka, chifuwa, ndi mantha ndizovuta kwambiri kwa anthu omwe akupitiriza kusuta.
• Ululu - Kusuta pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansara imagwirizanitsidwa ndi ululu wambiri. Anthu omwe akupitiriza kusuta apezeka kuti ali ndi ululu waukulu komanso kuwonongeka kwakukulu pakugwira ntchito chifukwa cha ululu.
• Zochita - Kuchita , chiyeso cha momwe munthu angakwanitse kuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, chiwerengero chake chimachepetsedwa mwa anthu amene akupitiriza kusuta pambuyo pa khansa.

Kuphatikiza pa maphunziro kufufuza zinthu izi za umoyo wa moyo, pali zifukwa zambiri zosawoneka zosiya. Onani maganizo a munthu mmodzi m'nkhani ino pa zifukwa zisanu ndi ziwiri zomwe ndimakonda kusuta ndi zifukwa 50 zomwe ndinadana nazo.

10 -

Nambala 9-Kusiyiratu Imachepetsanso Mavuto a Banja ndi Anzanu

Kusiya kusuta mosakayikira kumapangitsa thanzi lanu kukhala ndi thanzi la khansa, komabe zingakuthandizenso kukhala ndi thanzi la okondedwa anu. Anthu ambiri amauzidwa kuti ayenera kusankha kuti asiye, koma kuganizira za zotsatira za kusiya kwanu pa banja sikungapweteke.

Utsi wa fodya wambiri umayambitsa nthendayi zambiri ndipo akuti akuchititsa pafupifupi 3,000 kufa kwa khansa ya m'mapapo pachaka.

Nthawi zambiri ndimamva anthu omwe amasuta mofulumira kuti sayenera kusuta pafupi ndi okondedwa awo. Ndipo izi ndi zoyamikirika. Palibe mabowo angapo pakutsutsana, komabe, ngati utsi wothandizira sikuti umangodandaula chabe. Tangoyamba kuphunzira za zotsatira za utsi wachitatu , particles ndi mpweya zomwe zatsalira pa zovala ndi malo ena atasiya ndudu. Ndizoyambirira kwambiri kuti mudziwe momwe zotsatirazi zimakhudzira anthu osasuta, koma akuganiza kuti ana ali pangozi yaikulu kuposa akuluakulu.

Zomwe sizingakhale zoonekeratu ndizomwe zimakhudza kusuta kwanu pambuyo pa khansara kungakhale pa banja lanu. Sikutaya nthawi yokha ndi wokondedwa (chifukwa chopita kwinakwake kuchoka ku banja kupita kusuta.) Ndili ndi bwenzi limodzi lomwe silingakhululukire abambo ake chifukwa chosiya kudwala khansara. Amakhalabe wokwiya ndi iye chifukwa chopitiriza kusuta, ndipo mwachidule amafupikitsa moyo wake chifukwa chake. M'malo mochepetsera nthawi, amakumbutsidwa paholide iliyonse kuti ana ake mwina agogo awo adawasankha kuti asiye. Mosakayikira bwenzi ili liri ndi vuto lolimbana nalo - ndiko, ayenera kuphunzira kusiya ndi kukhululukira! Komabe ndizofunika kukumbukira kuti kusuta kungakhudze anthu omwe akukhala nawo omwe akusuta m'njira zomwe sizingatheke.

11 -

Nambala 10-Kusiya Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ndalama Zomwe Zingagwiritsidwe Ntchito Kuchiza Mankhwala a Khansa

Kusiya kusuta kungathandize kuthandizira khansa m'njira inanso: Ikusunga ndalama! Ndalama zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chithandizo cha khansa, kapena bwino komabe, kuti mukondwere moyo womwe muli nawo lerolino.

Ngati mumasuta paketi tsiku, izo zimasinthira pafupifupi $ 5,000 pachaka. Ngati muwonjezera pa gasi kuti mupite ku sitolo, simukufunika kugula mu sitolo, ndi nthawi yomwe mungagwiritse ntchito chinthu china - ngakhale kugwira ntchito - nambala imeneyo ndi yayikulu kwambiri. Yambani kuwonjezera pa zina zochepa (kuganiza: bizinesi yamazinyo kuchokera ku mavuto okhudza ubongo) ndipo nambala imakwera kwambiri. Malinga ndi CDC, ndalama zonse zokhudzana ndi kusuta fodya ku United States zoposa 300 biliyoni pachaka.

