Zinthu Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Anthu Papillomavirus (HPV)

Ngakhale kumvetsetsa kwakukulu kwa anthu, malingaliro olakwika amakhalabe

Papillomavirus yaumunthu (HPV) ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamene kakufala kudzera mu khungu ndi khungu. HPV ili ndi mavairasi osiyana oposa 100 omwe makina osachepera 30 amathandizidwa ndi chitukuko cha khansa. Ndipotu, opitirira 96 ​​peresenti ya khansa yapachibelekero ndi 93 peresenti ya khansa ya khansa imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri ya HPV.

Khansa ya penile ndi khansara ya oropharyngeal (kansa ya pakati pa mmero pambuyo kwa lilime) imayanjananso ndi mavuto akuluakulu.

Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri akudziwa za kachilombo ka HIV ndi katemera kuti ateteze , pangakhale chisokonezo chachikulu cha HPV. Izi sizingangowonjezera kuchepetsa chithandizo ngati mukusowa zizindikiro za matenda, ndipo zingakuike pangozi ya kupeza kapena kufalitsa kachilombo kwa ena

Nazi mfundo 9 zomwe aliyense ayenera kudziwa zokhudza papillomavirus yaumunthu:

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HPV Ndi Yovomerezeka Kwambiri kuposa Yemwe Mungaganize

Akuti anthu oposa 20 miliyoni a ku America ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, ndipo amachititsa kuti matendawa azigwiritsidwa ntchito masiku onse ku US

Malingana ndi Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), pakati pa akuluakulu a zaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 69, 42.5 peresenti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi 7.3 peresenti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV

Ndizofala kwambiri, kuti, ochita kafukufuku amakhulupirira kuti pafupifupi anthu onse opatsirana amakhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV pa nthawi ina.

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Simukufunikira Kugonana Kuti Mupeze HPV

HPV imafalitsidwa pogonana pogwiritsa ntchito khungu ndi khungu. Izi siziyenera kuwonetsa kuti kugonana ndi njira yokhayo yotenga matenda. Ndipotu, palibe vuto lililonse loyambitsa matendawa, ndipo malo aliwonse osaphimbidwa ndi kondomu angathe kutenga kachilomboka.

Kawirikawiri, chiwerewere ndi kugonana ndizo ntchito zomwe zimakhudzana kwambiri ndi kutumiza kwa HPV. Ngakhale kuti sichidziwikiratu, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kupitsidwanso kudzera mu kugonana kwa m'kamwa. Zowopsa zimangowonjezereka ngati muli ndi zibwenzi zambiri kapena kugonana ndi munthu yemwe wakhala ndi zibwenzi zambiri.

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Si mitundu ya HPV yomwe imayambitsa khansa

HPV ndi gulu la mavairasi opitirira 100. Ena ali ndi mitsempha yapamwamba yowonongeka ndi khansa; Zina ndi mitundu yochepa yomwe imadziwika kuti imawombera.

Matendawa omwe amawoneka kuti ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu ndi mitundu 16 ndi 18 yomwe palimodzi imayimirira asanu peresenti ya matenda onse a khansa padziko lonse lapansi.

Pali zambiri zomwe zimachitika pakati pa anthu ambiri kuti zida zogonana ndizomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Izi siziri choncho. Matenda a HPV omwe amachititsa kuti tizirombo toyambitsa matenda tisagwiritsidwe ntchito chifukwa cha khansa.

Ndikunenedwa kuti, kukhala ndi chiwopsezo chotere sikuyenera kunena kuti "muli otetezeka." Anthu akhoza kutenga kachilombo ka mitundu yambiri ya HPV, ndipo mawonekedwe a khungu ayenera kukhala chizindikiro chenichenjezo chotheka kuti akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto aakulu.

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Pali katemera koma palibe mankhwala a HPV

Mitundu ya HPV yomwe imayambitsa matenda opatsirana pogonana ndi khansara ya chiberekero imatha kusamalidwa koma siyachiritsidwa. Mofananamo, mipikisano ya m'mimba imatha kuchiritsidwa mwa kuwachotsa, koma kuchotsedwa kwawo sikungathetseratu kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.

Ngakhale pali katemera lero zomwe zingathe kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha HPV kwa anyamata ndi atsikana, siziteteza katemera ndipo sizingathetseretu kachilombo ka HIV kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.

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Anthu Ambiri Amene Ali ndi HPV Alibe Zizindikiro

Simungadziwe ngati wina ali ndi HPV mwa kuwayang'ana kapena kufunafuna zida zogonana. Izo sizigwira ntchito mwanjira imeneyo. Anthu ambiri sakhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda ndipo amatha kudziwa za vutoli ngati ali ndi zotsatira zolakwika za Pap smear.

