Maningitis ndi kutupa kwa meninges, minofu yomwe imaphimba ndi kuteteza ubongo ndi msana. Zimayambitsa matenda, koma zimayambitsidwa ndi khansa, mankhwala kapena zina zotupa. Pamene meningitis imayamba chifukwa cha matenda, kachilombo kawirikawiri ndi bakiteriya kapena kachilombo ka HIV.
Zomwe Zimayambitsa
Zotsatira za meningitis zimasiyana, ngakhale zomwe zimayambitsa kwambiri ndi mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi.
Matenda ena amatha kuchitika, ndipo amapezeka pakati pa anthu omwe alibe ma chitetezo a chitetezo, ngakhale kuti matenda opatsirana opatsirana amatha kukhudza aliyense.
Matenda a Bakiteriya
Pali mitundu yambiri ya mabakiteriya omwe amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mabakiteriya ndi omwe amachititsa kuti munthu ayambe kugwiritsira ntchito matendawa.
- Ana obadwa: Gulu B Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli
- Ana ndi ana: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b (Hib), gulu B Streptococcus
- Achinyamata ndi achinyamata: Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Achikulire: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Haemophilus influenzae mtundu b (Hib), gulu B Streptococcus, Listeria monocytogenes
- Chifuwa chachikulu cha meningitis sikuti chimagwirizanitsidwa ndi gulu linalake, ndipo ndi mtundu woopsa wa meningitis umene ungapite patsogolo mofulumira.
Matenda a Viral
Viral meningitis ingakhudze anthu a misinkhu yonse, koma ana osapitirira zaka zisanu ndi asanu ndi omwe omwe chitetezo chawo cha mthupi chafooka ndi matenda, mankhwala kapena kuikapo ali pangozi yaikulu. Makanda osapitirira mwezi umodzi komanso anthu omwe ali ndi mphamvu zoziteteza kuthupi amakhalanso ndi vuto lalikulu la matenda a mening pamene akupeza.
Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi:
- Enterovirus
- Amagwedeza
- Measels
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda
- Vuto la Herpes simplex
- Varicella zoster-HIV yomwe imayambitsa nkhuku
Fungal ndi Parasitic Meningitis
Ngakhale kuti ndizosazolowereka kusiyana ndi mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi, meningitis ingayambidwe ndi matenda opatsirana ndi oopsa, makamaka pakati pa anthu omwe alibe kachilombo ka HIV.
Zinthu Zowopsa kwa Matenda Otsekula Mankhwala
Ndikofunika kudziwa kuti ngakhale kuti matenda ena angayambitse matenda a meningitis, ngati muli ndi kachilombo kayambitsa matenda a meningitis, simungathe kupeza meningitis, monga momwe matenda a meningitis ndikumaganizira za matenda, osati zotsatira za matenda.
Matenda opatsirana opatsirana amachititsidwa ndi zifukwa zingapo, kuphatikizapo msinkhu wanu, mphamvu ya chitetezo cha mthupi lanu, kumene mudapita, opaleshoni iliyonse yomwe mwakhala nayo, komanso ngati muli ndi matenda ena atsopano.
- Ukalamba: Magulu ena amsinkhu ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda a meningitis. Ana, ana, ndi omwe ali okalamba amakhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a mimba kusiyana ndi achikulire kapena akuluakulu akuluakulu.
- Ana, mwachitsanzo, amapezeka kuti akudwala matenda a meningitis chifukwa nthawi zambiri sanalandire katemera onse, ndipo matenda ena ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti matenda a mimba asatetezedwe ndi katemera.
- Ana ali pangozi yaikulu ya meningitis, kawirikawiri chifukwa chakuti ana athanzi amakhala ndi matenda opatsirana kawirikawiri pamlingo wapamwamba kusiyana ndi achikulire odwala.
- Okalamba achikulire ambiri amakhulupirira kuti ali ndi mphamvu zochepa zowonongeka. Okalamba achikulire angakhalenso ndi maulendo opititsa kuchipatala komanso odwala, omwe amachititsa kuti anthu ena omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV akhudzidwe.
- Kutengera kwa amayi: Kubereka kwa amayi kupita kwa mwana kumakula ngati mayi ali ndi kachilombo ka nthenda yoberekera yomwe ingayambitse chiwindi mwa mwana wakhanda, monga herpes.
