Njira Zoteteza Chitetezo Kuchepetsa Zolakwa Zamankhwala
Palibe kuchuluka kwa chithandizo chamankhwala padziko lapansi chomwe chingathandize kukhala ndi thanzi labwino komanso thanzi la munthu wodwalayo ngati njira yosamalirako kapena zachilengedwe sizili bwino. Nkhani zokhudzana ndi chitetezo cha chipatala zikuphatikizapo chiopsezo cha zolakwika zachipatala ndi zochitika zovuta kapena zochitika zazikulu zotsatirika
Monga zofunikira monga kuphunzira kuyang'ana njira ziwiri musanayambe kuwoloka msewu, kapena kuika mkasi wanu pansi musanayambe kuthamanga, kodi ndizofunika bwanji kusunga matenda, kuyeza kawiri kawiri mankhwala asanagwiritsidwe ntchito, ngakhale kuchotsa kapena kugwira ntchito pamtundu woyenera magawo.
Nyuzipepala ya National Quality mu 2006 inafotokozera zolakwika zachipatala makumi asanu ndi awiri (28) ndipo zinazitcha kuti "zochitika zonse." Amaphatikizapo zolakwitsa za opaleshoni ndi zipangizo, zolakwika za mankhwala, zolakwika za chisamaliro, zolakwika zachilengedwe ndi zochitika zachiwawa. Zolakwitsa zomwe zimachokera ku nosocomial (matenda opatsidwa kuchipatala) sizinatchulidwe.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake dzinalo linasinthidwa kuchoka ku "zochitika zosachitika" mpaka "zochitika zazikulu zowonongeka." Koma mfundo yeniyeni imatsalira - sayenera kuchitika pamalo owonetsera thanzi chifukwa amaika odwala pangozi yovulaza ndipo nthawi zina amafa.
Institute of Medicine mu 1999 inanena zotsatira za maphunziro awiri a chitetezo cha wodwala omwe amasonyeza kuti pakati pa 44,000 ndi 98,000 Achimerika amafa chaka chilichonse chifukwa cha zolakwika zachipatala ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, chifukwa cha mavuto a chitetezo cha odwala.
Zina mwa zolakwika zachipatala zomwe zatchulidwa:
- Chipatala ndi anthu ammudzi adalandira matenda: Odwala kuchipatala akhoza kukhala ndi matenda monga MRSA kapena Clostridium difficile , kuchititsa kuti matenda awo ndi chithandizo chawo zikhale zovuta kwambiri. Anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo ndi omwe ali ndi machitidwe a chitetezo cha mthupi. Izi zikuphatikizapo anthu omwe ali ndi bala lotseguka kuvulazidwa kapena opaleshoni, omwe amafunikira catheters kuti azitsuka kapena kumwa mankhwala, kapena okalamba omwe machitidwe awo sali amphamvu monga kale. Matenda ena amatchedwa "superbugs" chifukwa adasintha kuposa momwe angathe kuwonongedwera ndi mankhwala omwe alipo kale.
- Zolakwa za mankhwala: Kuchokera ku mavuto kutanthauzira kulembedwa kwa dokotala pa mankhwala, kulakwitsa pamasulira awo ku pharmacy, ku zovuta za kayendetsedwe ndi mlingo, mafelemu a nthawi kapena njira ya kayendetsedwe ka mankhwala, maina ambiri ofanana ndi osokoneza bongo, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa zikwi zambiri imfa pachaka.
- Zolakwitsa za opaleshoni: Opaleshoni yolakwika ya malo komanso odwala matenda osaphatikizapo amaphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za opaleshoni. Opaleshoni zina sizimagwira ntchito komanso dokotala wa opaleshoni kapena wodwala angakonde, koma izi siziri zofanana ndi zomwe zimakhala zovuta, zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika. Opaleshoni yokhala ndi magetsi otentha chifukwa ntchito monga cauterizing zingayambitsenso moto.
- Zina mwazovuta za mavuto a chitetezo cha odwala zimayambitsa kugwa, ogwira ntchito omwe sapumula bwino, ndi zina zomwe zimayambitsa. Izi zingathenso kutchedwa "iatrogenic." Pezani mndandanda wamndandanda wa zochitikazi, zosokoneza zochitika kapena zochitika zazikulu .
Kuphwanyidwa kwa chitetezo cha wodwala kumatha kuchitika pamalo aliwonse a chithandizo chamankhwala kuchokera ku ofesi, madokotala, malo opaleshoni, kupita ku malo osungirako zosamalidwa bwino komanso ma laboratory. Ndipo chifukwa madokotala ndi ena othandizira akukhala nthawi yocheperapo ndi wodwala aliyense, sangathe kuchitidwa kuti atipatse chitetezo kuchipatala.
Popanda kudalira ogwira ntchito kuti atipulumutse, odwala ndi osamalira awo ayenera kuyesetsa kwambiri kuti adziteteze ku zolakwa zachipatala zomwe zingachititse imfa kapena kusokonezeka.