Ngati inu kapena wokondedwa wanu mukukhala ndi mafupa opangira mafupa kapena kupatsa maselo osungira, kodi zimaphatikizapo chiyani? Kodi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mafupa akuphatikizana ndi chiyani ndipo ndi chani chomwe chimaperekedwa kwa wopereka ndi wolandira?
Zowonjezera
Kugwiritsira ntchito mafupa a mitsempha ndi njira yomwe maselo apadera (otchedwa maselo amadzimadzi ) amachotsedwa ku fupa lamagazi kapena m'magazi, amasankhidwa ndi kubwezeretsedwa kwa munthu yemweyo kapena kwa munthu wina.
Popeza tsopano tili ndi maselo ofunika kwambiri omwe amafunikira kuchokera ku magazi m'malo mwa mafupa a mitsempha, kuwombera mafupa a mafupa tsopano kumatchulidwa kuti selo lopatsirana .
Nchifukwa chiyani mafupa a Marrow Akuphika?
Mafupa a mafupa amapezeka m'matumba akuluakulu m'thupi monga mafupa a m'mimba. Msupa umenewu ndi malo opangira maselo amadzimadzi. Maselo a tsinde ndi "pluripotential" kutanthauza kuti maselo ndiwo maselo am'mbuyo omwe angasinthe ku mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maselo a magazi, monga maselo oyera a magazi, maselo ofiira a magazi, ndi mapulogalamu.
Ngati chinachake cholakwika ndi mafupa kapena kupanga maselo a magazi kuchepa, munthu akhoza kudwala kwambiri kapena kufa. Pazifukwa monga kupuma kwa magazi , mafupa amasiya maselo a magazi omwe amafunikira thupi. Mu matenda monga khansa ya m'magazi , fupa la mafupa limapanga maselo osadziwika a magazi.
Cholinga cha kuika mafupa kumalowa m'malo mwa maselo osapangidwira kapena kubwezeretsa maselo osabvuta omwe ali ndi thanzi labwino.
Izi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchiza kapena kuchiza matendawa.
Kuphatikiza pa leukemias, ma lymphomas, ndi mapuloteni otsekula m'mimba, zimayendetsedwa ndi matenda ambiri, kuchokera ku ziwalo zolimba kupita ku matenda ena osakhala oipitsa mafupa, mpaka ku multiple sclerosis.
Pali mitundu iwiri yoyamba ya mafupa a mafupa, mavitamini autologous ndi mabenicellic.
Autologous Bone Marrow Kuika
Chigriki cha Chigriki "auto" chimatanthauza "wekha." Muwotchi, wopereka ndi munthu amene adzalandire. Njirayi, yomwe imatchedwanso "kupulumutsira kupulumutsidwa" imaphatikizapo kuchotsa maselo anu ammunsi ndikuwamasula. Kenako mumalandira mankhwala akuluakulu othandizira mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti mankhwalawa asakanike. Angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza ma leukemias, ma-lymphomas, kapena multipleeloma.
Allogenic Bone Marrow Kuika
Chigriki cha Chigriki "allo" chimatanthauza "zosiyana" kapena "zina." M'kuphatikiza kwa mafupa a mitsempha, woperekayo ndi munthu wina amene ali ndi maonekedwe ofanana ndi munthu amene akufunika kumuika. Chifukwa mitundu ya minofu imatengedwa, yofanana ndi mtundu wa tsitsi kapena mtundu wa maso, ndizotheka kuti mumapeze wothandizira wina m'banja, makamaka mbale wanu. Tsoka ilo, izi zimangokhala 25 mpaka 30 peresenti ya nthawiyo.
Ngati wachibale sagwirizana ndi wolandira, deta ya National Regrow Donor Program Registry ingasakale munthu wosagwirizana amene mtundu wake uli pafupi kwambiri. N'zosakayikitsa kuti wopereka amene amachokera ku fuko kapena mtundu umodzi monga wolandirayo adzakhala ndi makhalidwe ofanana.
