Momwe Ubongo Waumunthu Umayendera
Sizinsinsi kuti anthu ndi nyama zamasamba. Kupambana kwa Twitter, Facebook, ndi mitundu ina ya mafilimu atsopano posachedwapa kunatsindika kufunikira kwathu kwaumunthu kuti tigwirizane.
Ngakhale kulimbikitsana kwa anthu kukhala kofunika kwambiri kwa zochitika za munthu, sikophweka nthawi zonse. Ndipotu, zimatengera pafupifupi mbali iliyonse ya ubongo waumunthu, mosakayikira chinthu chovuta kwambiri chomwe chinalengedwa, kugwira ntchito ndi kusewera bwino ndi ena.
Kuzindikira Zisonyezo Zachikhalidwe
Gawo loyambalo mukutengana ndi chikhalidwe ndikumvetsetsa zofunikira zofunika za anthu. Timamvetsera zomwe anthu akunena komanso momwe zimanenedwa, samalani mwatsatanetsatane maonekedwe a nkhope, talingalirani momwe timakhudzidwira, ndikuphwanyika mphuno zathu zonyansa ngati wina akuwotcha. Zonsezi zimadalira gawo lapadera la ubongo.
Mwachitsanzo, gyrus yofiira , yomwe ili pafupi ndi ubongo, imakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi nkhope, ndipo ubongo wamtundu wapamwamba wam'mbali pambali ya ubongo umatithandiza kuona pamene wina akuyang'ana. Mbali ya kachipisi ya occipital imapatulira kuwona matupi ena aumunthu. Njira yosinthika yakale ikugwirizanitsa ndi colliculus yapamwamba, yomwe imathandiza kulamulira zofunikira zowonongeka, komanso amygdala, yomwe imapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi maganizo abwino.
Ubongo wathu umamvekanso m'mawu a anthu. Zonsezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku chinenero, chomwe chiri kumbali ya kumanzere kwa ubongo mwa anthu opitirira 90 peresenti.
Masewu ofanana omwe alipo ali pambali ya ubongo yomwe imatanthauzira zamatsenga, zowonjezera ndi njira zomwe anthu amawonjezera zigawo za matanthauzo awo m'mawu awo.
Lingaliro lokhudza kugwiritsira ntchito chidziwitso ku insula, zomwe zingapangitse maganizo kumverera. Lingaliro la kununkhira kulimbamtima kwambiri ndi limbic system, yomwe imapangitsa kukhudza maganizo ndi malamulo.
Pafupifupi zonse zomwe tili nazo zimakhala ndi zosiyana ndi zomwe zimakhudzidwa, makamaka pamene anthu ena akukhudzidwa.
Kusuta Zambiri
Chotsatira chofunikira chotsatira pa chiyanjano ndi kusankha ngati chizindikiro chachitukuko chiri chofunikira kwambiri. Magulu okhudza ubongo amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kusokonezeka. Kodi mawu a munthu ayenera kutikhudza kwambiri momwe amachitira? Kodi kuyang'ana kwa wina kumatanthauza chiyani, ndipo kodi timakhumudwa kwambiri?
Pansi mkati mwa ubongo, amygdala akuoneka kuti akukhudzidwa makamaka posankha zizindikiro zazikulu zomwe zimalowetsa anthu ndizofunikira kwambiri. Wina akhoza kuganiza za amygdala monga kulumikiza chizindikiro cholowera ndi mphamvu yamaganizo. Anthu omwe ali ndi mavuto a amygdala awo amakhala ndi nthawi yovuta pozindikira nkhope zoopsa, ndipo samayang'anitsitsa maso a ena kuti amve maganizo.
Chilumbachi n'chofunikanso poika maganizo osiyana siyana, monga kusankha chinthu china chonyansa. Izi zikhonza kukhala zofunikira kwambiri, monga momwe chiwerengerochi chimasonyezera kusayenera, kunena, kukweza mphuno kwapadera pagulu. Zilonda m'dera lino la ubongo zidzetsa kusowa nkhaŵa pazochitika zosayenera. Mu matenda a demokarasi yapopotomoral , mwachitsanzo, kuchepa kwadzidzidzi kungayambe kukhala ndi makhalidwe ngati kusasamala za ukhondo.
