Chimene Chimachitika Pamene Mafangayi Amakhudza Ubongo
Pali chinachake chowopsya chokhudza bowa. Mwinamwake chifukwa bowa ndi mosiyana kwambiri ndi mitundu yambiri ya moyo, monga zomera kapena zinyama. Kapena mwinamwake ndi mgwirizano pakati pa bowa ndi zinthu zomwe zafa kapena kufa. Ngakhale kuti palibe kachilombo kovomerezeka, chinachake chokhudza matenda opatsirana amaoneka ngati chodabwitsa. Izi ndizochitika makamaka pamene bowa limalowa mu chinthu chamtengo wapatali monga ubongo wathu.
Matenda a fungal a pakatikati a mitsempha sakhala ofala, koma ngati matendawa amapezeka, zotsatira zingakhale zowawa. Chotsatira chake ndi malo okhudzana ndi matenda a matendawa, koma mwatsoka, mndandanda wathunthu wa adani omwe angakhalepo angakhale aakulu kwambiri.
Aspergillus
Mitundu ya Aspergillus ndi yofala kwambiri m'chilengedwe. Ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri amawoneka, matenda a anthu omwe ali ndi Aspergillus ndi achilendo, pokhapokha chitetezo cha mthupi chitachotsedwa. Zomwe zimachititsa kuti chitetezo cha mthupi chitetezedwe chimakhala ndi matenda a shuga, mankhwala a steroid , kusintha kwa thupi , khansa, kupwetekedwa mtima, kusoŵa zakudya m'thupi, ndi AIDS , pakati pa ena.
Zamoyo zimalowa mthupi pambuyo pozizira m'mapapo, kumene zimalowa m'magazi. Kamodzi m'magazi, Aspergillus amatha kupha ziwalo zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo ubongo. Aspergillus yomwe imalowa mu ubongo ingayambitse kupweteka kapena kuperewera, ngati chimfine kapena zofooka.
Ikhozanso kuyambitsa matenda a mimba . Zizindikiro za kupweteka kwa m'mimba zimaphatikizapo mutu, malungo, ndi khosi lolimba.
Pa MRI, matenda a Aspergillus amachititsa chifuwa chomwe chimakhala ngati kannonball mu ubongo. Chithandizo chili ndi wothandizira monga voriconazole kapena amphotericin. Ngakhale atachiritsidwa, kufa kwa matendawa ndi kwakukulu.
Candida Albicans
Pafupifupi aliyense ali kale kusunga candida mu thupi; Ndi mbali ya zomera zomwe zimakhala bwino m'mimba komanso m'matope. Nthawi zina pamakhala zochitika zomwe zimachititsa candida kupitirira malire ake, omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa matenda a yisiti mwa amayi. Candida amadziwikanso chifukwa chowombera , kutentha koyera pakamwa ndi mmero.
Mu odwala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito immuno-osokonezeka, mitundu ya Candida ingalowe m'magazi ndi kufalikira kumadera osiyanasiyana m'thupi. Candida ingayambitse matenda a meningitis, kaŵirikaŵiri m'mayendedwe am'mbuyomu, kapena ngati opaleshoni. Kuzindikira kumaphatikizapo podzaza kuchuluka kwa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kukula mu chikhalidwe cha labu.
Coccidioides Immitis
Coccidioides amapezeka m'mapululu a kum'mwera chakumadzulo kwa United States ndi Central ndi South America. Kutenga ndi coccidiosis kungayambitse mavuto ambiri, kuyambira ku chiwopsezo chotentha cha chigwa mpaka ku meningitis yowopsa.
Ngati palibe chithandizo, pafupifupi 95 peresenti ya odwala omwe ali ndi matendawa amatha kufa zaka ziwiri, malinga ndi National Institutes of Health, koma pamene pafupifupi 150,000 matendawa ndi Coccidioides amachitika chaka chilichonse, oposa 100 mwa iwowa amafunika meningitis. Zingatenge miyezi kuchokera ku matenda oyamba a meningitis kuti ziwonekere.
Zizindikiro zimaphatikizapo mutu waukulu, komanso zizindikilo zina zomwe sizingakhalepo panthawi ya matendawa.
Matendawa a coccidia meningitis ndi abwino kwambiri poyesedwa ndi CSF, yomwe imapezeka pamtambo . Ma antibodies a zamoyo angathe kuyesedwa kugwiritsa ntchito CSF. Nthaŵi zambiri, chidziwitso cha minofu yomwe ili pafupi ndi ubongo (meninges) ingafunikire kuti mudziwe bwinobwino.
Matenda opangidwa ndi matenda a coccidiosis ndi oral fluconazole. Madokotala ena adzawonjezera amphotericin B. Ngati hydrocephalus alipo, shunt angakhale yofunikira komanso. Zingatenge masabata kuti zitheke bwino.