Phunzirani zambiri za kupeza wopereka kwa sitirolo yopangira maselo .
Mafomu a Bone Marrow Stem Stells
Maselo a mafupa a mafupa angapezeke m'njira zitatu zoyambirira. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Kukolola kwa mkaka : M'kukolola kwa mafupa, maselo amkati amasonkhanitsidwa mwachindunji ku mafupa.
- Apheresis kapena leukapheresis : Mu apheresis, maselo amtundu amasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku pulogalamu yozungulira maselo a magazi (PBSC). Mzere wodula umayikidwa mu dzanja lako mofanana ngati iwe ukanati upereke magazi.
- Mitsempha ya umbilical: Mitsempha ya tsinde ingapezedwe ndi magazi mu umbilical chingwe mwana atangobereka (kugwiritsira ntchito ndalama zamagazi.) Popeza kuti maselo amenewa amakhala opanda mphamvu, palibe chosowa chokhala ndi machesi abwino.
Mitundu yambiri ya maselo amtunduwu imagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito PBSC yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa ndi apheresis ( njira yowonongeka ya magazi .) Njira iyi ikuwoneka kuti ikupereka zotsatira zabwino kwa wopereka ndi wolandira. Pangakhalebe zochitika zomwe zimachitika mwambo wokolola mafupa.
Zimene Donor Experiences
Kupatsa maselo ofunika kapena mafupa a mafupa ndi osavuta. Kawirikawiri, zopereka zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira maselo osambira (PBSC) omwe amasonkhanitsidwa ndi apheresis. Choyamba, wopereka amalandira jekeseni wa mankhwala kwa masiku angapo omwe amachititsa kuti timiso timene timatuluka mumphuno ndi m'magazi. Pogwiritsa ntchito selo lamasitomu, woperekayo amagwirizana ndi makina ndi singano yomwe imayikidwa mumsana (monga kupereka magazi). Magazi amatengedwa kuchokera mu mitsempha, osankhidwa ndi makina kuti asonkhanitse maselo ofunika, kenako abwereranso kwa wopereka kudzera mu singano mdzanja lina. Pali pafupifupi kusowa kwa nthawi yowonzanso ndi njirayi.
Ngati maselo amathithi amasonkhanitsidwa ndi kukolola mafuta a mitsempha (makamaka zochepa), woperekayo amapita ku chipinda chogwiritsira ntchito ndipo atagona pansi pa anesthesia ndi singano adzalowetsedwa m'chiuno kapena m'mawere kuti atenge mafupa. Mukadzuka, pangakhale ululu umene udalowamo singano.
Zimene Ophunzira Amalandira
Kugwiritsira ntchito mafupa a mafupa kungakhale njira yovuta kwambiri kwa wolandira.
Gawo loyamba nthawi zambiri limalandira mankhwala ochepa kwambiri a mankhwala a chemotherapy ndi / kapena ma radiation kuti athetse mafupa alionse. Mwachitsanzo, ndi khansa ya m'magazi, choyamba chofunika kuchotsa maselo onse osapsa mafupa.
Kamodzi kake kamene mafupa amatha kuwonongedwa, maselo atsopano amagazi amajambulidwa mwachangu, mofanana ndi kuikidwa magazi. Maselo ofunikawo amapeza njira yopita ku fupa ndikuyamba kukula ndikupanga maselo ambiri (otchedwa engraftment ).
Pali mavuto ambiri omwe angakhalepo. Nthaŵi yovuta kwambiri nthawi zambiri pamene mafupa amawonongeka kotero maselo ochepa a magazi amakhalabe. Kuwonongeka kwa mafupa kumabweretsa chiwerengero chachikulu cha mitundu yonse ya maselo a magazi ( pancytopenia ). Popanda maselo oyera amagazi ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo matenda oteteza matendawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchipatala (kudzipatula). Maseŵera ochepa a maselo ofiira a magazi (magazi amagazi) nthawi zambiri amafunika kuika magazi pamene akudikira kuti maselo atsopanowo ayambe kukula. Maseŵera ochepa a mapalelet ( thrombocytopenia ) m'magazi amachititsa kuti magazi alowe mkati.
