Matenda a khunyu , omwe amadziwikanso kuti matenda a chiwombankhanga ndi chikhalidwe chomwe chimadziwika kuti chimakhala chogwedezeka. Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a khunyu kapena matenda opatsirana a chifukwa chilichonse, mungafunikire kumwa mankhwala amodzi kapena amodzi (anti-seizure mankhwala) kuti muchepetse mwayi wanu wodwalayo.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti ubongo ukhale wotsekemera.
Amatchedwanso anticonvulsants, ndipo amapezeka ndi mankhwalawa chifukwa ndi mankhwala amphamvu.
Pali mankhwala osokoneza bongo okwana 30 omwe alipo. Mankhwala osokoneza bongo osiyanasiyana ali ndi zochita zamagetsi zomwe zimapangitsa ena mwa iwo kukhala oyenerera kusamalira matenda anu okhudzidwa kuposa ena. Mankhwala ambiri oterewa amalekerera ndi othandiza, koma akhoza kubweretsa zotsatira. Ngati mutenga mankhwala amodzi kapena angapo, ndibwino kudziwa bwino zotsatira zake kuti muwazindikire ngati mutakumana nawo.
Zochita ndi Zotsatira Zotsatira za Anticonvulsants Wamba
Levetiracetam imadziwikanso ndi dzina lakuti Keppra. Imodzi mwa anticonvulsants yomwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kwa ana ndi akulu ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito mophatikiza limodzi ndi anticonvulsants limodzi kapena ambiri.
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kutopa, chizungulire, kupsinjika maganizo, kukhumudwa, ndi matenda.
Kawirikawiri, ikhoza kugwirizanitsidwa ndi mavuto aakulu monga maselo a magazi otsika, psychosis ndi matenda a Steven Johnson. Ichi ndi matenda osadziwika bwino omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro za chimfine komanso zilonda zamakhungu, zomwe zingayambitse matenda owopsa kapena kuwonongeka kwa madzi.
Phenytoin ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala akale kwambiri a antiticonvulsant ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Dilantin.
Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi ma antionvulsants ena pofuna kuthana ndi chiopsezo kwa ana ndi akulu.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kutopa, kuvutika kuika maganizo, masomphenya awiri, ndi gingival hypertrophy (kukula kwa chingamu).
Nthawi zambiri, mavuto aakulu monga maselo a magazi, kuchepa kwa chiwindi, ndi matenda a Steven Johnson angathe kuchitika.
Carbamazepine amadziwika ndi mayina otchedwa Tegretol ndi Carbatrol. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena yogwirizana ndi anticonvulsants ena pofuna kuthana ndi kufooka kwa ana ndi akulu. Carbamazepine imagwiritsidwanso ntchito pochizira ululu umene umakhudzana ndi zinthu monga matenda a ubongo ndi trigeminal neuralgia .
Tegretol ikhoza kuyambitsa chizungulire, masomphenya ophwanyika kapena awiri kawiri khungu. Kuthamanga kwa khungu kungapite patsogolo ndipo kumakhala koopsa, ndipo ngakhale kukhoza kupha. Carbamazepine ikhozanso kuyambitsa kunyoza, kusanza, kutsekula m'mimba, ndi kuchepa kwa ma sodium. Nthaŵi zambiri, kuchepa kwakukulu m'modzi mwa maselo oyera a m'magazi, otchedwa neutrophils, kuchepa kwa magazi m'thupi, kulephera kwa chiwindi, ndi matenda a Steven-Johnson akhoza kuchitika.
Valproic acid amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Depakote. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena a anticonvulsants kwa ana ndi akulu.
Valproic acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyendetsa matenda opatsirana omwe amakhudzidwa ndi chitukuko cha ubwana monga Matenda a Mnyamata Myoclonic ndi Lennox-Gastaut Syndrome komanso ndi vuto lalikulu la kuchepa kwa amayi.
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kutopa, kunjenjemera, kupwetekedwa m'mimba, kutaya tsitsi, kulemera kwambiri ndi kuvulaza mosavuta. Kawirikawiri, kulephera kwa chiwindi ndi kusasamba kwa msambo kungathe kuchitika. Kulephera kwa kubadwa kungabweretse ana azimayi omwe amatenga valproic acid panthawi yoyembekezera
Gabapentin amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Neurontin. Awa ndi mankhwala owonjezera pa khunyu. Gabapentin imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popewera mikhalidwe yowawa, monga ululu wa ubongo ndi mutu.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kutopa komanso chizungulire.
Phenobarbital ndi imodzi mwa anticonvulsants yakale komanso yodziwika kwambiri. Phenobarbital ingagwiritsidwe ntchito yokha kapena kuphatikiza ndi mankhwala ena a anticonvulsants kwa ana ndi akulu.
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kutopa, vuto loyang'ana komanso kusalankhula.