Chigawo chodziwika kuti chotsala chamtunduwu chimapangitsa kuti anthu ayambe kuchita zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Kachilendo kameneka kamagwirizana ndi zigawo zambiri za ubongo, ndipo ndi malo omwe kumverera kumasinthidwa kukhala kuchitapo kanthu. Mwachitsanzo, ngati insula ikuweruza kuti chinthu china ndi chonyansa, kansalu kakang'ono kameneka kamatulutsa chidziwitso ku mbali zina za ubongo zomwe zimagwirira ntchito pamodzi kunena "yuck." Anthu omwe ali ndi vutoli m'derali akhoza kukhala osasamala, ngakhale mpaka akinetic mutism , pomwe wina alibe chifukwa chotha kusuntha kapena kulankhula.
The orbitofrontal cortex m'munsi ndi kutsogolo kwa ubongo amasonyeza pamene zizindikiro zogwirizana ndi anthu zimakhala zopindulitsa.
Kafukufuku wasonyeza, mwachitsanzo, kuti zigawo izi zimakhudza kwambiri chikondi cha chikondi . Izi ndi zoona makamaka pa dera lotchedwa nucleus accumbens.
Udindo Wazochitikira
Zambiri mwazinthu zomwe takambirana pano "zimakhala zovuta," kutanthauza kuti ndi njira zakale komanso zosavuta kusintha. Komabe, neocortex ("neo" amatanthauza "chatsopano") imatha kusintha. Mbali yatsopano ya ubongo ndi pamene zomwe takumana nazo zimatilola kusintha momwe timachitira ndi anthu ena.
Zitsanzo za khalidwe lolondola la chikhalidwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'kati mwa makina apakati. Dera ili silinakula mokwanira kufikira zaka makumi awiri zoyambirira, zomwe zimatipatsa nthawi yoti tipange umunthu wapadera ndikusankha momwe timachitira ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana. Kachilombo ka pachipatala chingakhalepo ndikuzindikira zotsatira za kuswa malamulo. Malowa sangakhale otanganidwa kwambiri ndi anthu omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu.
Anatomy of Etiquette
Ngakhale ngati ntchito zonse zachitukuko zikuchitidwa bwino, sizikhala zovuta ngati tilabadira njira yochititsa manyazi kapena yosayenera. Ndizofunikira pamoyo wathu wa tsiku ndi tsiku kuti timaletsa khalidwe lathu ndikusankha njira yabwino yodzichitira. Ngati izi sizinachitike bwino, makangano angabwere. Maukwati angasokoneze, malonda amatha kugwa, ndipo mabwenzi angalephereke.
Anthu ali ndi zovuta zogwirizana pakati pa anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi kampani yamtundu wa prefrontal cortex. Izi zikhoza kulamulira ndi kupitirira mowonjezereka mayankho omwe mwamsanga, kuti ngakhale ngakhale titakhala okwiya kapena onyozedwa, titha kuyankha mwachifundo.
Kaloti yamkati yamkati imatiuza momwe timamvera. Anthu omwe ali ndi zilonda m'dera lino sakudziwa momwe amamvera. Zotsatira zake, zimakhalanso zovuta kulamulira kapena kulamulira maganizo awo.
Chotsatira cha coralx chotsatira chimakhala chophatikizidwa kwambiri ndi kuthekera kwa kuthetsa malingaliro omwe amavomerezedwa ndi chigoba chamkati chokhazikika. Izi zimatithandizanso kuti tigwirizane ndi zochitika zatsopano. Mwachitsanzo, apa ndi malo omwe amalola kuti tigonjetse lingaliro laling'ono, ngakhale titakulira m'banja losavomerezeka.
The Original Social Network
Mwanjira ina, ubongo umawonetsera dziko lathu. Zonse ife ndi ma neuroni athu tiripo mu machitidwe olankhulana. Mmodzi wa neuron akhoza kugawana nawo mwachindunji ndi ena mazana, ndipo mwachindunji akulankhulana ndi mabiliyoni mkati mwa thupi. Pogwiritsa ntchito manja ndi milomo yathu, kugwiritsira ntchito magetsi pamakono athu kumakhala phokoso lamakono la foni ya foni kapena chizindikiro chosonyeza kutentha kwa mgwirizano wa maso ndi maso. Kuyankhulana pakati pa maselo a mitsempha kumayankhulana pakati pa anthu.
Zotsatira:
Mesulam, M. Kuchokera kumverera ku kuzindikira. Ubongo (1998), 121, 1013-1052
Sollberger, M., Rankin, KP, & Miller, BL (2010). Kusamalidwa kwa anthu. Kupitiriza Kuphunzira Kwambiri kwa Neurol, 16 (4), 69-85.