Kodi NMDA Alandira Chiyani?

Zimene Iwo Ali & Nanga Zimakhudzidwa Bwanji ndi Matenda

Mwinamwake munamvapo za amtundu wa NMDA pamene mukuphunzira za matenda kapena mankhwala, koma mumamvetsa zomwe iwo ali komanso chifukwa chake ali ofunika?

Choyamba, zimathandiza kumvetsetsa tanthauzo la wolandira. Mu ubongo wanu muli ndi maselo otchedwa neurons. Awa ndiwo maselo omwe amatumiza ndi kulandira zikhumbo zamagetsi zomwe zimayendetsa thupi lanu.

Neurons ndi apadera-aliyense amangogwiritsa ntchito mitundu ina yazomwe akudziwa. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, neuron imodzi ikhoza kusuntha chidziwitso pa ululu ndi kutentha koma sizikugwirizana ndi malingaliro owona kapena kuphunzira zatsopano.

Mankhwala omwe amasuntha zinthu kuchokera ku neuron mpaka neuron amatchedwa neurotransmitters. Zina mwazodziwika bwino ndizo serotonin ndi dopamine. Othandiza anthu odwala matendawa amaphatikizapo mtundu wina wa chidziwitso, komanso. Mwachitsanzo, serotonin imakhudzidwa ndi kugona tulo, pamene dopamine imakhudza kusunthira ndi kuledzera.

Kuti khungu lanulo lizisuntha kupyolera mu neuron, choyamba muyenera "kutsegula" izo. Ndiko kumene amalandirira amalowa. Taganizani za zofunira ngati ngalawa kapena ma doko pa kompyuta yanu. Osati boti lirilonse limaphatikiza muzomwe zilizonse, ndipo palibe chingwe chilichonse chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa doko lililonse. Mapuloteni ali ndi makiyi omwe amatsegula zotsekemera pa mapuloteni a neuron, ndipo amalola kuti zidziwitso zizidutsa mumphuno mwanu.

Kodi NMDA Ovomerezeka Amatani?

NMDA imayimira N -methyl-D-aspartate, yomwe imalongosola mankhwala opangidwa ndi receptors. Ophunzira a NMDA akuphatikizidwa muzinthu zofunika kwambiri mu ubongo wanu. Amakhulupiriranso kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'matenda ambiri okhudzana ndi ubongo, ndipo ndizo zifukwa za mankhwala ena.

NMDA receptors ndi gawo lalikulu la zomwe zimatchedwa neuroplasticity, zomwe kwenikweni zimatanthauza momwe ubongo wathu ungathetsere ndi kusintha momwe angathere kuti adziwe zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kupanga njira zatsopano pakati pa neurons. Kuwonjezera pa kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, pulasitiki imalola ubongo wanu kukhazikitsa njira zatsopano pamene okalamba akuwonongedwa, monga kuvulala kapena matenda.

Pamene tikukalamba, mautumiki athu a NMDA mwachibadwa amakhala operewera. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kugwa kwa ntchitoyi ndi mbali ya kuchepa kwa zaka zapulasitiki, zomwe zimayambitsa kukhumudwa kwa chikumbumtima komanso kuchepa kwa kuphunzira.

NMDA receptors ndi chimodzi mwa zochepa zomwe zimalandira opiate / opioid painkillers mu ubongo wathu.

Ovomerezeka a NMDA ndi Ovomerezeka

Otsatira a NMDA akhoza kutsegulidwa (osatsegulidwa) mwa kumangiriza ndi zotsatizana za odwala matendawa, kuphatikizapo:

• Glutamate
• Aspartate
• Glycine
• D-serine

Ovomerezeka a NMDA amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi othandizira mauthengawa kuti akambirane ntchito mu ubongo wanu zomwe zimakuthandizani kuphunzira zatsopano komanso zochitika kukumbukira. Zimalimbikitsa ndi "kusangalatsa" ma neurons. Icho ndi chinthu chabwino, koma kokha mpaka pa mfundo.

Ngati ma neuroni amakhala mu nthawi yokondwa kwa nthawi yayitali kwambiri, iwo akhoza kudodometsedwa kwambiri ndikuyamba kugwira ntchito molakwika.