Primidone amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Mysoline. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kulamulira ana. Ntchito ina ya Primidone ndizochiza matenda omwe amatchedwa ' kutentha kwakukulu ', komwe kumawopsya ndi kugwedezeka kwa manja, makamaka panthawi yamavuto.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kutayika, kusakhazikika, kutopa, nystagmus (kayendedwe ka maso kodzikuza) ndi kusanza.
Topiramate ndi anticonvulsant yomwe imadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Topamax. Topiramate amagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizapo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nthawi zina, Topiramate imagwiritsidwa ntchito popewera ululu wa migraine kapena ululu wa m'mimba.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kukwiya, zovuta kuikapo. kulemera kwa thupi ndi kumenyedwa.
Kawirikawiri, zotsatira zoyipa monga glaucoma, miyala ya impso komanso kutentha kwambiri (makamaka kwa ana) zingachitike.
Oxcarbazepine amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Trileptal. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito yokha kapena yogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena ndipo nthawi zina imagwiritsidwanso ntchito popweteka.
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kugona, pakamwa, khungu komanso masomphenya.
Mofanana ndi carbamazepine, kawirikawiri imayambitsa kuchepa kwa magazi komanso kutupa khungu.
Tiagabine amadziwika ndi dzina lake Gabitril. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthandizira anthu akuluakulu komanso ana akuluakulu.
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kutengeka, kusokoneza mavuto, mavuto ndi zowawa za m'mimba. Kawirikawiri, izo zimayambitsa kuyabwa ndi kusungunuka kwa khungu.
Lamotrigine amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Lamictal. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthandizira anthu akuluakulu ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi amodzi a anticonvulsants ogwiritsidwa ntchito zovuta kusamalira matenda a khunyu. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pa kasamalidwe ka matenda a maganizo ochititsa munthu kusinthasintha zochitika (matenda omwe amadziwika ndi zizindikiro za kuvutika maganizo komanso zochitika za mania.)
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, masomphenya awiri, kutentha, kunyoza, ndi kupweteka. Matenda a Steven Johnson angakhoze kuchitika, koma kawirikawiri
Ethosuximide amadziwika ndi dzina lake Zarontin. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mtundu wina wa kulanda wotchedwa Petit Mal kugwidwa kapena kutengeka. Mtundu woterewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pobisala kapena kuyang'ana mu mlengalenga, osati mwa kusintha kwa thupi.
Zotsatira zoyipa zimaphatikizapo kugona, kupweteka mutu, chizungulire, kukwiya, kuchepa kwa chilakolako komanso kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa maselo oyera.
Zonisamide , wodziwika ndi dzina lakuti Zonegran, imagwiritsidwa ntchito pophatikizana ndi anticonvulsant.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo chizungulire, kugona, kusokonezeka, kukhumudwa, kusowa mtima komanso kusowa chakudya. Kutentha, malungo, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha magazi ndi miyala ya impso.
Clobazam amadziwika ndi dzina lake Onfi. Ndiwemadzimadzi komanso wamagetsi ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito pofuna kuchiza matenda a khunyu.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kugona, chizunguliro, kukwiya, ndi kukhumudwa.
Clonazepam amadziwika ndi dzina lakuti Klonopin. Ndizokwezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamodzi ndi anticonvulsants kuti asamalidwe, makamaka kugwidwa kwa ana.
Zotsatirapo zimaphatikizapo kugona, kusokonezeka, kuvutika maganizo, ndi kuyabwa.
Anticonvulsants Emergency
Mankhwala ena omwe sanagwiritsidwe ntchito popewera katemera angagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi yovuta. Ngati mwakhala mukupita kuchipatala chifukwa cha kugwidwa kwakukulu kapena kupweteka komwe sikunaphweke mosavuta, ndizotheka kuti muwone mndandanda wanu kuti munapatsidwa Lorazepam, dzina lakuti Ativan kapena Diazepam , dzina lake Valium. Mankhwalawa amatha kubweretsa msangamsanga, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuphatikizapo chizungulire, kutopa, chisokonezo ndi kulankhula kosavuta. Mankhwalawa sakuvomerezedwa kuti agwiritse ntchito nthawi zonse kapena kupewa kupewa.
Mawu Ochokera
Anticonvulsants amagwirizana ndi neurons mu ubongo kuti achepetse ntchito, koma onse ali ndi njira zosiyana zothandizira kukanika. Kawirikawiri, ndizosavuta kumwa mowa kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ngati mukusowa mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ngati mukukumana ndi mavuto ena onse, muyenera kuchipatala. Ndizosatetezeka kuti muyimitse mwadzidzidzi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Muyenera kutsata malangizo a dokotala mukamayambitsa kapena kuimitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo komanso ngati mukukonzekera kutenga mimba kapena ngati mwatenga mimba, mulole kuti gulu lanu lachipatala lidziwe nthawi yomweyo, monga momwe amodzi ambiri amathandizira kubereka.
> Zotsatira:
> Weston J, et al. Monotherapy chithandizo cha khunyu pamene ali ndi mimba: zotsatira zowonongeka kwa mwana. Msonkhano wa Cochrane Rev. Rev. 2016 Nov 7; 11: CD010224.