Khansa ya Maselo a Plasma A Magazi
Mitundu yambiri ya myeloma ndi khansa ya magazi (maselo a maselo a m'magazi a plasma) omwe nthawi zambiri amapezeka kwa anthu oposa 65. Ku United States, chiopsezo cha myeloma zambiri ndi chapamwamba kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku Africa-America ndi otsika kwambiri pakati pa anthu a ku Asia ndi America. Akuti khansara iyi imakhudza anthu asanu ndi asanu ndi mmodzi pa 100,000 chaka chilichonse.
Khansara amatanthauza kukula kwa maselo osayendetsedwa.
Mu myeloma yambiri, mafupa amachititsa maselo osadziwika a plasma. Mosiyana ndi ma khansa ena omwe ali ndi chotupa, maselo a khansa amapezeka nthawi zonse m'mafupa ndi magazi, ngakhale kuti chotupa chingapangire mafupa kapena zofewa .
Zizindikiro za Myeloma Zambiri
Myeloma zambiri zimayambitsa zizindikiro zambiri zomwe zingakhalepo:
- Kupweteka kwa mafupa , nthawi zambiri m'munsi kumbuyo kapena nthiti
- Kutopa ndi kufooka chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo ofiira m'magazi (kuchepa kwa magazi)
- Matenda obwerezabwereza ndi malungo chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa maselo oyera a m'magazi oyera
- Matenda a impso, omwe angabweretse ludzu lonjezereka, kuwonjezeka kukodza, kusuta, kapena kudzimbidwa
- Kutaya thupi
- Anathyoka mafupa chifukwa cha kufooka kwa mafupa
Kuzindikira Myeloma Yambiri
Kudziwa kuti pali myeloma angapangidwe chifukwa cha zizindikiro zomwe munthu akukumana nacho. Kuwerengera kwathunthu kwa maselo a magazi (CBC) kungasonyeze maselo akuluakulu a m'magazi a m'magazi ndi maselo ofiira a magazi ofiira magazi (anemia).
Mayeso ena a magazi (monga serum protein electrophoresis) angasonyeze kuti pali calcium yambiri komanso mapuloteni enaake.
Mtsuko wamadzi (urine protein electrophoresis) umayang'ana kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni a Bence Jones omwe amasonkhanitsidwa pa ora la 24. M'nkhani yambiri ya myeloma, padzakhala mlingo wapamwamba wa mapuloteni omwe alipo.
Mphungu yamphongo (sampuli) idzatengedwa kukayang'ana maselo a kansa. Chithandizo chodziwika bwino cha radiologic (kafukufuku wa mafupa) chachitidwa kuti chitsimikizire kuti ali ndi matenda. X-ray akhoza kuyang'ana mafupa osweka kapena ofooka.
Matenda a myeloma ambiri amatsimikiziridwa ndi kukhalapo kwa maselo a khansa ya myeloma ( maselo osadziwika a plasma) mu mafupa ndi kukhalapo kwa mapuloteni owonjezera mu magazi kapena mkodzo.
Kulemba ndi Kulemba
Mitundu yambiri ya myeloma ingasankhidwe kukhala imodzi mwa magulu atatu:
- Matenda a mtundu wa monoclonal of importance (MGUS): Matendawa ndi mtundu wa "preel multiple myeloma," kutanthauza kuti mapuloteni owonjezera alipo koma mlingo wa maselo a plasma ndi ochepa. MGUS ndi yokha yopanda mavuto, koma pafupifupi 16 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali nayo imakhala ndi myeloma yambiri pa nthawi.
- Masamba a plasmacytoma: Myelomas m'gulu ili amangokhala pamalo amodzi okha kapena chotupa chimodzi.
- Kuchulukitsa kapena kupopera mankhwala ambiri a myeloma: Mu gawo ili, kuyezetsa magazi ndi mafupa a mafupa amasonyeza kuti pali ma multipleeloma ambiri koma zizindikiro siziripo.
- Symptomatic multiple myeloma: M'gulu ili, anthu omwe ali ndi myeloma ambiri amasonyeza zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro.
Khansara yamatenda amatanthauza kukula kwake. Kodi ma myeloma angokhala pamtambo, kapena khansa imafalikira kumadera ena a thupi ngati mafupa?
Gawo la khansa limayambitsa mtundu wa chithandizo chomwe chidzafunikire. Chifukwa chakuti myeloma yambiri ingathe kufalikira, kawirikawiri timayendedwe kawiri kawiri kamakhala kovuta kwambiri kuti kansa ndi yotani m'thupi.
Kuchiza Myeloma Yambiri
Anthu omwe ali ndi MGUS kapena alibe zizindikiro amapezeka kawirikawiri poyezetsa magazi komanso samayesedwa. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro angachiritsidwe ndi:
- Mankhwala a chemotherapy: Awa angaphatikizepo Cytoxan (cyclophosphamide), Alkeran (melphalan), kapena corticosteroids monga prednisone. Kuphatikizidwa kwa Thalomid (thalidomide) ndi Decadron (dexamethasone) kunapezedwanso kukhala mankhwala othandiza.
- Mankhwala othandizira ma ARV: Mankhwalawa amagwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zamagetsi zamphamvu kuti aphe maselo a kansa ndi kutaya zilonda.
- Selo lamagazi (fupa la mafuta) : Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumalowetsa mafupa a mafupa ndi mafupa abwino.
- Mankhwala odana ndi khansa otchedwa Velcade (bortezomib): Mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa ngati intravenously kapena jekeseni pansi pa khungu lanu (subcutaneously).
Kuphatikizanso apo, anthu omwe ali ndi myeloma angapo angalandire mankhwala, monga kulandira magazi kuti athetse magazi m'thupi kapena mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
Zotsatira
- Lonial, Sagar. "Za Myeloma." Multieloma Research Foundation. 9 Sep 2005. Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation.
- "Zimene Mukuyenera Kudziwa Zambiri za Myeloma." Mutu wa khansa. Dec 2004. National Cancer Institute.