Maningitis ndi kutupa kwa madzi ozungulira ubongo ndi msana. Zimayambitsa kupweteka mutu, khosi lolimba, ndi malungo. Maningitis angapangitse mavuto aakulu, monga kupweteka kapena kutaya mtima. Maningitis amayamba chifukwa cha bakiteriya kapena matenda a tizilombo.
Kufufuza koyambirira kwa meningitis ndi kulongosola kolondola chifukwa chake ndi kofunika chifukwa kasamalidwe ka matendawa amatsogoleredwa ndi chidziwitso cha matenda ndi chifukwa cha matenda.
Matenda a meningitis, makamaka bacterial meningitis, siwowamba, makamaka chifukwa cha katemera wa chizoloŵezi choyambitsa matenda opatsirana ambiri. CDC ikulingalira kuti pali matenda okwana 4100 odwala matenda ophera matenda a mitsempha ndi anthu 500 omwe amafa ku United States pachaka.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za meningitis zingathe kukhala maola oposa, kapena zikhoza kuwonjezereka masiku angapo. Matenda a mitsempha amapezeka kwambiri kwa ana, ngakhale akuluakulu komanso achinyamata angapangitse meningitis.
Zizindikiro za matenda a meningitis ndi awa:
- Mutu umayamba chifukwa cha meningitis. Mutu wofewa kapena wochepa ukhoza kukhala zizindikiro zoyambirira za meningitis. Mutu ukhoza kuwonjezereka ndi kukhudzidwa kwa kuwala.
- Msolo wolimba ndi chizindikiro chofala cha meningitis. Nthawi zina, ana omwe ali ndi khosi lolimba amatha kubwezera mutu kapena kudandaula poyesa kupindika mutu kumtima.
- Mafupa amayamba kwa anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi meningitis, ndipo malungo amatha kuchoka ku malungo otsika apakati pa 100.5 F mpaka malungo apamwamba kuposa 104 F.
- Kukhumudwa ndi kusasamala
- Kutopa kapena kugona
- Nsowa kapena kusanza
- Kuthamanga, komwe kawirikawiri sikuti kuli blanching (sikusanduka yoyera pamene iwe umayimbira pa izo) kumachitika, makamaka ndi meningococcal meningitis.
- Kugonjetsa
- Kusintha kwa maganizo m'malingaliro, monga kusokonezeka, kukhumudwa, kukhumudwitsa, kukonda, kapena ngakhale kukongola
Zizindikiro mu Ana Aang'ono
Ana obadwa kumene ndi ana ang'onoang'ono, zizindikiro za matenda a meningitis zimatha mofulumira, mkati mwa maola angapo. Matenda a mitsempha otchuka a malungo, kumutu, ndi kuuma kwa khosi sikungakhalepo kapena zovuta kuziwona mwa ana aang'ono kwambiri.
- Zizindikiro za kupweteka kwa matenda m'thupi mwa ana zimaphatikizapo kusokonezeka, kutopa kwambiri, kuchepetsa kudya ndi kumwa, ndi kusanza.
- Mankhwala amtundu wambiri amatha kukhala ndi ana. Puloteni ndi malo ofewa pamagazi a mwana pomwe mafupa sanatseke panobe. Pamene pali kutupa kuzungulira ubongo, madzi owonjezera amachititsa kuti dera limeneli likhale lodzaza modabwitsa, osati lathyathyathya, monga momwe liyenera kukhalira.
Zimayambitsa
Zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a meningitis ndi matenda opatsirana, omwe angathe kufalikira mwa kusinthanitsa madontho a kupuma chifukwa chokakokera, kupopera, kumpsompsona kapena kukhudza zinthu zonyansa. Pali tizilombo ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tomwe timayambitsa matenda. Mavairasi, mabakiteriya, ndi bowa zonse zimayambitsa matenda a meningitis.
Viral Meningitis
Mawu akuti aseptic meningitis amatchula kuti meningitis yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi chinthu china osati mabakiteriya, ndipo nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthawuzira kutuluka kwa vutolo.
Mavairasi ena omwe angayambitse matenda a mimba ndi awa:
- Majekesiti ndi omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mavitamini omwe amalowa amapezeka m'magazi, ndipo ambiri samayambitsa matenda. Matenda a maningitis omwe amayamba ndi enteroviruses amapezeka pakati pa June ndi Oktoba.
- Mavairasi a herpes, kuphatikizapo kachilombo ka nkhuku
- Sakanizani tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Amatsitsa HIV
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Vuto la West Nile likufalikira ndi kuluma kwa udzudzu ndipo ndilofala pakati pa August ndi Oktoba. Kuwonjezera pa zizindikiro za meningitis, anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi zilonda zotupa komanso zotupa. Vuto la West Nile lapezeka tsopano m'ma 46 ndipo pafupifupi theka la anthu amene amayamba matendawa amakhalanso ndi meningitis kapena encephalitis.
- Lymphocytic choriomeningitis HIV
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis imayambitsa matenda aakulu kwambiri kuposa mitundu ina ya meningitis, yomwe ili ndi mphamvu yaikulu ya mavuto a nthawi yaitali.
