Anthu ambiri samadziwa ngati akudwala, makamaka ngati alibe kale. Zingakhalenso zovuta kuti mudziwe ngati kugwidwa kwanu ndiko kugwidwa kapena kugonjetsedwa, ndipo mwinamwake mukuda nkhawa kuti mudziwe zomwe zonsezi zikutanthawuza.
Kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu ndikumangirira kumene kumabwera chifukwa cha ntchito zamagetsi zosavuta kumadera ena mu ubongo.
Ubongo kawirikawiri umagwira ntchito yosamalira ntchito monga kubweretsa malingaliro ndi machitidwe pamene maselo a ubongo "amayankhulana" wina ndi mnzake potumiza zizindikiro zamagetsi. Pamene magetsi amathira moto molakwika, ubongo ungapangitse zinthu zosafuna, monga kugwedezeka.
Zizindikiro ndi mawonedwe a kugwidwa ali ndi zizindikiro, zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chodziwitsa zomwe zimayambitsa kugwidwa ndi kuthandizira kudziwa ngati zili zenizeni kapena zenizeni. Chithandizo cha kugwidwa kowonongeka kaŵirikaŵiri kumatsogoleredwa ndi kuti ndizo kugwidwa kapena kugwidwa kwadzidzidzi.
Kodi Chokhazikika Ndi Chiyani?
Kugonjetsedwa ndizosasinthika (osati cholinga) kusintha kwa chidziwitso kapena kusuntha kumeneku chifukwa cha ntchito zopanda mphamvu zamagetsi mu ubongo. Kutsekedwa kwapadera (komwe kumadziwikanso kuti kupweteka kwapadera) kumatchedwa "focal" chifukwa ntchito ya magetsi imayambira kudera laling'ono mu ubongo ndipo ikhoza kufalikira kapena kufalikira kuti ikhale ndi malo akuluakulu a ubongo.
Nthaŵi zina, kugwidwa koyamba kumayambira mbali yaying'ono ya ubongo ndipo kumaphatikizapo mbali zonse za ubongo-koma zimaganiziridwabe ngati zimachokera ku dera limodzi la ubongo.
Zisonyezero za kugwidwa kwakukulu zingaphatikizepo kusuntha kosasunthika kapena kugwedeza kwa gawo laling'ono la thupi, kugwedeza thupi lonse, kusokonezeka , kuchepetsa kuchenjeza, kapena kusazindikira kwathunthu.
Masowa Otsatira Otsutsana ndi Kugonjetsedwa Kwambiri
Mitundu ina ya kugwidwa imatchedwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwadzidzidzi, komwe kumayamba ndi kugwira ntchito zamagetsi zosaoneka bwino mu ubongo. Chifukwa chiopsezo chikhoza kufalikira mofulumira, kuchititsa zizindikiro zoopsa , nthawi zina kugwidwa ndi kugwidwa kwadzidzidzi kungawonetseke kofanana kwambiri.
Kusiyanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kugwidwa kwadzidzidzi ndi kwadzidzidzi kumaphatikizapo:
- Kugwiritsidwa ntchito koyamba kumayamba ndi zizindikiro monga kupuma kapena kupweteka kwa minofu mbali imodzi ya nkhope, mkono, kapena mwendo zizindikiro zisanakhale zosintha kusintha kapena zofala zowonjezereka. Kugonjetsedwa kwachibadwa kumawonetsa zizindikiro zapachilendo, monga kutayika kwa chidziwitso kapena kupweteka kwa thupi kuyambira pachiyambi.
- Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kungapangitse zizindikiro zowonjezera zofooka monga Todd's paralysis pambuyo pa kutha, pomwe kugonjetsedwa kwachibadwa sikuchitika.
- Munthu amene wagwidwa ndi magetsi angakhale ndi magetsi olakwika pamadera amodzi pa kuyesedwa kwa electroencephalogram (EEG), pamene munthu amene akudwala matendawa amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika kwambiri.
- Kugonjetsedwa kungagwirizane ndi zosavuta pazithunzi zojambula za ubongo zomwe zikugwirizana ndi zizindikiro zoyamba kugwidwa kapena chitsanzo cha EEG. Kugonjetsa kwachibadwa sikukugwirizana kwambiri ndi mgwirizano wotere pakati pa kujambula kwa ubongo ndi zizindikiro za kulanda kapena njira za EEG.
Kawirikawiri, ngati muli ndi vuto lalikulu lomwe limayambira mu gawo limodzi la ubongo, nkotheka kuti mukhale ndi matenda omwe amachokera ku dera lina la ubongo. Zithakanso kuti munthu adziwe kuti ali ndi vutoli.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za kugwidwa kogonana zimasiyana ndipo zingayambe ndi kufotokoza mofatsa, kugwedeza, kapena kupuma kwa gawo limodzi la thupi. Kwa mphindi zingapo kapena maminiti pang'ono, zizindikirozo zikhoza kuwonjezeka kapena zingadzichepetse paokha ngati ntchito yowopsa yamagetsi mu ubongo imafalikira kapena imatha.
Kutenga kungakhale koopsa mofulumira kotero kuti chiwonetsero choyamba chodziwika cha kugwidwa kwakukulu kokha kungawoneke kukhala kolimba kwambiri, ndipo sichiwoneka kuti chimayang'ana kwambiri.
