Sitikudziwa chomwe chimayambitsa khansa ya impso, koma pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu akhale ndi mwayi wodwala matendawa.
Khansara ya impso imakhala yowonjezereka mwa amuna, mwa iwo omwe amasuta kapena olemera, omwe apezeka ndi mankhwala ena ogwira ntchito, ndi omwe ali ndi matenda monga kuthamanga kwa magazi. Matenda a khansa ya impso ndi apamwamba kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi mbiri ya banja kapena matendawa.
Chiwerewere cha khansa ya impso chawonjezeka m'zaka zaposachedwa, ngakhale kuti sitikudziwa chifukwa chake. Ofufuza ena amakhulupirira kuti izi sizowonjezera, komabe zimakhala zowonjezereka kupeza ndi kupeza matendawa chifukwa cha zojambula zojambula ngati CT ndi MRI.
Mukadziwa kuti muli ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka, mutha kukhumudwa. Kumbukirani, kukhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu sikungatsimikizire kuti mudzakula khansara, ndipo palinso zinthu zina zomwe zili m'manja mwanu. Lankhulani ndi katswiri wanu wa zaumoyo za moyo uliwonse zomwe mungathe kuchita monga kuyang'anira kulemera kwanu, kuchita masewero olimbitsa thupi, ndi kudya zakudya zowonongeka, ndi kuzindikira zizindikiro zomwe zimapezeka kuti muthe kutsatira momwe mukufunira.
Zochitika Zowopsa Kwamoyo
Zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya impso sizinazindikire, koma tikudziwa kuti kansa imayambira pamene kusintha kwasinthana kamene kamasintha kagulu kamene kali ndi khansa.
Komabe, tapeza zifukwa zingapo zomwe zingayambitse matendawa. Zowopsa zingapangitse munthu kukhala ndi khansa ya impso, koma osati chifukwa cha khansa. Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti anthu amatha kupanga khansa ya impso ngakhale kuti alibe vuto lililonse la matendawa.
Zina mwazidzidzidzi zomwe zimayambitsa khansa ya impso zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.
Zaka
Kuopsa kwa khansa ya impso kumawonjezereka ndi ukalamba, ngakhale kuti khansa izi zapezeka mwa anthu a misinkhu yonse, ngakhale ana. Matendawa amapezeka kwambiri pakati pa zaka 50 ndi 70.
Kugonana
Khansara ya impso imapezeka kaŵirikaŵiri kwa amuna monga akazi.
Mpikisano
Ngozi ya kansa ya impso imakhala yapamwamba kwambiri kwa azungu kusiyana ndi azungu.
Geography
Khansa ya impso imapezeka kwambiri pakati pa anthu okhala m'midzi kusiyana ndi madera akumidzi.
Kusuta
Kusuta ndikowopsa kwa khansayo ya impso, ndipo omwe amasuta ndi 50 peresenti yowonjezera matendawa. Kusuta kumayerekezera kuti ndi 30 peresenti ya khansa ya impso pakati pa amuna ndipo 25% mwa amayi.
Chiwopsezo chikugwirizana ndi chiwerengero cha zaka-pakiti kusuta, kapena chiwerengero cha fodya chimasuta tsiku ndi tsiku ndi chiwerengero cha zaka zomwe munthu amasuta. Monga momwe zilili ndi khansara yamapapo, chiopsezo cha khansa ya impso chichepa ngati munthu asiya kusuta koma akhoza kukhala wokwera kwa nthawi yaitali. Chowopsya potsiriza chimatsikira ku cha wosuta fodya pafupi zaka 10 atasiya.
Kunenepa kwambiri
Anthu omwe ali olemera kwambiri kapena olemera kwambiri (ali ndi chiwerengero cha mthupi kuposa 30) amakhala odwala khansa ya impso, ndipo kunenepa kwambiri kumayesedwa kuti ndi amene amachititsa kuti 1 pa 4 ali ndi khansa ya impso.
Kutaya thupi kumabweretsa kusintha kwa ma hormone mu thupi lomwe lingakhale lokhudzana ndi chiopsezo ichi.
Mankhwala
Pali mankhwala ena omwe amawoneka bwino ndi khansa ya impso, ndi ena omwe sitikudziwa ngati pali chiopsezo.