Matenda enieni a bakiteriya nthawi zambiri amasiyana ndi msinkhu.
Zomwe zimayambitsa bakiteriya meningitis m'mabwana ang'onoang'ono ndi awa:
- E. coli
- Gulu la B strepococcus
- Listeria monocytogenes
Mabakiteriya ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti meningitis mu ana aang'ono ndi awa:
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumonococcus) ndilo vuto lalikulu la bakiteriya meningitis kwa ana.
- Neisseria meningitides (meninogococcus) ndichiwiri chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a meningitis kwa ana. Meningococcal meningitis ingapangitse zizindikiro za meningitis komanso kupweteka kwa petechial. Kuphulika kumawoneka ngati mawanga ofiira ochepa omwe samasintha maonekedwe pamene akhate amaikidwa pakhungu.
- Haemophilus influenzae mtundu wa B (Hib) unali chifukwa chowopsa cha matenda a mimba kwa ana mpaka zaka za m'ma 1990, koma matendawa tsopano sapezeka chifukwa cha katemera.
- Zina zomwe zimayambitsa bakiteriya meningitis zimaphatikizapo matenda a Lyme, syphilis, ehrlichiosis, leptospirosis, ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
Zochepa Zochepa Zomwe Zimayambitsa Mitsempha
- Matenda ena a fungalomu omwe amachititsa kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa monga cryptococcal meningitis (yomwe imapezeka kwambiri kwa ana omwe ali ndi Edzi.)
- Mankhwala ena amachititsa kutupa kwa meninges. Chofala kwambiri ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe alibe anti-inflammatory (NSAID) monga ibuprofen. Maantibayotiki monga trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popiritsa matenda a mkodzo, angayambitsenso matenda a meningitis.
- Mavuto osagwidwa ndi matenda omwe amadziwika ndi kutupa, monga matenda omwe amachititsa kuti munthu azidwala matendawa amatha kuyambitsa matenda a meningitis, ngakhale kuti ndi osowa.
Kudziwa
Kufufuza koyambirira ndi mankhwala a meningitis kungathandize kupeŵa mavuto. Kawirikawiri, matenda a meningitis amatha kupezedwa ndi mbiri komanso zochitika zambiri. Koma, kawirikawiri, kutsimikiziridwa kwa meningitis ndi chizindikiritso cha ziwalo zolimbana ndizofunika kuti chithandizo chabwino.
- Kuyezetsa thupi: Dokotala wanu ayesa kuuma kwa khosi ndi kumbuyo. Chizindikiro cha Kernig chimaonedwa kuti chiri chotsimikizika, ndipo chimathandizira kuti matenda a meningitis awonongeke, ngati kuvulaza bondo kumapweteka. Chizindikiro cha Brudzinski chimaonedwa kuti chiri chotsimikizika, komanso chithandizo cha matenda a chiwindi, ngati kusasunthira mutu kumbali ya chifuwa kumayambitsa kupweteka ndipo kumapangitsa kuti chiuno ndi mawondo zisinthe.
- Mayesero ojambula: Kuyesedwa kwa machitidwe a pakatikati a mitsempha, monga ubongo CT, ubongo wa MRI kapena msana wa MRI ungapindule makamaka poyesa matenda a meningitis. Mayeserowa akhoza kuthetsa zifukwa zina za zizindikiro za ubongo. Nthawi zambiri amatha kuzindikira kutupa kwa meninges. Ndipo, kaŵirikaŵiri ubongo wa CT kapena ubongo wa MRI amafunika kudziwa ngati ndi koyenera kuti apangidwe.
- Kutsekemera kwa maluwa: Kuwombera kwala ndi njira yomwe mchere umachotsedwa kuti uwerenge pansi pa microscope ndi kutumiza chikhalidwe. Chikhalidwe ndi njira yomwe thupi lopatsirana limakula mububu ndipo amadziwika. Mphepete mwa mchere umapezeka pamene singano imalowetsedwa kumalo komwe kumbuyo komwe kumakhala madzi oundana mumsana.
Chithandizo
Chithandizo cha meningitis chimadalira kuopsa komanso chifukwa cha matenda. Kuchiza kungafunike kuthetsa zizindikiro, ndipo nthawi zambiri mankhwala amafunikanso kuchiza matenda kapena kuchepetsa kutupa.
Mankhwala Opweteka
Mosasamala chomwe chimayambitsa matenda a meningitis, mungafunikire kumwa mankhwala opweteka, kuchepetsa mutu ndi kupweteka kwa mutu. Kawirikawiri, mankhwala osokoneza bongo amathandiza kuti achepetse ululu umene umayambitsa matenda a meningitis.
Kuchepetsa Fungo
Chifukwa chakuti kupweteka kwa mankhwala kumayambitsa malungo, mankhwala omwe amachepetsa kutentha thupi amafunika nthawi zambiri.