Zizindikiro zoyamba za kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri zingaphatikizepo izi:
- Kuthamanga nkhope, mutu, mkono, mwendo kapena thupi, kupuma kapena kukwapula
- Kusuntha kwachabechabe kapena kolakwika
- Kugwedeza kapena kugwedeza
- Kudziwa kuchepa
- Kutaya chidziwitso
Zimayambitsa
Kugonjetsedwa kwapadera kumayambitsidwa ndi dera la ubongo lomwe limakhala lopanda ntchito zamagetsi zolakwika. Zochita zamagetsi izi zikhoza kukhalapo kuyambira kubadwa, ndipo nthawi zina kugwidwa koopsa kumayambira chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa ubongo nthawi iliyonse ali mwana kapena wamkulu.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kugwidwa koopsa ndizo:
- Congenital (wochokera kubadwa)
- Mutu wachisoni
- Matenda a ubongo
- Sitiroko
- Matenda a ubongo
- Chida chosawonongeka cha magazi mu ubongo
Kudziwa
Kugonjetsedwa kwapadera kumapezeka ndi kuphatikiza zinthu, zomwe zikuphatikizapo:
- Mbiri ya zachipatala: Ngati wayamba kugwidwa ndi matenda aakulu pambuyo poti wagwidwa ndi ubongo wa ubongo, ali ndi mwayi waukulu kuti akugonjetsa kwambiri.
- Kufotokozera za kugwidwa: Dokotala wanu mwina sanaonepo kugonjetsa kwanu, ndipo ngati mukukumbukira zochitika ngati zachilendo kapena zochitika za thupi lanu, izi zikusonyeza kugonjetsa. Mofananamo, ngati mboni zikuwona kusuntha kwa mbali imodzi ya thupi lanu musanayambe kapena pamene mukugwidwa, izi zimathandizanso kuti munthu adziwe kuti ali ndi vutoli. Ngati mwakhala ndi khunyu kanthawi kochepa mutatha kulandira, izi zikutanthawuzanso kuti ndizofunika kwambiri.
- Kuyezetsa thupi: Kufufuza kwanu kungathandize dokotala kudziwa ngati mwadwala matenda omwe angakuchititseni kuti mukhale odwala, monga stroke.
- Kuyesera kuganiza kwa ubongo: Nthawi zina kuyezetsa ubongo kumasonyeza malo amodzi ovulala ubongo kapena matenda omwe akugwirizana ndi kugwidwa kotheratu. Komabe, nthawi zambiri, kugwidwa kogonana sikugwirizane ndi mgwirizano pa kuyesa kuganiza kwa ubongo.
- EEG: Kugonjetsedwa kwapadera kungagwirizane ndi malo ofunika kwambiri a magetsi pa EEG makamaka makamaka, nthawi, kapena pambuyo pake.
Chithandizo
Pali njira zambiri zamankhwala zomwe zingakuthandizeni kuti mugwire ntchito. Izi zikuphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala: Pali mankhwala angapo oletsa kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuthetsa vutoli.
- Opaleshoni: Kuchotsedwa kwa zilonda ngati pali chotupa chochotseratu chomwe chimayambitsa kupweteka, monga chotupa.
- Kuchita opaleshoni ya khunyu : Pali njira zingapo zothandizira zomwe zingalepheretse kugwidwa kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khunyu.
Kuthamangitsani
Ngati mwakhumudwa kwambiri, akhoza kubwerera kapena akhoza kusintha okha. Zimakhala zovuta kufotokozera kuopsa kwa nthawi zam'tsogolo. Ngati mwakhala ndi vuto limodzi kapena kuposerapo, ndikofunikira kupeza chithandizo chamankhwala. Gulu lanu la zamankhwala lidzachita kafukufuku woyenera kuti muwone ngati mukufuna kumwa mankhwala kapena kuchita opaleshoni kuti muteteze kuchipatala.
Kwachidziwikire, anthu ambiri omwe akudwala matendawa amatha kuwongolera okha kapena amawongolera bwino mankhwala ndi kuchipatala.
Kulemba
Malingana ndi mndandanda wa 2017 wa kugwidwa ndi International League Against Epilepsy, pali magulu angapo a kugwidwa koopsa. Zigawozi zimachokera pa zinthu zingapo, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.
- Kuzindikira: Kungakhale yachibadwa kapena kuchepa.
- Maulendo a Thupi: Kugwidwa kungakhale kosagwirizana ndi kayendetsedwe kodzidzimutsa. Zizindikiro zamagalimoto zomwe zimagwiridwa ndi kugwidwa kwakukulu zimatchulidwa monga atonic, automatisms, clonic, matenda a khunyu, kapena hyperkinetic, myoclonic, kapena tonic. Zizindikiro zosagwirizana ndi kugwidwa kwakukulu zimatchulidwa monga kudziyimira, kudzimangirira khalidwe, kuzindikira, maganizo, kapena kusokonezeka maganizo.
Mawu Ochokera
Zokhumudwitsa zili zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri kwa inu ndi okondedwa anu. Ngati mukudwala matendawa, nkofunika kulandira chithandizo mwamsanga. Panthawi yomweyo, gulu lanu lachipatala lidzagwira ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti kugwidwa kwanu sikukhala kwa nthawi yayitali, mwinamwake kuyambitsa mankhwala kuti asiye kulanda.
Mukakhala osasunthika, madokotala anu amagwira ntchito kuti adziwe chomwe chimayambitsa kapena mtundu wanu wa kulanda ndipo angayambe kupanga ndondomeko yothandizira nthawi yaitali kuti mupewe kugwidwa, ngati kuli kofunikira. Ngakhale kuti kugwidwa kumakhala kovuta, ndikofunika kuti mudziwe kuti kugonjetsedwa kwakukulu kumayendetsedwa ndi mankhwala kapena opaleshoni.
> Zotsatira:
> Nambala Yatsopano Yophulika ndi International League Against Epilepsy 2017, Fisher RS, Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2017 Jun; 17 (6): 48. lembani: 10.1007 / s11910-017-0758-6.