Mankhwala osamva kupweteka kwambiri, omwe amatchedwa kuti NSAID (omwe amatchulidwa kuti ndi-sayds), ndi ena mwa mankhwala omwe amaperekedwa, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda a mitsempha monga nyamakazi, bursitis, ndi tendonitis. Mankhwalawa amapezeka pompano (mwachitsanzo, Ibuprofen, Motrin, Aleve) kapena ngati mankhwala (monga Celebrex, DayPro, Relafen).
NSAID zimathandiza pazitsitsimutso zonse (analgesia), komanso kuchepetsa kutupa (anti-inflammatory).
Momwe Amagwirira Ntchito
Mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuchepetsa kutupa amabwera m'magulu akulu awiri:
- Steroids (monga Cortisone )
- Mankhwala Osamva Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory (NSAIDs)
Mankhwala otchedwa steroid ogwiritsidwa ntchito pochizira kutupa ndi ochokera ku hormone yachilengedwe yomwe imapangidwa ndi thupi lotchedwa cortisol. Palinso mitundu ina ya ma steroid (kuphatikizapo cholesterol ndi mahomoni ogonana), koma gulu lachitatu ndi mankhwala odana ndi zotupa. Mankhwala a steroid angaperekedwe pamlomo, mwachangu, kapena monga jekeseni weniyeni , monga momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito m'matenda.
NSAID zimayesetsa kuletsa zotsatira za puloteni yotchedwa cyclooxygenase. Enzyme imeneyi ndi yofunika kwambiri m'thupi lanu kupanga prostaglandin. Ndi prostaglandin yomwe imayambitsa kutupa ndikumva ululu mu matenda monga nyamakazi kapena bursitis. Chifukwa chotsutsana ndi ntchito ya cyclooxygenase, mumachepetsa kupanga prostaglandins, ndipo mumachepetsanso kupweteka ndi kutukuka komwe kumagwirizana ndi izi.
Zambiri, zolondola?
Chabwino, pali zambiri kwa izo. Prostaglandins imakhalanso ndi ntchito zina zofunika m'thupi. Mtundu umodzi wa prostaglandin (pali mitundu yambiri) imathandiza kulumikiza mmimba ndi kuteteza madzi (otchedwa mimba mucosa). Pamene anthu atenga mankhwala a NSAID, kutulutsa madzi oterewa kungachepetse, ndipo anthu ena ali pachiopsezo chokhala ndi zilonda zam'mimba.
Zatsopano / mankhwalawa NSAIDs Ndibwino?
Zaka zingapo zapitazi, mankhwala atsopano abwera pamsika; izi zimatchulidwa kuti COX-2 inhibitors . Kumbukirani kuti NSAID zonse zimagwira ntchito motsutsana ndi cyclooxygenase (COX). NSAID zachikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo, Ibuprofen, Motrin, Aleve) zimatsutsana ndi COX-1 ndi COX-2. COX-1 ndi COX-2 ndi mitundu iŵiri ya ma cyymyxygenase yomwe imagwira ntchito m'thupi lanu. Mankhwala atsopano (monga Celebrex) amagwira ntchito kwambiri motsutsana ndi COX-2, ndipo amalola COX-1 kuti ikhale yoyenera. Chifukwa COX-1 ndi yofunika kwambiri popanga chipangizo chotetezera m'matumbo anu (gastric mucosa), ma NSAID atsopanowa amakhulupirira kuti sangakhale ndi chiwopsezo chachikulu choyambitsa zilonda zam'mimba.
Izi zati, ma NSAID atsopano sanawonetsere kuti azigwira ntchito yabwinoko motsutsana ndi mankhwala a COX-2. Choncho, COX-2 inhibitors ili ndi phindu lokhala ndi zotsatira zochepa, koma osati mpumulo wabwino wa zizindikiro.
Zotsatira za NSAID
NSAID ingapezeke pa-counter-counter, koma sizikutanthauza kuti ali ndi zotsatira zina zoopsa. Zotsatira zofala kwambiri ndikumva kupweteka kwa m'mimba. Choyambitsa ichi chikuganiziridwa kuti ndicho chifukwa cha zotsatira pamimba. Ngati kukwiya kuli koopsa, kungachititse kuti zilonda zamagazi zikhale ndi mavuto, ndipo zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.
Musanayambe kumwa mankhwala a NSAID muyenera kulankhula ndi dokotala wanu. Onetsetsani kuti adziwe dokotala wanu za mavuto ena azachipatala omwe mumakhala nawo, makamaka kupatsirana kwa mtima, matenda a mphumu, impso, kapena m'mimba. Kuwonjezera apo, dokotala wanu adziwe mankhwala ena omwe mungakhale nawo, ndipo ngati muli ndi vuto lina lililonse la mankhwala.
NSAID sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati:
- Iwe uli ndi pakati
- Mukuyamwitsa
- Muli ndi mbiri ya zilonda zam'mimba
- Mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochepetsa magazi
NSAID ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha kuyang'aniridwa ndi madokotala ngati:
- Muli ndi mphumu
- Muli ndi vuto la chiwindi
- Muli ndi mavuto a mtima
- Muli ndi mavuto a impso
Pansi: Kodi NSAIDs Zili Otetezeka?
Mankhwala otsutsana ndi kutupa ndi otetezeka kwambiri ndipo angathe kukhala ogwira mtima kwambiri. Kawirikawiri zotsatira zimatha kupezeka ndi ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa. Izi zikuti, mankhwalawa ali ndi zotsatirapo ndipo sangagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi munthu aliyense. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kutupa angathe kupeza NSAID kuti ikhale yothandiza, muyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala nthawi zonse ngati mukuganiza kuti muyambe kumwa mankhwalawa.
Zotsatira:
Berger, RG "Mankhwala osakanikirana ndi osagwira ntchito: Osankha Zochita Zabwino" J. Am. Acad. Ortho. Opaleshoni., Oct 1994; 2: 255 - 260.
van Tulder MW, et al. "Osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe alibe anti-inflammatory The Cochrane Database of Reviewed Reviews 2006 Issue 1.