Chifukwa Chimene Wina Sangakuyankhani M'chipatala
Mlingo wa chidziwitso cha munthu ndiyeso yowunika komanso kuzindikira. Chisamaliro ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana omwe amatha kuchoka ku coma kupita kumalo odzuka kwambiri, otchedwa hypervigilance, monga momwe amachitira mania kapena amphetamine moledzera.
Njira Zofotokozera Chisamaliro
Chifukwa chakuti chidziwitso chosinthika chikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi zotsatira zoipitsitsa, akatswiri ena adanenanso kuti msinkhu wa chidziwitso umatengedwa ngati chizindikiro chofunika, monga kutaya kwa mtima ndi kutentha kwa thupi.
Madokotala ali ndi njira zambiri zotanthauzira zidziwitso ndi momwe zasinthira wodwala.
Njira yachikulire yolongosola chidziwitso chinali kugwiritsa ntchito mawu monga "chidziwitso chodzidzimutsa, kutaya, kukomoka" ndi "coma," zomwe zikutanthauza kuti pang'onopang'ono kwambiri. Komabe, mawuwa atayidwa kwambiri monga osalongosola kapena ofotokozera mokwanira komanso ngakhale opanda pake.
Njira yogwiritsiridwa ntchito kwambiri pofotokozera chidziwitso tsopano ndi Glasgow coma scale (GCS), yomwe imakhala ndi chidziwitso cha munthu pa msinkhu umodzi kuchoka ku umodzi mpaka khumi ndi zisanu, ndi ziwerengero zazikulu zomwe zikuyimira chidwi. GCS si yangwiro. Miyeso inanso yapangidwa, koma madokotala amadziwa bwino GCS amasunga izi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Kodi Coma Imatanthauza Chiyani?
Kusintha kwakukulu kodziwika kwa chidziwitso ndi kutchuka kwambiri -kutanthauza kuti wina sangathe kuukitsidwa ndipo maso awo atsekedwa. Pali zifukwa zambiri zoyambitsa coma, ndi madigiri osiyana siyana.
Mwachitsanzo, nthendayi ikhoza kuyambitsa mwadzidzidzi ndi mankhwala operekedwa chisanachitike opaleshoni, kapena ikhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi sitiroko yaikulu. Pa milandu yoopsa, ntchentche ingasinthidwe ndi chikhalidwe chokhazikika kapena ubongo. Nthawi zina, wina akhoza kudzuka ku coma.
Kuphatikiza pa coma, pali njira zambiri zomwe chidziwitso cha munthu chingathe kuwonongeka:
Delirium
Chimodzi mwa mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amadziwa muzipatala ndizovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimatchedwanso delirium . Zingaliro zina ndizo kuti pafupifupi 50 peresenti ya anthu omwe ali muzipatala zachipatala amakumana ndi vutoli pamlingo winawake. Panthawi yovuta kwambiri, chidziwitso chimasinthasintha kotero kuti munthu awoneke bwino mphindi imodzi ndi maminiti angapo pambuyo pake angaoneke ngati munthu wosiyana. Iwo sangadziwe kumene iwo ali, sangadziwe nthawi kapena tsiku, ndipo sangathe kuzindikira nkhope zawo pambali pa bedi.
Zilonda zachilendo si zachilendo. Ndipotu, anthu omwe akukumana ndi mavuto ovuta kwambiri angakhale okhumudwitsa, poopa kuti chipatala kapena achibale awo adzawavulaza. Nthaŵi zina kusokonezeka kwa odwala kumatulutsa mizere yopereka mankhwala ndipo akhoza kuyesa kuchoka pabedi ndikuthawa kuchipatala.
Zowonongeka kwambiri zimayambitsa mavuto omwe amakhudza thupi lonse, monga poizoni, mankhwala, matenda, ululu, ndi zina. Nkhani yabwino ndi yakuti, ngakhale kuti zingatenge kanthawi, izi zimatha kuthetsa okha pokhapokha vuto lachidwidwe la mankhwala likukonzedwa.
Hypersomnia
Anthu ena amagona kwambiri. Izi zikhoza kukhala chifukwa cha mavuto angapo, kuphatikizapo matenda a ubongo monga matenda osokoneza bongo komanso kusokoneza maganizo.