Zomwe zimachitika pakati pa 40 mpaka 80 peresenti ya olandila ndizogwirizanitsa matenda . Izi zimachitika pamene maselo oyera a m'magazi (T cells) m'maselo operekedwa (ophatikizira) amayambitsa ziphuphu m'modzi (wolandira), ndipo akhoza kuopseza moyo.
Njira ina yomwe imatchedwa kuti osakaniza mongoablative mafupa a mitsempha kapena " kusinthitsa mafupa " ndi zosiyana. Mwa njirayi, mankhwala ochepa a mankhwala a chemotherapy amaperekedwa kuti asawononge konse kapena kuti "ablate" fupa la mafupa monga momwe amachitira kuperekera mafupa. Njira imeneyi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa munthu wamkulu kapena mwina sangalekerere ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe. Pachifukwa ichi, kuika ndikugwira ntchito mosiyana ndikuchiza matendawa. M'malo mokhala mafupa, fupa loperekedwa likhoza kuyambitsa maselo a khansa omwe atsala m'thupi mwa njira yomwe imatchedwa "kuphatikizapo malungo."
Kodi Mukufunitsitsa Kupereka Bone Marrow?
Ngati mukufuna kukhala wopereka wodzipereka, ndondomekoyi ndi yolunjika komanso yosavuta. Aliyense yemwe ali pakati pa zaka 18 ndi 60 komanso wathanzi akhoza kukhala wopereka. Pali mawonekedwe kuti mudzaze ndi chitsanzo cha magazi kuti mupereke; mungapeze zambiri zomwe mukuzifuna pa webusaiti ya Pulogalamu ya Ndalama ya Amayi a National Marrow. Mungathe kujowina galimoto yopereka ndalama kumudzi wanu kapena kupita ku dera la donor kuti mukayesedwe magazi.
Munthu akadzipereka kuti akhale wopereka ndalama, zizindikiro zake zamagazi, monga momwe zimayesedwa ndi mayeso apadera a magazi (test histocompatibility antigen), zinalembedwa mu Registry. Izi "mawonekedwe a minofu" ndi osiyana ndi a A, B, kapena O a mtundu wa magazi. Mauthenga a Registry amakhalanso ndi mauthenga othandizira othandizira, ngati mafanidwe a mtunduwo apangidwa.
Pansi
Mafupa a mafupa amatha kukhala autologous (kuchokera kwa inu) kapena allogeneic (kuchokera kwa munthu wina.) Maselo amagazi amapezedwa kuchokera ku magazi ammimba, kukolola mafuta a m'mafupa kapena kuchokera ku mwazi wamagazi umene umasungidwa pa kubadwa.
Kwa wopereka, ntchitoyo ndi yophweka. Kwa wothandizira, zingakhale zovuta komanso zovuta, makamaka ngati mankhwala apamtima amafunika kwambiri kuti athetse mafupa. Zovuta zimakhala zofala ndipo zimatha kuphatikizapo matenda, kutuluka m'magazi, ndi kuphatikizana ndi matenda pakati pa ena.
Izi zinati, mafupa a mafupa amatha kupatsa ndi kuchiritsa matenda ena omwe kale anali ophana. Ngakhale kupeza wopereka ndalama kunali kovuta kwambiri m'mbuyomo, ndondomeko yothandizira anthu a mtundu wa National Marrow yowonjezera kuti anthu ambiri opanda mamembala omwe ali nawo amatha kukhala ndi mafupa a mafupa.
> Zotsatira:
> American Society of Clinical Oncology. Cancer.Net. Kodi Kugwiritsira Ntchito Mtundu Wambiri Wosambira (Bone Marrow Transplant) ndi chiyani? Kusinthidwa 01/16. Chilombochi
> National Library of Medicine. MedlinePlus. Kugwidwa kwa mafupa a mafupa. Kusinthidwa 10/03/17. https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003009.htm