Pomalizira pake, iwo amatsimikizika kwambiri kuti amafa.

Kusokoneza maganizo kotereku kumatchedwa "excitotoxicity." Glutamate ndi aspartate, mopitirira muyeso, zonsezi zimasankhidwa ngati excitotoxins. Kuti tisunge excitotoxicity pakupha maselo athu a ubongo, ifenso timakhala ndi mphuno zapadera zomwe zimatontholetsa mitsempha. Iwo amatchedwa inhibitors.

Glycine, ubongo wina womwe umagwirizanitsa ndi obvomerezeka a NMDA, ndi choletsa mu msana, koma amakhulupirira kuti ndi wopatsa ubongo.

Pamene ubongo wathu uli wathanzi komanso wogwira ntchito moyenera, zokondweretsa ndi zoletsa ziwalo zazing'ono zimatha kusunga zinthu moyenera ndipo ma neurons athu sali pangozi yowonjezereka.

Komabe, pamene zinthu sizikuyenda bwino-mwachitsanzo, cholandira chimakhala chosagwira ntchito kapena chigawo cha neurotransmitter sichikwanitsa-ndiye tingayambe kutaya neurons kuti excitotoxicity.

Matupi athu sangathe kupanga ma neuroni atsopano, kotero akafa, tasiya magawo osasinthika a ubongo wathu. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti mavuto a NMDA akukumana nawo akuphatikizidwa m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana zamkati zamagulu a mitsempha, kuphatikizapo zambiri zomwe zimakhala zovuta.

Matenda ogwirizana ndi NMDA Receptor Malfunction

Matenda opatsirana pogonana omwe amakhulupirira kuti akugwirizanitsidwa ndi ziphuphu za NMDA zopanda ntchito zikuphatikizapo:

• Matenda a Alzheimer
• Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
• Matenda a Huntington
• Matenda a Parkinson
• Khunyu

Mchitidwe wina wamanjenje wamkati umakhala ndi chiganizo choti NMDA kutenga nawo mbali zikuphatikizapo:

• Fibromyalgia
• Matenda otopa nthawi zonse
• Migraine aura
• Mitundu ina ya mutu
• Nkhawa
• Kusokonezeka maganizo
• Schizophrenia
• Matenda osokoneza bongo
• Matenda osokoneza maganizo

Zina zomwe sizikuphatikizapo kuchepa kwa NMDA zothandizira angapindule ndi mankhwala omwe akuwongolera NMDAR, monga:

• Phobia
• Sitiroko
• Kupweteka kwa mitsempha yowonongeka ( nthenda ya ubongo )

Pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ozunguza bongo, amakhulupirira kuti amygdala (gawo la ubongo lomwe limachita mantha) aphunzitsenso mabungwe atsopano omwe amathandiza kuthetsa mantha.

Pa sitiroko, kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kuletsa glutamate kupyolera mwa obvomerezeka a NMDA kungathandize kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa maselo a ubongo chifukwa chosowa mpweya.

Mu ululu wa ubongo, mankhwalawa angathandize kuchepetsa zotsatira za painkillers chifukwa chochita nawo njira za opioid.

Mankhwala Okulinga Ovomerezeka NMDA

Kujambula ubongo ndi chinthu chonyenga, ndipo kuchiponyera kunja kungakhale koopsa kwambiri. Ngakhale ziri zomveka kuti chinachake chingakuthandizeni ndi zizindikiro zanu, ndizofunika kwambiri kuti muyankhule ndi dokotala musanayese chilichonse chomwe chimasintha ntchito ya NMDA (kapena mbali zina za momwe ubongo wanu umagwirira ntchito).

Mankhwala ambiri ndi zowonjezera mavitamini amakhulupirira kuti amasintha ntchito ya ovomerezeka a NMDA. Iwo amabwera mu mawonekedwe awiri otsutsana: otsutsana ndi agonists.

NMDA Landirani Antagonists

Mwinamwake mumadziŵa bwino mawu akuti "wotsutsana" pamene akunena za munthu wongopeka-nkhani yomwe imayesa kuchepetsa kapena kuletsa msilikaliyo pokwaniritsa zolinga zake. Mu lingaliro lachipatala, otsutsa ndi mankhwala omwe amachedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa zinthu.