Khansa ndi yokwera mtengo kuchokera kumbali zonse ziwiri. Mtengo wa chithandizo chamankhwala ndi wapamwamba kusiyana ndi pamaso pa khansara, pamene ndalama nthawi zambiri zimachepa. Ku United States tsopano, pafupifupi 60 peresenti ya kubwezeretsedwa kwa munthu chifukwa cha ndalama, zambiri mwazi ndi khansa.

12 -

Zowonjezera Zowonjezera-Kusiya Kusiya Cholowa

Kodi munayamba mwawerengapo " Kupha Mbalame" ndi Harper Lee? Ndinaliwerenga mokweza kwa ana anga onse, ndipo khalidwe limodzi linali nthawi yoyamba kukambirana ndi moto. Akazi a Henry Lafayette Dubose. Akazi a Dubose anali azimayi okalamba, omwe anali ndi khalidwe lachimake, lomwe linalimbikitsidwanso ndi chikhumbo chake chofuna kuchoka ku morphine kumapeto kwa moyo. Makhalidwe ake amachititsa funso kuti: "Chifukwa chiyani munthu angapite mu chinthu chovuta kwambiri pamene adzafa posachedwa?"

Ndine wotsimikiza kuti pali kutanthauzira kwambiri kwa khalidwe lake ndi zotsatira zake, koma zikuwoneka kuti Akazi a Dubose adakwaniritsa zinthu ziwiri mufuna kwake. Mmodzi anali kudziwonetsera okha kuti akhoza kuchita chinachake chovuta kwambiri asanamwalire, koma china chinali chokhalitsa. Iye anawonetsa kwa ena (kuganiza Scout) kuti zovuta zinali zothekadi, ndipo nthawi zambiri timakhala ndi mphamvu zoposa zomwe timakhulupirira kuti tili nazo. Kuwona kuti mphamvu mwa ena imatilimbikitsa kuti tipeze mphamvu mwa ife tokha.

Mwinamwake njira yayitali yonena kuti ngakhale zifukwa 10 zapitazo zosiya kusuta ndi khansa sizikwanira, palinso wina. Mpata wochitira umboni mphamvu zanu m'moyo wanu, ndi mwayi wopereka nzeru kwa anzanu ndi achibale anu kuti tili ndi mphamvu zoposa zomwe timakhulupirira.

Ngati simunasiye, dziwonetseni nokha monga wosuta fodya. Kodi mumamva maganizo anu? "Ndazichita!" Kodi mungamve maganizo a mwana wanu? "Ndimakondwera kwambiri ndi bambo anga ngakhale kuti sakudziwa kuti sizingapangitse kusiyana (monga taonera pamwamba, zingatheke) anatiwonetsa momwe analiri wokhoza kuthetsa chizoloŵezichi." Musayime pamenepo. "Kudziwa kuti bambo anga ali olimba kumandithandiza kudziwa kuti ndikhoza kukhala amphamvu ngati atasiya kusuta ngakhale kuti akukumana ndi khansa, ndikuganiza kuti ndikhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu ____ (yang'anizani zosalemba)."

Mwinamwake chitsanzo ichi choganiziridwa ndi chosalungama pang'ono, koma sizongopeka zenizeni. Ine ndine mwana yemwe amanyadira bambo yemwe angayambe chizolowezicho atapezeka kuti ali ndi kansa ndipo amapeza mphamvu zake mu cholowa chimenecho.

Kodi mukufuna kuti cholowa chanu chikhale chotani?

(PS) sindinathe kulemba kulembera ndisanatchule chinthu chimodzi. Chikondi cha banja sichingakhale chopanda malire, sindikanakonda abambo anga pang'ono pokha ngati atasankha kupitiriza kusuta, komabe pali nthawi, pamene phiri mu moyo wanga liwoneka ngati losavuta kuwerengera lopatsidwa chitsanzo cha bambo anga.)