Chotsatira chake ndi chakuti wina adzakhala atagona pamene adadzuka ndipo akhoza kugona kupyola tsiku lonse. Ngakhale kuti anthu oterewa amaoneka ngati akugona, kugona kwenikweni ndi kosiyana kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mukugona, mumatha kutembenuka kapena kusuntha mkono wanu. Ogonana sangathe kuchita izi.
Akinetic Mutism
Zilonda monga sitiroko m'madera ena a ubongo, kuphatikizapo anterior cingulate gyrus, zimapangitsa munthu amene amawoneka atcheru koma samvetsa zomwe zikuchitika kuzungulira iwo ndipo samasuntha pokhapokha. Magulu owonjezereka a dementia amachititsa akinetic mutism.
Abulia
Abulia ndikutaya mtima kwakukulu chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa njira zomwe zimayambitsa zolimbikitsa.
Kuwonongeka kumeneku kungakhale mwadzidzidzi, monga momwe zilili ndi matenda osokoneza bongo, kapena pang'onopang'ono, komanso mofulumira, monga mu matenda a Alzheimer's advanced. Chotsatira ndi munthu amene safuna komanso sangathe, kuchita zambiri. Mlingo wa abulia ukhoza kusiyana, koma panthawi yomwe munthu sangasunthe, amalankhula kapena amadya kapena kumwa, motero amafanana ndi akinetic mutism. Panthawi zovuta kwambiri, munthu wamisala akhoza kukakamizika kutsatira malamulo osavuta, ngakhale kuti sangathe kuchita izi popanda kulimbikitsidwa.
Catatonia
Catatonia ndi matenda opatsirana maganizo omwe munthu amawonekera samvera koma ali ndi kafukufuku wamaganizo. Anthu omwe ali ndi catatonia angasonyeze khalidwe losazolowereka, monga catalepsy, lomwe limakhala ngati malo osagwira ntchito kwa miyendo kwa nthawi yaitali. Angasonyezenso kusinthasintha kwake, kutanthauza kuti wina akhoza kuyika gawo la wodwalayo. Komanso, anthu omwe ali ndi catatonia akhoza kubwereza mobwerezabwereza omwe amafanana ndi kulanda, ngakhale kuti electroencephalograph (EEG) yawo ndi yachibadwa. Catatonia ingabwere chifukwa cha matenda a maganizo monga bipolar disorder kapena schizophrenia.
Locked-In Syndrome
Mwachidziwitso, matenda otsekedwa sikutayika kwa chidziwitso, ngakhale kuti akhoza kutsanzira chimodzi. Ndipotu, ndicho chimene chimapangitsa matendawa kukhala oopsa kwambiri. Munthu amene watsekedwa sangathe kusuntha kapena kulankhula ndi dziko lakunja koma amakhala maso ndi maso. Mwachitsanzo, kupweteka mu ubongo kungayambitse pafupifupi thupi lonse kufooka ndipo kungayambitse wodwala kusinthasintha. Malingana ndi chifukwa chake, munthuyo akhoza kulankhula ndi kayendedwe ka maso. Ngakhale zikhoza kukhala zovuta, khama lililonse liyenera kupangidwa kusiyanitsa wodwalayo kapena wodwala wodwalayo.
Kutsiriza Kwambiri
Momwe wodwalayo amachitira ndi zina mwazimenezi zimadalira zifukwa zambiri, osati zochepa zomwe zili ndi matenda oyenera. Akatswiri a sayansi ya matenda a m'mitsempha ayenera kusamala kuti adziwe bwinobwino izi, monga momwe zimayambitsidwira ndi matenda osiyana siyana ndipo angayankhe mankhwala osiyanasiyana.
Zotsatira:
Jerome B. Posner ndi Fred Plum. Kuthamanga ndi Kutulukira kwa Posner Kufufuza ndi Kusunga. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007.
Hal Blumenfeld, Neuroanatomy Kupyolera M'zipatala. Sunderland: Sinauer Associates Publishers 2002.
KUDZIZIRANI: Zomwe zili pa tsamba ili ndi zolinga za maphunziro okha. Sitiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati choloweza m'malo mwa chisamaliro cha munthu wodwala wovomerezeka. Chonde funsani dokotala wanu kuti apeze matenda ndi chithandizo cha chilichonse chokhudza zizindikiro kapena matenda .