Sphincters ndi apadera, minofu yozungulira yomwe imatsegula ndi kutseka ziwalo zina za thupi. Kawirikawiri, ntchito ya sphincter ndiyoyendetsa njira ya mtundu wina wamadzimadzi, monga bile, mkodzo kapena fecal.
Zochita za sphincters zingachitike mwadzidzidzi kupyolera muzitsulo zamadzimadzi zovomerezeka kapena zingakhale zochepa mwadzidzidzi kupyolera mu dongosolo la mantha la somatic.
Ngati sphincter imataya minofu kapena imakhala ndi mawu (spasticity), zizindikiro ndi / kapena matenda angatsatire, monga kusungira mkodzo ndi chikhodzodzo ndi kusadziletsa .
Digestive System Sphincters
Wapamwamba Esophageal Sphincter
The upper esophageal sphincter (UES), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti inferior pharyngeal sphincter, ingapezeke kumapeto kwa pharanx, kumene imateteza khomo la phokoso. UES imatha kuchepetsa mpweya kuti usalowe mumphuno pamene tikupuma ndikuletsa chakudya kuti tisatengeke m'mapepala athu opuma. Becauese a malo ake, UES imathandizanso ku burping ndi kusanza. Kusagwira ntchito kwa UES, monga gawo la matenda a reflux a gastroesophageal (GERD) angayambitse asidi kubwerera kummero kapena kumtunda.
Lower Esophageal Sphincter
Nthenda yotchedwa lowerophygeal sphincter (LES), yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sphincter ya mtima, ili pansi pa malo omwe imakumana ndi mimba.
Ntchito zake zoyambirira ndilololeza kuti chakudya chidutse kuchokera m'mimba kupita m'mimba, kulola mpweya kuthawa m'mimba ikapanda, ndi kuteteza mimba ya asidi kuti isambe kutsuka mpaka kumtunda. Kulephera kwa LA ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu za GERD.
Pyloric Sphincter
Chipinda cha pyloric chiri pakati pa mimba ndi duodenum, yomwe ndi gawo loyamba la matumbo aang'ono .
Mphuno ya pyloric imatsegulira kuti chakudya chochepa (chyme) chidutse kuchoka mmimba kupita ku duodenum kuti mupitirize kudya chimbudzi komanso kumwa zakudya m'thupi.
Sphincter wa Oddi
Sphincter wa Oddi (SO) ili pamalo omwe anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito komanso njira ya pancreatic ikugwirizanitsa ndi duodenum. NTHAWI imatseguka tikamadya kuti tipewe bile kuchokera mu ndulu, ndi mavitamini ochokera kumapangidwe, kuti tilowetse duodenum kuti tipewe zigawo za zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira thupi. Sphincter ya Oddi yovutitsa (SOD), matenda osadziwika bwino omwe amatha kupezeka m'mimba pachifuwa.
Ileocecal Sphincter
The ileocecal sphincter ili pomwe matumbo aang'ono ndi masitini akuluakulu amakumana. Palibe zambiri zodziwika za sphincter iyi, kupatula kuti imalingalira kuthamangitsa chyme kumapeto kwa matumbo aang'ono, (ileum) m'matumbo akulu. The ileocecal sphincter ikhoza kuthandizira kupewa mabakiteriya m'matumbo akuluakulu kuti asamalowe m'kati mwa matumbo aang'ono, matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ndi ochepa m'mimba mwabakiteriya .
Analimbikitsa Sphincter
The sphincter anal ali kumapeto kwa rectum, choncho pamapeto pake.
Mphuno yamafuta imayendetsa njira yochotsamo. Lili ndi chigawo chamkati ndi chamkati. Siphincter wamkati imakhala pansi pazidziwitso (ndipo motero imateteza kuti sitima isatulukire), pamene sphincter yakunja imakhala pansi pamodzi mwadzidzidzi, motero zimathandiza kuti thupi liziyenda. Kulephera kwa anal sphincter kungayambitse kuchepa, matenda omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lisawonongeke .
Sphincters Zina
Urethral sphincter: Umatchedwanso sphincter urethrae, sphincter iyi imayang'anira kugwira ndi kutaya mkodzo. Mofanana ndi anal sphincter, mphuno ya mitsempha imakhala ndi minofu yamkati ndi yamkati, yomwe imakhala yodalirika komanso yopanda kudzipereka.
Iris sphincter: Amatchedwanso pupillary sphincter kapena sphincter pupillae. Mphungu imeneyi imayang'anira kutseka kwa wophunzira m'diso.
Chitsime:
Minocha, A. & Adamec, C. (2011) The Encyclopedia of the Digestive System ndi Digestive Disorders (2nd Ed.) New York: Mfundo pa Fayilo.
"High Esophageal Sphincter" Magalimoto Ntchito ya Pharynx, Esophagus, ndi Sphincters. Bukhu la Excerpt pa PubMed.