Viral Meningitis ndi Zambiri
Liwu lakuti "meningitis" limatanthauza kutupa kwa meninges, zomwe zimakhala zofewa zozungulira ubongo ndi msana . Mankhwalawa akhoza kukwiyitsidwa ndi mabakiteriya, mavairasi, bowa, khansa, komanso mankhwala ena monga ibuprofen .
Maningitis omwe amabwera ndi mabakiteriya amatchedwa septic meningitis. Izi ndizodzidzidzi zamankhwala ndipo zimapempha chithandizo mwamsanga ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mwamwayi, mtundu uwu wa meningitis ndi wochuluka kuposa aseptic meningitis.
Mankhwala otchedwa aseptic meningitis amangotanthauza kugwiritsira ntchito meningitis osati chifukwa cha mabakiteriya, omwe amasiya zifukwa zambiri zomwe zingayambitse. Nthaŵi zambiri, aseptic meningitis siopseza moyo. Ngati ubongo umatulutsa kachilombo (an encephalitis ), vutoli ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Mitundu ina ya meningitis, monga yomwe imayambitsa herpes simplex , imakhala ndi chiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi encephalitis. Chifukwa chakuti meningitis ndi encephalitis zimayandikana kwambiri, madokotala ena amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "meningoencephalitis" pofotokoza matendawa panthawi imodzi.
Kodi Ndi Zizindikiro Ziti za Aseptic Meningitis ?
Zotsatira zachidule za meningitis ndi fever, khosi louma (nuchal rigidity), ndi mutu. Zizindikiro zina zikuphatikizapo kunyoza, kusanza ndi kuwonjezereka kwa mutu ndi kuwala (photophobia). Ana omwe ali okalamba okwanira angadandaule za kupweteka mutu kapena mseru.
Ngati meningitis nthawi zonse imayambitsa zizindikiro zonse zitatu, kugwiritsira ntchito meningitis kungakhale kophweka. Tsoka ilo, nthawi zambiri nthawi zambiri sizolunjika. Mu zovuta zochepa, zofufuza zapamwamba za khosi lolimba sizingakhale zoonekeratu. Kupanga matendawa ndi kovuta makamaka kwa ana, omwe angakhale aang'ono kwambiri kuti asanene mutu.
Ana akhoza kukhala ndi malungo komanso zizindikiro zowonongeka, monga kuthamanga, kutsegula m'mimba, kapena kusadya bwino.
Kodi Kawirikawiri Zimayambitsa Aseptic Meningitis?
Chifukwa chofala cha aseptic meningitis ndi matenda a tizilombo . Ndipotu, nthawi zina mawu akuti aseptic meningitis ndi viral meningitis amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha, ngakhale kuti zinthu zina monga zowonongeka kapena bowa zingayambitsenso aseptic meningitis. Ambiri mwa ife mwinamwake tinkakhala ndi mildptic aseptic meningitis m'mbuyomo, monga mutu pamene tili ndi chimfine. Komabe, aseptic meningitis ingabwererenso maonekedwe akuluakulu, ena mwa iwo angathe kupha.
Mavairasi amene amachititsa kuti maningitis akwane ana ali ndi mabanja otchedwa enteroviruses . Banja la tizilomboli limayambitsa pafupifupi 90% ya mankhwala onse odwala tizilombo. Banja la mavairasi amachititsanso kupweteketsa, kunyoza, kusanza, ndi zizindikiro zina za kupuma, komanso zowawa zomwe timakonda kucheza ndi odwala (myalgias). Ana oposa theka la ana oposa zaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri ali ndi nuchal rigidity. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amachira popanda vuto lalikulu, mtundu wina wotchedwa enterovirus 71 ndi wovuta kwambiri ndipo ukhoza kuchititsa kuti mitsempha yodwala imitsempha, kufooka, ndi mpweya wa mpweya.
Banja lina la mavairasi omwe amadziwika chifukwa chochititsa meningitis ndi herpes simplex HIV banja (HSV). Ambiri a ife timaganizira za kachilombo ka HIV ngati matenda opatsirana pogonana, koma kwenikweni, akhoza kufalikira kudzera njira zina. Kawirikawiri, chitetezo chathu cha mthupi chimapangitsa HSV kuti isabweretse vuto lalikulu, koma ngati HSV imachotsedwa, ndizovuta kwambiri pamtima. Encephalitis ndi wamba, zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka kwa matenda ndi ubongo monga kufooka, kusowa, ndi chisokonezo. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi HSV encephalitis amafa ngakhale atalandira chithandizo. Popanda chithandizo, chiwerengero chakufa chimakhala chokwanira.
Mwamwayi, HSV kawirikawiri imayambitsa zizindikiro zakuda monga fever, khosi, ndi mutu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zosavuta kuzizindikira ndikuzichita mwamsanga.
Arboviruses ndi mabanja a HIV omwe amanyamulidwa ndi udzudzu ndi nkhupakupa. Kawirikawiri, mitundu imeneyi ya meningoencephalitis ndi yofatsa kwambiri, ndi zosiyana kwambiri. Kachilombo kamene kamayambitsa mapulaneti a St. Louis encephalitis kuchokera ku meningitis ngati wofatsa mpaka matenda oopsa. La Crosse encephalitis nthawi zambiri imayambitsa kugwidwa ndi zizindikiro za m'mimba. Nthenda ya West Nile ingayambitsenso matenda ambiri, kuphatikizapo ziwalo ndi zofooka, makamaka akuluakulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kumadzulo kumadzulo kumakhala ndi zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri kwa ana kusiyana ndi akuluakulu, kuphatikizapo kugunda .
Mavairasi ambiri amatha kuyambitsa aseptic meningitis. Ana angatenge kachilombo ka parechovirus (HPEV), yomwe ingayambitse meningoencephalitis komanso ngakhale ziwalo. Zizindikiro zambiri, komabe, zimangokhala zokwiya, kutentha thupi, ndi kupsa mtima. Ana aang'ono angathenso kuvutika ndi congenital lymphocytic choriomeningitis HIV, yomwe ingabweretse mavuto aakulu a ubongo kuphatikizapo meningitis. Matenda a chiwewe amawopsa kwambiri chifukwa amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kutsekemera kwa meningitis n'kosavuta tsopano chifukwa cha katemera, ngakhale nthawi zina zikhoza kuwonedwa. Mwamwayi, kutsekemera kwa m'mimba mumatope ndi kosavuta komanso kopanda phindu.
Madokotala Amadziŵa Bwanji Aseptic Meningitis ndi Encephalitis?
Ngati pali vuto linalake kuti wina akhoza kukhala ndi matenda oopsa a meningitis kapena encephalitis, madokotala amayamba maantibayotiki nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale asanatsirize matendawa. Chifukwa chakuti mitundu ina ya meningoencephalitis imakhala yoopsa kwambiri, ngakhale kuyembekezera maola angapo oyenerera kuti ayesedwe kuti abwerere kungakhale yowopsya.
Choyamba ndikutsimikiza kuti palibe bacterial meningitis yomwe ilipo, yomwe imafuna kuti maantibayotiki ena ayambe mwamsanga. Potsirizira pake, njira yabwino kwambiri yodziwira meningitis ndi yokhala ndi lumbar . Mwa njirayi, singano imatsitsika pakati pa mafupa a kumbuyo mu thumba la cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pansipa pomwe msana wa msana umatha. Madokotala amafufuza zizindikiro za kutupa, monga maselo oyera ambiri a CSF kuposa momwe amayembekezera. Kugwiritsa ntchito galasi kumayang'ana mabakiteriya. Gulusi ndi mapuloteni amawerengedwanso. Ngati shuga ndi yotsika kwambiri, zikhoza kukhala chifukwa maselo oonjezera akuyambitsa shuga.
Ngati pali zizindikiro zokhudzidwa ndi kukakamiza kwapamwamba , monga kusintha kwa maganizo, khungu la CT limakhala likuchitidwa kaye kaye koyamba kuti zitsimikizo zowonongeka sizimayambitsa kupanikizika. Ngati kupanikizika pansi pa ubongo kuchotsedwa, kuwonjezeka kwachitsulo m'magazi kungasinthe ubongo kudzera mu dzenje laling'ono limene limatuluka, zomwe zingachititse munthu kufa ndi kufa.
Mayeso a magazi adzakopeka kuti ayang'ane zizindikiro za matenda kunja kwa dongosolo la manjenje. Mwazi udzakonzedwa kuti uone ngati mabakiteriya alionse amakula.
Ngati pali zizindikiro kapena zizindikiro zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kapena tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa cha kuopsa kwa matenda a HSV, mwachitsanzo, mayesero amathamangitsidwa kuti asawonetsetse kuti palibe HSV yomwe ilipo mu cerebrospinal fluid pambuyo pa kutuluka kwa lumbar .
Zachilengedwe Zosakhudzana ndi Aseptic Meningitis
Mitundu ina ya mabakiteriya sachita momwe tingaganizire ndi majeremusi omwe amachititsa kuti septic meningitis ichitike. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri septic meningitis, shuga ndi ofooka kwambiri. Komabe, shuga ikhoza kukhala yachilendo ngati matenda a Lyme , leptospirosis, ehrlichiosis, ndi syphilis .
Matenda ena amachepetsa shuga koma samawonekera m'matumbo omwe amayang'ana mabakiteriya. Mayesero apadera amafunika kuti afufuze chifukwa cha matenda a mitsempha omwe amachititsidwa ndi zamoyo izi. Matenda a fungal , chifuwa chachikulu, ndi listeria ndi zitsanzo za mitundu yochepa yomwe imayambitsa matenda a mitsempha omwe amatha kupeŵa kuyang'aniridwa pa machitidwe a CSF.
Mankhwala ena amachititsa kutupa kwa meninges. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti achite izi mwina ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe amatsutsana ndi kutupa (NSAID) monga ibuprofen. Maantibayotiki monga trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popiritsa matenda a mkodzo, amachititsanso kuti aseptic meningitis.
> Zotsatira:
> Rotbart HA. Viral meningitis. Semin Neurol 2000; 20: 277.
> John Attia; Limodzi; Deborah J. Cook; ndi al. Kodi Wodwala Wakulira Wathu Ali ndi Matenda Akumidzi Ovuta? JAMA. 1999; 282 (2): 175-181.