Bacterial Meningitis
Bacterial meningitis akhoza kuchiritsidwa ndi ma antibiotic angapo othandiza. Ndikofunika kuti chithandizo chiyambire kumayambiriro kwa matendawa. Chithandizo cha bacterial meningitis nthawi zambiri chimayamba ndi kuphatikiza mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatha kupatsira matenda osiyanasiyana a mabakiteriya. Kusankhidwa kwa maantibayotiki kungasinthe kamodzi kafukufuku weniyeni. Zovuta, zomwe ndi mayesero omwe amachititsa kuti ma antibayotiki omwe ali ndi mabakiteriya apadera, athandizidwe moyenera.
Maantibayotiki omwe amasankhidwa kuti athandize ana aang'ono ndi matenda a meningitis amasiyana ndi maantibayotiki omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa anthu akuluakulu, makamaka chifukwa cha kupweteka kwa mimba kumachitika ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana pakati pa zaka zosiyanasiyana. M'masiku 90 oyambirira a moyo, cephalosporin yachitatu, kuphatikizapo ampicillin m'mwezi woyamba, nthawi zambiri amasankhidwa. Ana okalamba ndi ana nthawi zambiri amachiritsidwa ndi kuphatikiza kwa cefotaxime kapena ceftriazone pamodzi ndi vancomycin mpaka chitetezo chadziwika.
Viral Meningitis
Ndi matenda a meningitis, cholinga cha chithandizo ndi chithandizo chochirikizira. Matenda a kachilombo samayankha mankhwala ophera ma antibiotic, ndipo matenda ambiri a tizilombo samayankha mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Komabe, pali matenda ena omwe amatenga kachilombo ka HIV.
Steroids
Pamene meningitis imayambitsidwa ndi matenda omwe amadzimadzimadzi, monga sarcoidosis kapena mankhwala, steroid ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuchepetsa kutupa.
Kupewa
Pali njira zingapo zomwe zingathandize kuteteza matenda a meningitis . Ngakhale njira izi sizingathetseretu kusintha kwanu kuti mukhale ndi matenda a meningitis, iwo akhoza kuchepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo.
Ukhondo
Kupewa matenda ofala kungachepetse mwayi wokhala ndi meningitis. Zamoyo zopatsirana zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a mitsempha zimafalitsidwa kuchokera kwa munthu ndi munthu kudzera m'malovu opuma. Kupewa matenda ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopezera meningitis kwa anthu a mibadwo yonse. Zitetezo izi ndi zofunika kwambiri kwa ana ang'onoang'ono, omwe sangasonyeze zizindikiro za matenda a mening early, ndi omwe angadwale mavuto ambiri.
- Sambani manja anu nthawi zambiri, makamaka mukakhala ndi majeremusi
- Musamagawane zinthu zaukhondo monga nsanamira za mano
- Chotsani mankhwala ochotsera mavitamini ndi nsonga zapadera nthawi zonse
- Pewani kukhudzana kwapafupi kapena kwa nthawi yaitali ndi ena omwe angakhale ndi matenda
Katemera
Pali katemera omwe angachepetse chiopsezo chokhala ndi meningitis. Katemerawa samatetezera mwachindunji motsutsana ndi meningitis, koma amateteza ku matenda chifukwa cha zamoyo zomwe zingayambitse matenda a mimba.
Katemera akhoza kulangizidwa ali mwana. College of freshness, makamaka iwo amene amakhala m'mabwalo amakhala pa chiopsezo chachikulu cha matenda a meningococcal, ndipo ayenera kuphunzitsidwa za kupezeka kwa katemera wotetezeka komanso koyenera omwe angachepetse chiopsezo.
- Hib
- N. meningitidis
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Amagwedeza
- Herpes Zoster
- Katemera wa meningococcal conjugate
Mawu Ochokera
Maningitis ndi matenda owopsa chifukwa angayambitse mavuto aakulu. Zizindikiro zingakhale zodabwitsa ndipo zingapite mofulumira, koma nthawi zina, zizindikiro zingakhale zofatsa kapena zosadziwika, zomwe zingachititse kuchedwa kudziwunika. Mukangotenga chithandizo mwamsanga, bwino kuti mupeze chithandizo chamankhwala. Chithandizo chamankhwala cha meningitis ndi njira yabwino yochepetsera mavuto ndi zotsatira zovuta za matendawa.
Ngati inu kapena mwana wanu muli ndi meningitis, mukhoza kukhala ndi ubongo ndi mutu kwa milungu ingapo mutachira. Nthaŵi zambiri, kupweteka kwa mimba kumapangika popanda zotsatira zanthawi yaitali.
> Zotsatira:
> Taj A, Jamil N. Cerebrospinal Concentrations of Biogenic Amines: Zomwe Zingatheke Kuti Zidzathe Kuzindikira Matenda a Bacterial and Viral Meningitis. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. 2018 Apr 13; 7 (2). pii: E39. do: 10.3390 / tizilombo toyambitsa matenda7020039.
> Villena R, Mapafa a Safadi, Valenzuela MT, Torres JP, Finn A, O'Ryan M. Mliri wadziko lonse wa matenda a meningococcal ndi mwayi wopewera katemera wambiri wamatenda. Katemera Wopanda Munthu. 2018 Apr 18: 1-50. lembani: 10.1080 / 21645515.2018.1458175. [Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza]