Kusokonezeka kwa Chilakolako Chowotchera Kugonana, Chikondi, ndi Chidwi
Ziribe kanthu zomwe mwamva, simukukonda chirichonse ndi mtima wanu wonse. Mumakonda kuchokera kumalo osungira malo anu, hypothalamus, nucleus accumbens, ndi mbali zina zofunika za ubongo.
Zaka makumi awiri zapitazi, asayansi agwirizana ndi magulu a ndakatulo, akatswiri ofufuza nzeru zapamwamba, ojambula zithunzi, ndi ena omwe akuyesetsa kumvetsa njira za chikondi.
Njira za sayansi zowunika momwe ubongo umakhudzira chikondi pakati pa zinyama zamayesero ku kafukufuku wamakono kuti apange njira zamakono zowonjezereka, monga maginito opangira maginito (fMRI) ndi positron emissive tomography (PET) .
Malingana ndi Dr. Helen Fisher, mmodzi mwa akatswiri ofufuza kwambiri pankhani ya chikondi chaumunthu, chikondi chingagawidwe muzinthu zitatu zazikulu za ubongo: kugonana, chikondi, ndi chiyanjano. Ndondomeko iliyonse imakhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana mu ubongo, kuphatikizapo zigawo zosiyana, mahomoni, ndi mazembera osiyana siyana pazochitika zosiyanasiyana.
Zogonana
Chilakolako chimachokera ku hypothalamus, chigawo cha ubongo chomwe chimayambitsanso zilakolako zazikulu monga njala ndi ludzu. The hypothalamus imagwirizana kwambiri ndi mavitamini omwe amachititsa kuti mtima wathu ukhale wothamanga komanso kuti timapuma mofulumira. Zovomerezeka zapadera pa hypothalamus ya mahomoni monga testosterone - yomwe ilipo inunso, amayi - kulepheretsani kugwirizana kwa mitundu yonse ya maonekedwe.
Zotsatira zake ndizamphamvu, zodziwika bwino zoyenera kubereka.
Chikhalidwe cha Chikondi
Ichi ndi cholakwika pamabuku ambiri olemba ndakatulo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake okonda kumenyana ndi ankhondo, kusambira nyanja, kapena kuyenda makilomita mazana kuti akhale pamodzi. Mwa mawu, iwo ali okwera. Kafukufuku woganiza amatsimikizira okondedwa atsopano omwe ali ndi gawo lalikulu mu gawo la ventral tekatoal ndi nucleus accumbens, zomwe zimapereka mphotho zomwe zimawotcha poyambitsa mzere wa cocaine.
Madera amenewa ndi odzaza ndi dopamine, omwe amachititsa kuti tipeze mphotho. Mankhwala ena okhudzana ndi nkhawa ndi chisangalalo ndi okwezeka, monga cortisol, phenylephrine (omwe amapezeka mu chokoleti), ndi norepinephrine . Katswiri wotchedwa neurotransmitter wotchedwa serotonin ndi wochepa kwambiri pa chikondi choyambirira cha chikondi. Serotonin ingakhalenso yovuta kwambiri kuvutika maganizo kwambiri, kuvutika maganizo, ndi nkhawa. Chotsatira chake ndicho kufunafuna mwakufuna zofuna, kukhalabe ndi chiyembekezo chosatha, ngakhalenso kuledzera.
Njira Yokonda
Ichi ndichifukwa chake anthu ena amamatira limodzi pamene chisangalalo cha dopaminergic chachoka. Zinyama, mankhwala owopsa ndiwo oxytocin ndi vasopressin. Chochititsa chidwi, kuti mankhwalawa amachititsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi maganizo omwewo.
Ena angawone machitidwe omwe ali pamwambawa ndi mtundu wa chitukuko mu chiyanjano. Chilakolako choyamba ("hey, iye ndi wokongola"), ndiye chikondi ("Ndilemba nyimbo yachikondi"), kenako ukwati (calmer ndi cozier). Ngakhale ziri zoona kuti mbali izi za ubongo wathu ndi maubwenzi athu zimasintha pakapita nthawi, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti sichitha kanthu ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwirizana m'njira zofunika. Mwachitsanzo, oxytocin ndi vasopressin zimagwirizana ndi dopamine mphoto dongosolo.
Mwina ndichifukwa chake ndibwino kukonzanso chikondi nthawi ndi nthawi, kotero chikondi chimatha pachimake.
Kupwetekedwa mtima kapena kumutu?
Maubale amasintha. Nthawi zina zimasintha kukhala chinachake chomwe chimakhala kwamuyaya, ndipo kawirikawiri sichimatero. Ambiri a ife timakwatirana tisanalowe m'banja, kudutsa mndandanda wa maubwenzi musanayambe kukumana "limodzi." Ndipo zomvetsa chisoni, si zachilendo kuti "ameneyo" amakhala wokwatiwa kale.
Ochita kafukufuku amene atenga zithunzi za ubongo mwa anthu omwe atangotsala pang'ono kuwonetseratu zimasintha m'dera la ventral tegmental, ventral pallidum, ndi putamen, zomwe zonse zimakhudzidwa ngati mphotho sizikudziwika.
Ngakhale kuti izi zikhoza kuwerengera kwambiri mu phunziroli, kusatsimikizika kumakhala kofala pambuyo pake. Mipata ya orbitofrontal cortex yomwe ikukhudzana ndi khalidwe lodzikakamiza komanso kupsa mtima kumawunikira poyamba, ngakhale kuti ntchito yowonjezera ikhoza kutha nthawi. Mu 2011, ofufuza anafalitsa ntchito za MRI zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ubongo sulekanitse pakati pa kupweteka kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi ululu wa kuvulazidwa, ngakhale zotsatirazi ndi njira zomwe zafunsidwa. N'zosadabwitsa kuti kusintha kwa ma intaneti ena omwe amachititsa kuti vutoli likhale lopweteka kwambiri lakhala likuwonetsedwanso pambuyo panthawi yopuma.
Kusintha Maganizo
Nanga bwanji ngati chisinthiko chathandizira kupanga chizoloŵezi chogonana ndi nkhani yomwe nthawi zambiri imatsogolera ku mkangano wokondweretsa. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa amuna amabala mamiliyoni ochulukirapo kusiyana ndi amayi omwe amapanga mazira, pali lingaliro lakuti njira yothetsera abambo ya amayi idzakhala yowonjezera kwambiri kuteteza ndi kukulitsa mwayi wochepa wa kubereka omwe ali nawo, pamene "akukonzekera" kufalitsa mbewu zawo ponseponse.
Komabe, lingaliro ili ndi losavuta, chifukwa sililephera kuwerengera zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, m'zinthu zomwe kubereka mwana kumafunikira mgwirizano wa makolo, kugonana kwa mwamuna kapena mkazi kumakhala kofala. Dr. Helen Fisher wanena kuti "zaka zapakati pa zaka zinayi," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azitha kuthetsa ukwati m'chaka chachinayi chokwatirana ndi lingaliro lakuti ndi pamene mwana wadutsa pachiopsezo chaunyamata wawo ndipo akhoza kusamalidwa chifukwa ndi kholo limodzi. Mfundo "ya zaka zinayi" imakhala yosavuta. Mwachitsanzo, ngati banjali liri ndi mwana wina, nthawiyi ingaperekedwe kwa "zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri".
Komabe, palibe chilichonse chimene chimalongosola maanja omwe ali okondweretsa omwe amayenda limodzi palimodzi kupyolera mu miyoyo yawo yonse mpaka madzulo a zaka zawo. Ndikofunika kukumbukira momwe zovuta zokhudzira chikondi cha munthu. Chikhalidwe chathu, kulera kwathu, ndi moyo wathu wonse zimathandiza kusintha mankhwala ndi makinawa. Kuvuta kwa chikondi kumatanthauza kuti mafunso okhudza chikhalidwe cha chikondi adzapitiriza kukondweretsa ndakatulo, filosofi, ndi asayansi kwa zaka zambiri zikubwerazi.
Zotsatira:
A. de Boer, EM van Buel, GJ Ter Horst, Chikondi sichimangopsompsona: chiwonetsero cha sayansi ya chikondi pa chikondi ndi chikondi, Neuroscience Volume 201, 10 January 2012, Masamba 114-124
Kross E, Berman MG, Mischel W, Smith EE, Woweruza TD (2011) Zigawo zotsutsa zaumphawi zimakhala zofanana ndi zowawa za thupi. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 108: 6270-6275. Mfundo / Mzere Wathunthu Wopanda
Helen E Fisher, A Aron, D Mashek, H Li, LL Brown. Kufotokozera machitidwe a ubongo okonda, kukopa ndi chikondi. Masamba Achiwerewere, October 31, 2002. (5): 314-9