Kutaya Mphamvu Yowonjezera Maulendo Akutali
Anthu omwe ali ndi vuto lakumva kwambiri samamva kulira kwapamwamba, monga kumveka ngati makalata s, h ndi f. Izi zingakulepheretseni kuti mumvetsetse mawu.
Pazithunzi, maulendo amachokera pamunsi mpaka kufika pamwamba. Tanthauzo la maulendo apamwamba amasiyana. Akatswiri ena amaganiza kuti 2000 Hertz (2kHz) kukhala maulendo apamwamba.
Mitsinje yapamwamba imachokera ku 2000 Hertz kupita ku 8000 Hertz. (1000 Hz imaonedwa kuti ndiyambirikati.)
Mwachidule
Kutaya kumvetsera kwapamwamba kumakhudza momwe munthu amatha kumvetsetsa mawu. Izi zimachitika chifukwa ma consonants (s, h, f) ali ndi phokoso lapamwamba lomwe limakhala kuchokera ku 1,500 mpaka 6,000 Hertz. Kumva kutayika pafupipafupi kumatanthauza kuti zikumveka zovuta kuzindikira. Kwa ana, izi zikhoza kukhala ndi zotsatira zolakwika pa maphunziro awo chifukwa chosamvetsetsa mawu m'kalasi.
Mkhalidwe wa Mavuto
Pofuna kupeza kuti ndi anthu angati omwe ali ndi vuto lakumvetsera , ofufuza anayerekezera deta kuchokera pa Phunziro la National Health Examination Study 1959-1962 ku data kuchokera mu 1999-2004 Phunziro la National Health and Nutrition Examination Study. Pogwiritsira ntchito chiŵerengero, anapeza kuti akuluakulu posachedwapa amamva bwino poyerekeza ndi akuluakulu pophunzira.
Pa kafukufuku wa achinyamata, ofufuza anayerekeza deta kuchokera ku kafukufuku wachitatu wa zaumoyo ndi zowona za zakudya (NHANES) kwa 1988-1994, ku data kuchokera mu kafukufuku wa 2005-2006 NHANES.
Onsewa anali ndi zaka 12 mpaka 19.
Ofufuzawa adapeza kuti kuyambira chaka cha 2005 mpaka chaka cha 2006, kutayika kwakumvetsera kwapadera kunali kofala kwambiri ndipo achinyamata ambiri amamva kusiyana ndi achinyamata omwe anaphunzira kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980 ndi m'ma 1990. (Ofufuzawa amamasulira maulendo apamwamba monga Hertz 3000 mpaka 8000.) Kufala kwa kutaya kwakumvetsera kwapamwamba kunangokhala 12.8 peresenti mu gulu loyambirira; koma kuyambira 2005 mpaka 2006, anali 16,4 peresenti.
Izi zinkawoneka ngati "zopambana kwambiri" ndi ofufuza.
Pofufuza, ochita kafukufuku sanapeze kusiyana kulikonse pakati pa phokoso pakati pa kafukufukuwo koma anafotokoza kuti achinyamata amayamba kunena zachinyengo ndipo saona kuti ali ndi phokoso. Choncho, kudumpha kumvetsera kwachinyamata pakati pa achinyamata kungakhale chisonyezero cha kuwonjezeka kwakumveka phokoso, zomwe zimayambitsa kumva kutuluka kwa phokoso.
Zimayambitsa
Phokoso silolokha limene limayambitsa kumva kutayika kwapamwamba. Pali zifukwa zambiri. Zimayambitsa ukalamba (presbycusis), genetics, ototoxicity (monga chemotherapy mankhwala), ndi matenda ndi syndromes. Palinso akuganiza kuti zimayambitsa matenda a shuga.
Kupewa
Pali njira zothetsera kutaya kwakumvetsera kwapamwamba. Anthu okhudzidwa ndi zoopsa angathe kulingalira njira zosiyanasiyana zothandizira kumva, monga mapuloteni.
Utsogoleri
Zothandizira kumvetsetsa zingatenge mkokomo wafupipafupi ndikuzichepetsa. Pali njira ziwiri zochitira izi. Njira yoyamba, yotchedwa "frequency transposition", imatengera mphamvu zowonjezereka ndipo imawatsogolera kufupipafupi, zomwe zimachititsa kusanganikirana kwa phokoso lopangidwa (kusunthira) ndi phokoso lachitsulo chosachepera.
Njira inayo, yotchedwa nonlinear frequency compression, amagwiritsa ntchito chiŵerengero cha kupanikizika pa phokoso lamtundu wapamwamba kuti chichepetse, koma sichisuntha, motero sichimasakanikirana ndi mafupipafupi. Ngati mukukhulupirira kuti mukukumva kutayika kwa mtundu umenewu, kuwona katswiri wa zamagetsi ndi wofunikira.
Kuchiza
Kutaya kwakumva kwapamwamba kumatha kusamalidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zothandizira kumva ndi ziphuphu zachitsulo . N'zoona kuti kuphunzira chinenero chamanja ndi luso lolemba mabuku kungathandizenso.
Zotsatira:
Anthu a ku America Amamva bwino Kapena Amakhala Olibwino Masiku Ano Kuyerekeza ndi Zaka 40 Zomwe Akumva: Kumva Zopinga Zomwe Zili M'gulu la Anthu Okalamba Osatetezedwa ku United States, 1959-1962 ndi 1999-2004. Kumvetsera ndi Kumva. December 2010 - Voliyumu 31 - Nkhani 6 - pp 725-734
Kulemala Kwakukula: Kumva Kutayika. Maofesi a Kuletsa ndi Kuteteza Matenda. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/dd/hi2.htm
Glista, Danielle MSc; Susan Scollie, PhD; Melissa Polonenko, MCISc; ndi Jacob Sulkers, BA. Kuyerekeza kwa Kuchita kwa Ana ndi Mapulogalamu Osakanikirana Omwe Sagwedezeka. Kumvetsera Kukambitsirana. November 2009.
Shargorodsky, Josef, Sharon G. Curhan, Gary C. Curhan, Roland Eavey. Kusintha kwa Kukula kwa Kumva kwa Amuna a ku America a JAMA. 2010; 304 (7): 772-778.
Simpson, A. Zida zochepetsera pafupipafupi zothandizira kutaya kwakumva kwafupipafupi: ndemanga. 2009 Jun; 13 (2): 87-106.