Pankhani ya ovomerezeka a NMDA, otsutsa amaletsa kulandira, kutanthauza kuti amaletsa odwala matendawa kuti asatsegule mapepalawa. Matenda ambiri opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito matenda ndi matenda ena amtundu wa mitsempha nthawi zina amachiritsidwa ndi mitundu iyi ya mankhwala.

Mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amadziwika kuti ndi otsutsana ndi NMDA ndi awa:

• Namenda (mememine)
• Ketamine
• Chloroform
• Mankhwala apamwamba a dextromethorphan (chifuwa chotsekemera mu Mucinex, Robitussin, NyQuil ndi mankhwala ena ambiri owonjezera)
• Strattera (atomoxetine)
• Symmetrel (amantadine)

Zowonjezera m'gulu lino zikuphatikizapo:

• Agmatine
• Arginine
• Huperzine A
• Zinc

Ovomerezeka a NMDA Agonist

"Agonist" ndi wosiyana ndi wotsutsa; Zimalimbikitsa kapena kuwonjezera ntchito. Omwe amatha kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a NMDA amachititsa kuti odwala matendawa azikhala ndi mwayi wopeza mauthengawa ndi kuwonjezera kufotokoza kwa ubongo kudzera mu ubongo.

Mankhwalawa nthawi zina amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthetsa matenda ndi maganizo, kuphatikizapo schizophrenia ndi maganizo odzipha.

Madokotala ena omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a NMDA amalandira:

• Clozaril (clozapine)
• Seromycin (cycloserine)

Kuonjezera apo, anthu ambiri omwe akuyesera kugonana ndi NMDA akukumana ndi matenda ovutika maganizo.

Zowonjezera zomwe ziri NMDA receptor agonists ndi:

• Aspartic acid
• DHEA
• Theanine

Mawu Ochokera

Kudziwa za ovomerezeka a NMDA kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa bwino matenda anu komanso mankhwala omwe angathere. Kumbukirani kuti mapulogalamuwa ndi mbali yovuta kwambiri-ubongo waumunthu ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri zomwe zilipo. Dokotala yekha ndi amene angathe kupeza bwinobwino ndi kuchiza zinthu zomwe zimaphatikizapo zinthu monga mapulogalamu ndi othandizira anthu.

Ndizochilendo kuganiza kuti zakudya zowonjezereka ndizo "zotetezeka", koma ngakhale zinthu zakuthupi zingayambitse zotsatira zoipa komanso zimagwirizana bwino ndi mankhwala. Afunseni dokotala ndi wazamankhwala muzochita zanu zothandizira kuti muwonetsetse kuti simukudzivulaza nokha pamene mukuyesera kuti mukhale bwino.

> Zotsatira:

> Antar V, Baran O, Yuceli S, et al. Kufufuza kwa zotsatira za ubongo wa acetylcholinesterase Huperzine A mu chitsanzo cha msana wamtundu wa trauma. Journal of science sayansi. 2015 Oct 16.

> Blanke ML, VanDongen AMJ. Biology ya NMDA Receptor. 1st ed. Baca Raton, FL: CRC Press / Taylor & Francis; 2009.

> Mohseni G, Ostadhadi S, Imran Khan, ndi al. Agmatine imapangitsa mphamvu yodetsa nkhaŵa ngati momwe lithiamu imagwirira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito makina a NMDA. Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy. 2017 Apr; 88: 931-938. lembani: 10.1016 / j.biopha.2017.01.119.

> Woyamba JW, Farber NB, Olney JW. Ntchito ya NMDA yolandira, kukumbukira, ndi kukalamba ubongo. Zokambirana m'maganizo a khunyu. 2000 Sep; 2 (3): 219-32.

> Rondon LJ, Farges MC, Davin N, et al. L-Arginine supplementation imalepheretsa allydynia ndi hyperalgesia mu makoswe oopsa a shuga a shuga mwa kuonetsetsa kuti thupi la plasma nitric ox concentration ndi lachilengedwe komanso kukula kwa plasma agmatine. Magazini ya ku Europe ya zakudya. 2017 Jul 19. doi: 10.1007 / s00394-017-1508-x.