- Kumeneko kwa Umuna: Anthu omwe alibe kachilombo koyambitsa chitetezo cha m'thupi amakhala pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga matenda opatsirana pogonana. Kulephera kuteteza thupi kumatha chifukwa cha mankhwala osokoneza bongo, chemotherapy, kapena matenda omwe amachititsa chitetezo cha mthupi, monga HIV kapena lupus.
Mankhwala a mankhwala
Matenda a mitsempha angayambidwe chifukwa cha kutupa kwa mankhwala ena ndi njira. Mwachitsanzo, ma antibiotic angapo ndi NSAID akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi aseptic meningitis, kutanthauza meningitis yomwe siilimbana. Njira zina zamagwiridwe, komanso ngakhale kutsekemera, zimachititsa aseptic meningitis, ngakhale kuti sizolowereka.
Khansa
Khansa ya metastasis (kufalikira) kuchokera kulikonse mu thupi ikhoza kupita ku meninges. Maselo a kansa amatha kuwononga mitsempha ndipo angayambitse kutentha.
Sungani bwino
Matenda angapo, omwe amachititsa kuti lupus ndi sarcoidosis, athandizidwe ndi kutupa kwa meningitis. Muzochitika izi, zizindikiro za meningitis zimakhalapo ndipo kutupa kulipo, koma palibe chodziwika chokhala ndi matenda opatsirana, ndipo matendawa angapangidwe ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Zochitika Zowopsa Kwamoyo
Pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimawopsa chifukwa cha matendawa. Zowopsazi zimapangitsa munthu kukhala ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda.
Kuika Sukulu
Sukulu ya ana okalamba, ana aang'ono omwe amapita kusamalira tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi aphunzitsi awo, onse ali pangozi kapena meningitis chifukwa cha kuyandikana kwawo tsiku ndi tsiku. Zipangizo zogawidwa ndi zinthu zina zingapangitse kufalikira kwa matenda.
Malo Okhazikika
Moyo wophunzira dorm wa sukulu ya koleji, umene umaphatikizapo kugawa malo okhala ndi anthu ena ambiri, kumawonjezera chiopsezo cha meningitis. Mofananamo, magulu a masewera ndi magulu a masewera omwe amayenda pamodzi ali pangozi yowopsa kwambiri.
Kugwira Ntchito ndi Nyama
Zoonotic meningitis imakhudza anthu omwe amagwira ntchito kapena kusewera kwambiri ndi zinyama, komanso anthu omwe amakhala m'madera omwe mabakiteriya amapezeka m'zinyama.
Kugonana
Pali matenda ambiri opatsirana pogonana omwe angabweretse ku meningitis. Mwachitsanzo, kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a syphilis akhoza kukhala meningitis. Matenda a HIV, omwe ndi opatsirana pogonana, akhoza kuteteza chitetezo cha mthupi, kuti chikhale chotheka kuti matenda akhale meningitis.
Ulendo
Kuyenda kungapangitse chiopsezo cha matenda a meningococcal. Kuwonetsera kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zomwe simunayambe mwaziwonapo, monga chifuwa chachikulu, mwachitsanzo, zimakhala zovuta ngati mukupita ku dera kumene matendawa ali ovuta. Izi zingakuchititseni kuti mukhale ndi chiopsezo chowonjezereka chotchedwa meningitis.
> Zotsatira:
> Lv S, Guo YH, Nguyen HM, et al. Nkhono za Pomacea zosafunika ndizofunika kwambiri za Angiostrongylus cantonensis ku Laos, Cambodia ndi Vietnam: Zotsatira za kuphulika kwa matenda a eosinophilic meningitis. Acta Trop. 2018 Mar 21; 183: 32-35. lembani: 10.1016 / j.actatropica.2018.03.021. [Epub patsogolo pa kusindikiza]
> Turk VE, Šimić I, Makar-Aušperger K, Radačić-Aumiler M. Amoxicillin-anachititsa aseptic meningitis: Lipoti la nkhani ndi kuwonanso zochitika zofalitsidwa. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2016 Sep; 54 (9): 716-8. lembani: 10.5414 / CP202645.