Cryptococcus Neoformans
Cryptokopu imalowa m'thupi kudzera m'mapapo munthu atapuma mu spore. Kuchokera kumeneko, bowa limalowerera m'magazi ndi kufalikira kupyolera mu thupi, makamaka ku ubongo. Izi ndizochitika makamaka kwa anthu omwe chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimadulidwa, ngakhale nthawi zina anthu odwala ali ndi kachilombo ka Cryptocus.
Cryptococus kawirikawiri imayambitsa aseptic meningoencephalitis (kutupa kwa ubongo ndi ziwalo zozungulira), ndi kupweteka mutu, malungo, ndipo nthawi zambiri khosi lolimba ndi kusanza. Chigawo cha encephalitis chimayambitsa kukumbukira kukumbukira zinthu ndi zolakwika zina zamaganizo.
Cryptococcal meningitis ingapezedwe mwa kuyesa mayeso oyenerera pa cerebrospinal fluid yomwe imawombedwa ndi lumbar . Ngati kukakamizidwa kwa CSF kumayesedwa, kungakhale kovuta kwambiri m'matendawa. MRI nthawi zambiri sichisonyeza kusintha, ngakhale nthawi zina misa ikhoza kukhalapo. Kuyezetsa magazi kungathandizenso odwala chifukwa cha cryptococcal antigen yomwe ingakhale yopindulitsa popanga izi .
Histoplasmosis
Histoplasmosis ndi bowa yomwe ingapezeke mwachibadwa, anthu odwala-koma nthawi zina imayambitsa matenda aakulu. Ku United States, kawirikawiri imapezeka mumtsinje wa Ohio ndi Mississippi ku Midwestern states.
Nthaŵi zambiri, bowa limangoyambitsa mavuto mwa anthu omwe chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chimasokonekera ndi zikhalidwe monga Edzi kapena mankhwala ena. Histoplasma ingayambitse kutentha, kulemera , ndi kutopa.
Ngakhale kuti histoplasmosis ingayambitse mavuto m'thupi lonse-makamaka m'mapapo-pamene ikumenyana ndi mitsempha yapakati, imatha kupezeka mwa kufunafuna maantijeni mu cerebrospinal fluid . Zamoyo sizikuwoneka mosavuta mu labotale. Gawo la nthawi, zikhalidwe za CSF sizikula nyama, ngakhale pali matenda. Nthawi zina, ubongo kapena meningal biopsy ndiyo njira yokhayo yomwe ingapangidwire.
Histoplasmosis yomwe imalowa m'katikati mwa mitsempha yambiri imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Pafupifupi 60 mpaka 80 peresenti ya odwala amayamba kuchipatala, malinga ndi a National Institutes of Health, koma pafupifupi theka la izi akhoza kubwerera m'zaka zapitazi. Ngati akudwala kachilomboka, odwala ena angafunike chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali-kapenanso ngakhale mankhwala otha kufikako.
Amphotericin B ndi chithandizo chovomerezeka kwa odwala omwe akudwala kupita kuchipatala. Anthu omwe ali odwala kwambiri angachiritsidwe bwino ndi itraconazole.
Mucormycosis
Mucormycosis ndi imodzi mwa matenda opatsirana kwambiri a m'magazi. Pamene bowawu imalowa mu ubongo kapena mitsempha yofunikira ya ubongo m'mimba, chiwerengero cha anthu akufa ndipamwamba kwambiri. Odwala owerengeka okha adachiritsidwa pansi pazimenezi.
Zipangayi zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa zimapezeka mwachilengedwe ndipo anthu onse amawonekera. Mofanana ndi matenda ambiri a fungus, pafupifupi zochitika zonse zaumunthu zimachitika pamene wodwala ali ndi matenda osadziwika.
Matenda a mucormycosis a ubongo amayamba kumayambitsa uchimo , pamene matendawa amatsanzira sinusitis ndi mutu , chisokonezo, ndi malungo. Bowawa limapha minofu mofulumira ndipo imatha kufalikira m'matendawa m'maso ndi ubongo. Kawirikawiri, bowa amatha kufika ku ubongo kudzera njira zina, monga atapatsidwa jekeseni m'magazi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mwamsanga pamene matenda a mucormycosis apangidwa, dotolo amafunika kuti athetse minofu yonse yakufa. Kuchita opaleshoniyi kungawonongeke, monga khungu la m'mphuno, mphuno ya diso, ndi pakamwa zonse ziyenera kuchotsedwa. Kumayambiriro koyambirira kwa amphamvu wotsutsa fungal monga amphotericin ndizofunikira. Ngakhale mwaukali, kupulumuka kwa ubongo woterewu mucormycosis sikokwanira.
Monga momwe mwaonera, matenda ambiri opatsirana pogonana amapezeka mwa anthu omwe ma chitetezo cha mthupi sagwira bwino. Ngakhale bowa ikhoza kukantha anthu wathanzi, matendawa ndi osowa. Izi zikuti, matendawa akhoza kukhala oopsa kwambiri, kapena opha, ndipo amafunika kuzindikira ndi kuthandizidwa mwamsanga.
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