Gulu limodzi la mankhwala opweteka lakhala likugwirizana ndi khansa ya impso. Phenacetin, wotchedwa painkiller omwe nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito, analetsedwa ku United States mu 1983 chifukwa cha izi. Izi zikuti, pali anthu omwe akukhala lero amene adagwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa, choncho ndikofunika kuyankhula ndi dokotala wanu za mavuto alionse omwe mwakhala nawo kale. Zikuwoneka kuti Phenacetin ndiwopseza kwambiri chiopsezo cha matendawa.
Kafukufuku wina anapeza kuti chiŵerengero cha khansa ya impso (mu foal pelvis) ku Australia chinachepera ndi 52 peresenti mwa amayi ndi 39 peresenti mwa amuna kupitirira zaka 30 chikaletsedwa m'dziko limenelo mu 1979.
Pali vuto linalake loti mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga Advil (ibuprofen) angapangitse ngozi. Chiyanjano chinapezekanso pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito aspirin ndi Tylenol (acetominophen) ndi khansa ya impso. Zowopsazi zimaganiziridwa makamaka chifukwa cha kumwa mankhwalawa mopitirira muyeso koma ndi chifukwa chofunikira chogwiritsira ntchito makonzedwewa pokhapokha ngati chiri chofunikira kwambiri.
Diuretics kapena "mapiritsi a madzi" (makamaka, hydrochlorothiazide) angagwirizanenso ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya impso. Pakalipano, sadziwa ngati chiopsezochi chikugwirizana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kuti azitha kuthamanga kwa magazi kapena chifukwa cha kuthamanga kwa magazi.
Zochitika Zamankhwala
Matenda omwe agwirizanitsidwa ndi chitukuko cha khansa ya impso ndi awa:
- Kuthamanga kwa magazi: Monga tanenera pamwambapa, sizikutsimikizira ngati kuthamanga kwa magazi ndi chiwopsezo cha khansa ya impso, kapena kuti mankhwala omwe amatha kuchiza.
- Mbiri ya ma lymphomas: Sitikukayikira ngati ma lymphomas amadzipangitsa munthu kukhala ndi khansa ya impso, kaya khansa ikugawanika m'thupi, kapena ngati mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala am'mimba amachititsa ngozi.
- Kugonjetsedwa kwa thupi : Kutetezedwa kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, kaya chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, matenda opatsirana pogonana, omwe amatenga matenda monga HIV / AIDS, kapena njira zina zolimbitsira thupi zimayambitsa ngozi.
- Mbiri ya khansa ya chithokomiro: Anthu omwe ali ndi khansara ya chithokomiro amawoneka kuti amakhala awiri kapena kasanu ndi kawiri mwinamwake kuti akhale ndi khansa ya impso. Sitikukayikira ngati kansa ya chithokomiro (kapena mankhwala ake) amagwira ntchito mwachindunji, kapena mmalo mwake ngati jini yosinthika mthupi monga zowonongeka zamoyo zimayambitsa chiopsezo cha khansa zonse.
- Matenda a shuga: Matenda a khansa ya impso amakhala operewera kwambiri kwa anthu omwe ali ndi shuga, makamaka omwe apezeka ndi insulini.
- Kachilombo ka khansa ya khansa ina: Amayi omwe akhala ndi ma radiation a khansara ya chiberekero, kapena amuna omwe ali ndi mazira a khansa ya testicular, ali ndi ngozi yaikulu.
- HIV / Edzi: Kugonana kwa anthu okhaokha ndi vuto lalikulu la khansa ya impso, koma mankhwala omwe amachiza HIV amawopsa kwambiri.
- Matenda a Impso Otsatira: Anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a impso opambana, makamaka omwe ali pa dialysis, ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu.
- Matenda odwala matenda a chiwindi a Edzi: Posachedwapa, matenda a chiwindi a Edzi awonjezeredwa ndi khansa ya impso. Ndikofunika kuti aliyense wobadwa pakati pa 1945 ndi 1965 akhale ndi mayeso a magazi kuti awonetsere matenda a chiwindi cha C , popeza matendawa sakhala ndi zizindikiro mpaka atadwala kwambiri.
- Miyendo ya Impso: Mitsempha ya impso ingakhale yovuta kwa amuna, koma mgwirizano umenewu sunaoneke mwa amayi.
Zochitika Zachilengedwe
Zambiri zowonongeka ndi zinthu ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa ngozi zimayenderana ndi ntchito yopezeka pantchito. Zina mwazinthuzi ndizoziwonetsa trichlorethylene (chotsitsa chogwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utoto ndi zitsulo), perchlorethylene (yogwiritsidwa ntchito poyeretsa youma ndi zitsulo zosakanizika), cadmium (yomwe imapezeka mu mabatire a cadmium), asibesitosi (omwe amapezeka mumzinda wakale), benzene (amapezeka mu mafuta ndi nkhawa za ogwira ntchito magetsi), ndi zina zotchedwa herbicides (ntchito za ulimi).
Zinthu zoberekera
Zotsatira za kafukufuku woposera imodzi zikuwoneka kuti amayi omwe ali ndi hysterectomy ali ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha khansa ya impso (pafupifupi 28 peresenti imodzi ndi 41 peresenti ina). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, chiopsezo cha khansa ya impso n'chochepa kwambiri kwa amayi omwe ali ndi nthawi yoyamba (kumayambiriro) posachedwapa, komanso omwe agwiritsira ntchito mapiritsi oletsa kubereka.
Genetics
Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khansa ya impso alibe mbiri ya banja, koma kukhala ndi mbiri ya banja la khansa ya impso kumawonjezera chiopsezo chanu. Kukhala ndi digiri yoyamba yokhudzana ndi matenda (kholo, mchimwene, kapena mwana) imabweretsera chiopsezo, komabe chiopsezo n'chokwanira ngati mbaleyo ali ndi matendawa. Ngozi ya khansa ya impso imakula kwambiri ngati achibale ambiri (ngakhale achibale) ali ndi matendawa, makamaka kwa omwe ali ndi mamembala omwe amapezeka kuti asanakwanitse zaka 50 kapena ali ndi khansa yambiri ya impso.
Ngati oposa mmodzi m'banja adapezeka kuti ali ndi khansara ya impso, kapena ngati achibale anu atapezeka kuti ali aang'ono, pali kuthekera kuti imodzi mwa ma syndromes omwe ali m'munsimu akhoza kuthawa m'banja lanu. Koma pakali pano, kuyesedwa kwa majeremusi kumayambira. Zina zowonjezereka za ma genene ndi zamoyo zina zamoyo zidzasintha m'tsogolomu.
Kuphatikiza pa mbiri ya banja, anthu omwe ali ndi majeremusi syndromes ali ndi chiopsezo chokwanira. Ma syndromeswa tsopano akuganiza kuti amawerengera 5 peresenti mpaka 8 peresenti ya khansa ya impso, ndikuphatikizapo:
- Vuto la Hippel-Lindau : Anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu choyera cha selo renal carcinoma (pafupifupi 40 peresenti ya anthu amayamba matenda), chifukwa cha kusintha kwa VHL gene
- Mphepete mwa mapepala a renal cell carcinoma
- Kachilombo ka leyomyoma-renal cell-renal cell carcinoma
- Matenda a Birt-Hogg-Dube
- Matenda a Cowden
- Tuberous sclerosis
> Zotsatira:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Khansa ya Impso: Zinthu Zowopsa ndi Kuteteza. Kusinthidwa 08/2017.
> Antoni, S., Soerjomataram, I., Moore, S. et al. Banja la Phenacetin limayanjananso ndi kusintha kwa zotsatira za khansa yapamwamba ya urinary ku Australia. Journal of Health and Public Health ya Australia . 2014. 38 (5): 455-8.
> Balakrishnan, M., Glover, M., Kanwal, F. et al. Chiwindi cha chiwindi cha matenda a Hepatitis C ndi Kuopsa kwa Malingaliro Osokoneza Bongo. Matenda a Chiwindi . 2017. 21 (3): 543-554.
> Karami, S .., Mwana wamkazi, S., Schonfeld, S. et al. Zochitika zoberekera ndi ngozi ya khansa ya impso mu Maphunziro 2 a Mgwirizano wa US, 1993-2010. American Journal of Epidemiology . 2013. 177 (12): 1368-77.