Koma, ngakhale kwa anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro, nthawi zambiri amanyalanyazidwa kapena osamvetsetsedwa. Kafukufuku wina wopangidwa ndi National Cancer Institute anawonetsa kuti oposa theka la amayi omwe ali ndi ziwalo zogonana sanadziwe kuti anali ndi HPV, pomwe ali pansi pa awiri pa atatu aliwonse sakudziwa kuti HPV ingayambitse khansara.

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Katemera wa HPV Sungateteze Mavuto Onse

Katemera atatu a HPV omwe amavomerezedwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku US akhoza kuteteza ena koma osati mavuto onse omwe ali pangozi:

• Gardasil imateteza mitundu iwiri yowonjezereka ndi ziwiri zomwe zimachititsa 9 peresenti ya zida zonse zoberekera.
• Gardasil 9 imateteza kuzinyalala zina zisanu.
• Cervarix imateteza matenda awiri omwe amawopsa kwambiri koma sichiteteza ku ziwalo zogonana.

Ngakhale kuti katemerawa amapereka chitetezo chokwanira, amatha kuchepa kwa amayi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV omwe kawirikawiri amagwidwa ndi khansara ya chiberekero chifukwa cha mtundu wa HPV wodwala.

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Kuyezetsa HIV ndikosiyana kwa Akazi ndi Amuna

Mayeso a HPV akhoza kuchitidwa kwa amayi komanso mapepala a Pap pamene ali ndi matenda opatsirana pogonana. Bungwe la US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) likuvomerezanso kuyesedwa kawirikawiri m'magulu awa:

• Azimayi 30 mpaka 65 ayenera kukhala ndi mayeso a Pap komanso kafukufuku wa HPV zaka zisanu.
• Azimayi osapitirira 30 sasowa kuyang'ana HPV koma akhoza kuyesedwa pamaso pa zotsatira zapap smear zosavomerezeka.

Kwa amuna, panopa palibe pulogalamu ya HPV yomwe imapezeka kuti ipeze HIV HPV. Komabe, madokotala ena akhoza kuyesa kafukufuku wa HPV pamagulu a ana a Pap omwe ali amuna omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu (komanso akazi) omwe amagonana nawo.

CDC kapena USPSTF sizinapereke malingaliro alionse pokhudzana ndi kuwonetseratu zithunzi za anal Pap mwamunthu kapena abambo.

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Madokotala Ena Akulepheretsa Kuyezetsa HPV

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe mabungwe a zaumoyo sakufunira kupereka ndondomeko zoyesayesa zowonongeka ndi kuti ubwino wa kuyesayesa kwa HPV sikunakayikirebe.

Ngakhale kuyesera kwa HPV ndi chisonyezero chabwino chakuti simungapeze khansa, zotsatira zabwino nthawi zambiri sizikutanthauza kanthu. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti matenda ambiri a HPV amatha zaka ziwiri opanda mavuto. Choncho, zotsatira zabwino zingayambitse mavuto ambiri kuposa zofunikira kapena zofufuza zachipatala zomwe sizikufunikira.

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Katemera wa HPV Sungokhala Wachinyamata Wokha

CDC imayamikira katemera wa HPV kwa anyamata ndi atsikana kuyambira ali ndi zaka khumi ndi ziwiri kapena khumi ndi ziwiri (12) kapena khumi ndi ziwiri (12) kapena khumi ndi ziwiri (12). Iwo amavomereza kugwiritsa ntchito kwa amayi a zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 26 ndi amuna a zaka zapakati pa 13 ndi 21 omwe sanatengepo kale katemera.

Koma, chifukwa chakuti muli ndi zaka zoposa 26 sizikutanthauza kupewa katemera. Amuna ogonana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha, anthu osiyana nawo, komanso anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV (pakati pawo ndi omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV) ndi ena mwa magulu omwe CDC imalimbikitsa kuti atenge katemera pakapita nthawi.

Ngati mumadzikhulupirira nokha kuti muli ndi chiopsezo chachikulu cha khansa ya mkaka kapena khansa, musazengereze kufunsa dokotala wanu. Ndizovuta, zosavuta, komanso zimagula pafupifupi $ 100 (zomwe inshuwalansi zingaphimbe).

> Zosowa

• > Zomwe Zingathetsere Kudwala ndi Kuteteza Matenda (CDC). "Kukula kwa HPV ku Akuluakulu Aged 18-69: United States, 2011-2014." NHCS Data Mwachidule. 2017; 208: 1-8.
• > Koshiol, J .; Finney-Rutten, L .; Moser, R .; et al. "Kudziwa za Papillomavirus ya Anthu: Kusiyanasiyana ndi Chithandizo Chodzidzimvera Chodziwika kwa Zilombo Zachibadwidwe ndi Chikhalidwe cha Anthu." J Health Commun. 2009; 14 (4): 331-345.
• > US of Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF). "Khansa yachiberekero: Kuwunika." Rockville, Maryland; March 2012.