Mufukufuku wa sayansi, mutu wolamulira ndi winawake yemwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka maziko oyerekeza. Pamene anthu omwe akutumikira monga nkhani zowonongeka akuphatikizana pamodzi amatchedwa gulu lolamulira.
Nkhani zogwiritsira ntchito zingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'mayesero a kachipatala kuti mudziwe zambiri zokhudza matenda osiyanasiyana ndi mankhwala awo. Kawirikawiri, koma nthawi zonse, nkhaniyi ndi wodzipereka wathanzi amene alibe chithandizo chamankhwala choyambirira.
Mfundo zowonongeka nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zofunikira, kutanthauza kuti ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe ena oyenerera kuti azigwirizana ndi phunziroli lomwe likupezekapo, komanso njira zochotsera, zomwe zingakhale zosiyana ndi zomwe akuchita. Zizindikiro zoterezi zikuphatikizapo zaka, chikhalidwe, matenda ndi mbiri yachipatala.
Mutu Wolamulira Ungagwiritsidwe Ntchito
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe mutu wogwiritsira ntchito ungagwiritsidwe ntchito:
Poyerekezera ndi anthu omwe ali ndi vuto linalake: Olamulira akhoza kukhala gulu la anthu abwino omwe akuphunzira kuti awone momwe zizindikiro zawo, makhalidwe awo, kapena makhalidwe awo akufananirana ndi gulu la anthu omwe akudwala matenda ena. Anthu omwe amadzipereka kuti azikhala otsogolera zowononga bwino nthawi zambiri amalipidwa chifukwa chochita nawo phunzirolo.
Kulandira malo otchedwa placebo: M'mayesero okhudzana ndi chitetezo ndi kupambana kwa mankhwala atsopano kapena mankhwala, nkhanizi zidzakhala anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lomweli monga maphunziro, koma omwe amalandira malo otchedwa "placebo" kapena "mankhwala".
Gululi lingatchulidwe kuti "controlboards". Mu maphunziro oterowo, maphunziro amapezeka mwachangu ku gulu lachipatala kapena gulu lolamulira la placebo.
Kuyerekezera zatsopano ndi mankhwala achikulire: Mu phunziro ili, maulamuliro amatha kulandira chithandizo chovomerezeka kale ndipo amafanizidwa ndi anthu omwe amalandira njira yatsopano ya mankhwala.
Mitundu Yopangidwira Yophunzira ndi Zotsatira za Zophunzitsira
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zojambula zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulamulira:
- Mapulani akhungu: Olamulira sangadziwe kuti ali mu gulu lolamulira kapena amalandila malo omwe amakhala nawo.
- Kupanga khungu kawiri: Sizinayambitse mankhwala kapena anthu omwe amachititsa chithandizo kuti adziwe yemwe akulandira mankhwala a mankhwala a placebo kapena mankhwala oyerekeza.
Chitetezo cha Otsogolera Olamulira
Mu maphunziro apamwamba a zachipatala, pali njira zomwe zimapangidwira kuti zitetezedwe ku zovulaza. Kawirikawiri, chidziwitso chodziwika ndi chofunika, chomwe ophunzira amapatsidwa zokhudzana ndi zoopsa kapena zopindulitsa zomwe zingakhalepo pakuchita nawo phunzirolo. Kafukufuku wina ayenera kukhala ndi mapangidwe awo, choncho chithandizo cha maphunziro ovomerezedwa ndi mabungwe apamtundu othandizira (IRBs) ndi / kapena mabungwe osiyanasiyana a federal asanakhale otsogolera.
Chitsime:
"Phunzirani za Zophunzira Zamakono " Webusaiti ya ClinicalTrials.gov