Zojambula Zowawa Zachizindikiro
Prostaglandins ndi mahomoni omwe amachititsa chidwi kwambiri pazimene zimayambitsa thupi m'thupi lanu. Zili ndi zotsatira zabwino komanso zoipa pa thanzi lanu. M'mawu ena, prostaglandins amachititsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso amalimbikitsanso matenda.
Zolinga
Zinthu zochepazi zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mafuta acids, ndipo zimagwira ntchito zambiri.
Zina mwa ntchitozi zikuphatikizapo, mwachitsanzo, vasodilation ndi vasoconstriction. Vasodilation ndi vasoconstriction ndi, mwachindunji, njira yokha ya magazi yotsegula ndi kutseka. Zina zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kowonongeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mpweya uziyenda bwino, kuthamanga kwa magazi, kupweteka kwa chiberekero, kutentha thupi, komanso kusungunula matenda monga mimba yako.
Pamodzi ndi zinthu zomwe zili m'mndandandawu, prostaglandin amachititsa kuti munthu azivutika komanso amatha kutupa, njira ziwiri zomwe zimakhudza pafupifupi munthu aliyense amene amachita ndi khosi kapena vuto lakumbuyo.
Malinga ndi wolemba 2003 mu Nature Structural Biology , pali mitundu 24 ya prostaglandins.
Mankhwala Amene Amagwiritsa Ntchito Prostaglandins
Chifukwa prostaglandin amathandiza kwambiri poyambitsa ndi kupitiriza kutupa, mankhwala ambiri akhala akukonzedwa pazaka zomwe akuyenera kuchita. Mankhwala awa amaonedwa kuti ndi othandiza komanso otsika mtengo, ndipo anthu kuzungulira dziko lonse lapansi mpaka mmbuyomu akhala akutembenukira kwa iwo kuti awathandize.
Kalekale, khungwa la msondodzi linkagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa ululu ndi kuchepetsa kutentha kwa thupi, ndipo masiku ano ambiri azitsamba zamtendere amalimbikitsa chomera ichi kwa makasitomala awo. M'zaka za m'ma 1820, chogwiritsidwa ntchito popangira makungwa a msondodzi kunatsimikiziridwa kuti ndi salicylic acid. Koma pamene odwala ali ndi vuto lalikulu la m'mimba, kuphatikizapo kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusanza, chifukwa cha kumwa salicylic acid, acetylsalicylic acid anayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo mwake.
M'zaka za m'ma 1890, acetylsalicylic acid inayamba pa msika monga aspirin ndi kampani yomwe imadziwika kuti Bayer.
COX Inhibitor Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
M'zaka za m'ma 1960 mankhwala omwe amatchedwa phenylolkanoic acid anapezeka kuti achepetse kutupa ndi ululu. Mankhwalawa amachititsa zimenezi poletsa mavitamini a cyclooxygenase, kapena COX. (COX enzymes amayamba kuchita mofulumira m'zaka za prostaglandin.) "Painkillers ndi prostaglandins" inati pali atsikana atatu a COX omwe atulukira: COX 1 yomwe imateteza thirakiti lanu la GI, COX 2, yomwe imathandiza kuti kutupa, malungo , ndi ululu, ndi COX 3 yomwe imapezeka makamaka mu ubongo. Makampani odziwika bwino a COX inhibitors (omwe ali pamsika) chifukwa cha ululu ndi kutupa-mtundu wotengedwa ndi anthu omwe ali ndi ululu kapena ululu wopweteka-umakhala aspirin ndi ibuprofen ( Advil ). Aspirin ndi Advil zimaletsa onse awiri COX 1 ndi COX 2 michere. Zomwe zimadziwika za mankhwalawa ndi zilonda zam'mimba komanso zimatuluka magazi m'mimba.
Advil akubwereranso ndi chiopsezo cha kupweteka kwa mtima ndi kupwetekedwa, mwatsoka.
Ndipotu, kupatulapo aspirin, mankhwala osachiritsika omwe sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anti-inflammatory (NSAIDs) amabwera ndi chenjezo la FDA la "bokosi lakuda" kuti kumwa mankhwalawo kumadzetsa chiopsezo cha matenda a mtima.
Mukhoza kukumbukira Vioxx ndi Bextra , omwe amachititsa kuti azipwetekedwa ndi mliri mu 2004. Zomwe mankhwalawa anachita ndizoletsa kokha mchere wa COX 2; kotero, iwo amadziwika kuti COX 2 inhibitors. Zopindulitsa zawo zinali zokhudzana ndi zotsatira za mmimba zatha; vuto linali kuti panthaŵi imodzimodzimodzi mankhwalawa anali kusangalala ndi malo otetezedwa pamsika, zinatsimikiziridwa kuti COX-2 inhibitors yowonjezera chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a mtima komanso kupha ziwalo.
Mu September wa 2004, Merck adafuna kukopa Vioxx pamsika. Mu April 2005, a FDA adalamula Pfizer kupanga mankhwala kuti amuchotse Bextra pamsika koma analola Celebrex (Celecoxib) kukhalapo mpaka lero.
Mawu ochokera
Ndizodziwika bwino kuti kutupa ndiko kumayambitsa matenda ambiri amasiku ano, kuphatikizapo ululu wosatha. Zimadziwikanso kuti kumwa mankhwala kuthana ndi mavuto okhudzana ndi kutupa kungabweretse mavuto, ena mwa iwo angathe kukhala ovuta, ndithudi.
Kuti athetse zimenezi, ambiri othandizira zaumoyo, odwala, ndi ochizira mankhwala akuchirikiza kapena kutsatira zakudya zotsutsa. Nkhani ina yofalitsidwa ku Harvard Women's Health Watch inanena kuti kafukufuku wambiri wasonyeza kuti zakudya zimakhala ndi zotsutsana ndi zotupa.
Kudziwa zomwe zingathandize kupanga maziko a zakudya zomwe zingathandize kuthana ndi zotsatira za kutupa.
Anthu ena amatenga zitsamba zotsutsa kapena zotupa, monga makungwa a msondodzi, omwe adakambidwa pamwambapa.
> Zotsatira:
> Mkonzi. Painkillers ndi prostaglandins. Nature Structural Biology. 2003
> Harvard Women's Health Watch. Zakudya zomwe zimalimbana ndi kutupa August 2017.
> Ricciotti, E., PhD, FitzGerald, Garret A., MD. Prostaglandins ndi Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. May 2011.