Maningitis ndi dzina lachidziwitso cha matenda a meninges - madzimadzi ndi nembanemba zomwe zimayendetsa chingwe cha msana ndi ubongo. Mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi mavairasi amatha kupatsira thupi lathuli ndipo zina mwazimene zimatha kupezedwa ndi katemera.
Zizindikiro zachilendo za meningitis zimaphatikizapo mutu, wokhoma khosi, kutentha thupi, kusanza, photophobia (osasangalala pamene akuyang'ana nyali zowala), chisokonezo, ndi kukwiya.
Kwa makolo ambiri, izi zikhoza kukhala chimodzi mwa zinthu zoyamba zomwe mumaganiza za mwana wanu akamakhala ndi malungo komanso kupweteka kwa mutu.
Kodi Pali Katemera Wopatsirana?
Chifukwa mabakiteriya angapo ndi mavairasi angayambitse matenda a meningitis, ilo ndilo funso lovuta kwambiri kuposa momwe likuwonekera poyamba.
Pali katemera wambiri wamagulu a mimba omwe ali mbali ya ndondomeko ya katemera wa ubwana wa mitundu yambiri ya bacterial meningitis. Popeza kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa mitsempha imayambitsa matenda a mimba, chithandizo cha MMR chimateteza ana ku chifukwa chimodzi cha matendawa.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mavitamini omwe ali ndi mavitamini omwe sanakonzedwe. Mwamwayi, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikoopsa kwambiri monga bacterial meningitis.
Katemera wa meningitis
Kuwonjezera pa kuteteza ana ku mitundu ina ya matenda a ubwana, katemera otsatirawa amapezeka ngati katemera wa meningitis:
- Katemera wa haemophilus influenzae mtundu wa (Hib)
- Maningococcal (Menactra, Menveo, Bexsero, ndi Trumenba) katemera omwe amateteza matenda ambiri a Neisseria meningitides .
- MenHibrix imaphatikiza katemera kwa magulu onse a Hib ndi magulu a amuna odwala C and Y kwa ana ena omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chachikulu omwe ali pangozi yambiri ya matenda a meningococcal
- Pneumococcal (Prevnar) yomwe imateteza matenda ambiri a Streptococcus pneumoniae
Katemera wa Hib
Kuwonjezera pa bakiteriya meningitis, katemera wa Hib amateteza ana aang'ono kuti asakumane ndi chibayo , bacacteremia (matenda a magazi), ndi epiglottitis komanso matenda ena omwe amayamba chifukwa cha mabakiteriya a haemophilus influenzae .
Asanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wa Hib mu 1988, ana pafupifupi 20,000 anali ndi matenda a Hib chaka chilichonse, kuphatikizapo 12,000 mabakiteriya meningitis. Zovuta, zomwe zinakhudza ana makumi atatu mwa ana makumi atatu, kuphatikizapo ogontha, kugwa, kuwona khungu ndi kutaya mtima. Ndipo pafupifupi ana asanu mwa ana asanu alionse omwe anali ndi bacterial meningitis omwe anachititsidwa ndi mabakiteriya a Hib anamwalira.
Ana tsopano amayamba kupeza katemera wa Hib atakhala ndi miyezi iwiri, akutha ndi mlingo wothandizira ali ndi miyezi 12 mpaka 15.
Maningococcal Vaccines
Katemera wa meningococcal amateteza ana ku matenda angapo a mabakiteriya a Neisseria meningitidis , omwe angayambitse matenda a meningitis ndi meningococememia, matenda owopsya a magazi.
Menomune anali chithandizo choyamba cha meningococcal chomwe chilipo ku United States, koma makamaka chinachotsedwa ndi katemera watsopano - Menactra ndi Menveo.
Katemera wa quadrivalentwa amateteza motsutsana ndi maselo a meningococcal A, C, Y, ndi W-135.
Ndibwino kuti ana onse adzalandire Menactra kapena Menveo ali ndi zaka khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri, ali ndi zaka zoyambira 16 mpaka 18. Ana ena omwe ayenera kupeza katemera wa meningococcal ndi achinyamata omwe sanakhale ndi mlingo komabe ayenera kutenga mlingo wothandizira posachedwa) ndi ana aang'ono omwe amaonedwa kuti ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotengera matenda a meningococcal. Ana omwe ali ndi chiopsezo choterewa ndi omwe adachotsa nthata zawo, amakhala ndi nthongo yowonongeka, kapena omwe ali ndi mavuto ena a chitetezo cha mthupi.
Trumenba ndi Bexsero ndi katemera watsopano wa meningococcal womwe umateteza motsutsana ndi Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B. Ichi ndi mtundu wa matenda a meningococcal omwe amachititsa kuphulika pa masukulu a koleji posachedwa, kuphatikizapo Princeton ndi University of California, Santa Barbara. Sitikufunikira panopa koma akulimbikitsidwa kwa ana komanso akuluakulu omwe ali pangozi, kuphatikizapo omwe ali pangozi chifukwa cha kuphulika.
Malinga ndi CDC, "Mndandanda wa MenB wotetezedwa angaperekedwe kwa achinyamata komanso achinyamata omwe ali ndi zaka 16 mpaka 23 kuti athe kuteteza nthawi yayitali ku matenda ambiri a mtundu wa meningococcal wa serogroup B. "
Pneumococcal Vaccine
Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amaganiza kuti ndi katemera wa makutu, ndi bwino kukumbukira kuti katemera wa pneumococcal watsopano (Prevnar) umatetezeranso ana ku bacterial meningitis, matenda a magazi, ndi chibayo.
Prevnar imateteza ana kumaliseche 13 a mabakiteriya a Streptococcus pneumoniae ndipo amaperekedwa kwa makanda monga mndandanda wa mayina anayi kuyambira miyezi iwiri.
Ana ena okalamba omwe amawopsa kwambiri ayenera kutenga katemera wa Pneumovax pneumococcal, kuphatikizapo omwe ali ndi mavuto a chitetezo cha mthupi, mavuto a mtima, ndi mphumu.
Bacterial Meningitis
Nchifukwa chiyani pali katemera wochuluka kwambiri kwa bacterial meningitis?
Ndi chifukwa chakuti pali mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana omwe angayambitse matenda a meningitis.
Ndipo ngakhale ndi katemera wa meningitis omwe angateteze zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a bacterial meningitis, sizidzateteza zifukwa zina zochepa, monga pamene zimayambitsa mabakiteriya a E. coli kapena Staphylococcus aureus . Apo ayi, ana abwinobwino sangakhale ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a meningitis kuchokera ku mabakiteriya awa, komabe, ana omwe atha kukhala ndi ubongo kapena omwe ali ndi vuto lina la mankhwala akhoza kukhala.
Zotsatira:
CDC. Kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi anyamata komanso achinyamata: Maphunziro a Komiti Yopereka Malangizo Okhudza Kuteteza Katemera, 2015. MMWR. October 23, 2015/64 (41); 1171-6
Mandell, Bennett, & Dolin: Mfundo ndi Zochitika za Matenda Opatsirana, 6th.
Plotkin: Katemera, 5th.