Kodi mwakonzeka kusiya? Kusiya kabuku kogwiritsa ntchito kusuta kumapereka mauthenga, zipangizo, ndi zolimbikitsa kukuthandizani kuyamba lero.

_Zotsatira:

_{American Society of Clinical Oncology. Khansa.net Kugwiritsa Ntchito Fodya Pa Chithandizo cha Khansa. 04/2012. http://www.cancer.net/navigating-cancer-care/prevention-and-healthy-living/tobacco-use/tobacco-use-during-cancer-treatment}

_{Amato, D. et al. Kusuta Fodya Kungayambitse Odwala Matenda a Khansa Yopulumuka. Journal of Thoracic Oncology . 2015. 10 (7): 1014-9.}

_{Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. Kusuta ndi Kusuta Fodya. 04/15/15. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/fast_facts/}

_{Florou, A. et al. Kufunika kwachipatala Kusuta Kuchepetsa Odwala Kudwala Khansa: Kukambitsirana kwa zaka 30. Khansara ya kupuma . 2014 Sep 2. (Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza).}

_{Kaufman, E., Jacobson, J., Hershman, D., Desai, M., ndi A. Neugut. Zotsatira za khansa ya khansa ya m'mawere ndi kusuta ndudu pangozi ya khansa yachiwiri yamapapu yoyamba. Journal of Clinical Oncology . 2008. 26 (3): 392-8.}

_{Moreira, D. et al. Kusuta fodya kumagwirizanitsa ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka cha matenda a chilengedwe, matenda a metastasis, kansa ya prostate yosagonjetsedwa, komanso kufa pambuyo pa prostatectomy kwambiri: zotsatira za SEARCH database. Khansa . 2014. 120 (2): 197-204.}

_{Musallam, K. et al. Kusuta ndi Kuopsa kwa Kufa ndi Zochitika Zopuma ndi Zokhazikika Kwa Odwala Akuchitidwa Opaleshoni Yaikulu. Kuchita opaleshoni ya JAMA . 2013. 148 (8): 755-762.}

_{Nakamura, H. et al. Kusuta Kumakhudza Matenda a Mitsempha Pambuyo pa Kuchita Kachilombo ka Mimba. Opaleshoni Masiku Ano . 2008. 38 (3): 227-231.}

_{National Cancer Institute. Kusuta mu Kansa Kusamalira - Zaumoyo Ogwira ntchito. Inapezeka pa 08/01/15. http://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/tobacco/smoking-cessation-hp-pdq#section/_1}

_{Parsons, A. et al. Kusokonekera kwa kusuta fodya pambuyo pozindikira kuti khansa ya mapapo ya mapapo akuyambira pazizindikiro: kuwonetseratu mwatsatanetsatane kafukufuku wotsatila. British Medical Journal BMJ2010: 340: b5569. Lofalitsidwa pa Intaneti 21 January 2010.}

_{Peppone, L. et al. Zotsatira za kusuta fodya pa zotsatira zokhudzana ndi khansa. Oncologist . 2011. 16 (12) 1784-92.}

_{Rades, D. et al. Zotsatira za Kusuta Panthawi ya Radiotherapy, Kupewa Kupewa, ndi Mitsempha ya Hemoglobin pa Zotsatira za Odwala Zidzakhala Zomwe Zidzasokonezedwa ndi Khansa ya M'mimba Yopanda Kuchepa. International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology ndi Physics . 2008. Feb 5 (Epub pasanapite nthawi.)}

_{Waller, L., Miller, A., ndi W. Petty. Kugwiritsa ntchito erlotinib kuti athe kuchiza odwala ndi khansa ya m'mapapo yopanda maselo omwe akupitiriza kusuta. Khansa Yam'mimba . 2010. 67 (1): 12-6.}

_{Yang, B., Jacobs, E., Gapstur, S., Stevens, V., ndi P. Campbell. Kusuta Fodya ndi Kufa Pakati pa Odwala Odwala Kachilombo: Kudzala Mtengo Wopereka Chithandizo Chakudya Chachiwiri. Journal of Clinical Oncology . Inasindikizidwa pa intaneti poyamba pa February 2, 2015.}