Kugonjetsa kwafupipafupi kumayendetsedwa bwino ndi mankhwala oletsa kupatsirana. Komabe, anthu ena odwala matenda a khunyu agwidwa ndi matenda omwe sagwiritsidwe ntchito bwino ndi mankhwala. Njira zothandizira odwala matenda a khunyu akhalapo pakati pa chithandizo chamankhwala kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo ena mwa iwo amene ali ndi vuto la kulanda akhala akukula bwino kwambiri zizindikiro pambuyo pa opaleshoni ya khunyu.
Mitundu yambiri yogonjetsa imakhala yosamalitsa ndi mankhwala oletsa kupweteka. Komabe, mitundu yonse ya kugwidwa ikhoza kukhala mankhwala osagwira ntchito kapena osasokonezeka. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kupweteka kumapitirirabe kuchitika pamlingo wosavomerezeka ngakhale pamene mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsidwa ntchito akuwonjezeka, kapena ngati mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito osiyanasiyana akugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nthawi zina, munthu amene akudwala matenda a khunyu amakhala ndi zotsatira zosalephereka ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe sangathe kufika pa mlingo womwe ungathetseretu kugwidwa. Muzochitika izi, pamene khunyu ikupezeka yosasinthika komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala, opaleshoni ikhoza kuganiziridwa ngati njira.
Zifukwa Zomwe Kudwala Kwambiri Kungagwirizane ndi Opaleshoni
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kugwidwa. Mitunduyi imagawidwa kuchokera ku zizindikiro zingapo, monga zizindikiro zogwirizana, nthawi zambiri zomwe zimagwidwa, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwala, chigawo cha ubongo kumene kugwidwa kumene kumayambira, komanso ngati pali matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi vutoli.
Anthu ena amene amakumana ndi vutoli angapindule ndi opaleshoni ya khunyu.
Pamene kugwidwa kumayamba chifukwa cha zotupa, matenda ena ndi zolakwika zina: Pamene mliri umayamba chifukwa cha kukula kapena kupweteka mu ubongo, kuchotsa minofu nthawi zambiri ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chiwopsezo .
Kugonjetsa kobwerezabwereza kungayambidwe ndi zotupa za ubongo, zotupa zamatenda kuchokera ku khansa m'thupi, matenda, ziphuphu, matupi achilendo, zida za magazi ndi zotupa zotupa. Malinga ndi malo, kukula, ndi mitundu yambiri ya zilonda mu ubongo, zingatheke kapena sizingatheke kuti muchotse bwinobwino.
Pamene kugwidwa ndi kugwidwa kwakukulu: Kugonjetsedwa kumatchulidwa kawirikawiri monga kuyamba kwapadera kapena kutuluka kwadzidzidzi. Zomwe zimayambira pazimene zimayambira zimayamba ndi ntchito zamagetsi zosaoneka bwino m'madera amodzi kapena angapo a ubongo. Izi kawirikawiri zimatulukiridwa malinga ndi zizindikiro kapena zolemba za EEG ndipo zikhoza kusonyeza kapena zosawonetsa zolakwika zofanana ndi zojambula za ubongo monga Brain MRI. Pamene kugwidwa kotheratu ndi mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito, opaleshoni ya khunyu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo akuluakulu opangira magetsi mu ubongo kuti athetse vutoli.
Pamene kugwidwa ndi kugwidwa kwadzidzidzi: Kugonjetsedwa kwachibadwa , mosiyana ndi kugwidwa, kumayamba ndi magetsi omwe amakhudza ubongo wonse. Izi zingachititse kuti zikhale zovuta kuzindikira malo ena a ubongo chifukwa cha opaleshoni ya khunyu. Pali njira zopangira opaleshoni zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chiwerengero cha kugonjetsedwa kwa mankhwala osagwira ntchito.
Njirazi zingaphatikizepo kuchotsa kapena kudula dera la ubongo, monga corpus callosum, yomwe imalimbikitsa kugwirizana kwa magetsi pakati pa mbali zosiyanasiyana za ubongo.
Pamene muli ndi matenda a khunyu: Dokotala wanu adakupezerani kuti muli ndi syndromes yodwala khunyu. Izi syndromes ndi zikhalidwe zomwe zimakhala zofanana, monga mtundu wa kulanda, kuchuluka kwa nthawi, zaka zomwe iwo amayamba, ndi kugwirizana kwa EEG kapena MRI zosafunikira. Mwachitsanzo, matenda a Rasmussen , ndi matenda osadziwika bwino omwe amadziwika ndi kupweteka kosavuta komwe kumayambitsidwa ndi kutupa kwa ubongo.
Opaleshoni Yopereotype ndi Open Craniotomy
Pali njira zikuluzikulu ziwiri za opaleshoni ya khunyu: opaleshoni ya stereotactic ndi craniotomy yotseguka. Opaleshoni yapamwamba ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito waya kapena chubu, yomwe imayikidwa kudutswa kakang'ono mu gaga kuti ifike kumalo omwe amaloledwa mu ubongo. Chingwe chotseguka ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni yomwe imaphatikizapo kuchotsa (ndipo kenako, kubwezeretsedwa) kwa gawo laling'ono kapena lalikulu la gaga (cranium) kuti athetse vutoli.
Njira zonsezi zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri, ndipo zonsezi zimakhala zotetezeka m'manja. Gulu lanu lochita opaleshoni lidzasankha njira yoyenera yopaleshoni kwa inu pogwiritsa ntchito zifukwa zingapo, monga njira yabwino yolumikizira malo omwe mumalowera pamtundu wanu wa matenda a khunyu komanso zotsatira za kuyesa kwanu koyambirira.
Mitundu Yopaleshoni Yokhunyu
Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zopaleshoni za khunyu, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
Vagal nerve stimulator: Vagal nerve stimulator ndi chida chimene chimayambitsa mitsempha ya vagus, yomwe ili ndi mitsempha yomwe ili pamtanda. Kupititsa patsogolo magetsi kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa anthu ena omwe akudwala matenda a khunyu.
Neurostimulator: Wothandizira khungu ndi kachidutswa kakang'ono kamene kamakonzedwa m'magazi ndi mawaya omwe amaikidwa pamwamba ndi / kapena mkati mwa ubongo. Neurostimulator imadziŵa ntchito iliyonse yamagetsi yosagwira ntchito yomwe ingayambitse kupweteka. Pamene zowonongeka zimapezeka, chipangizochi chimapangitsa mphamvu ya magetsi kumadera ena a ubongo omwe amalepheretsa kugwidwa.
Kuperekera kwa mankhwala osakanikirana ndi laser: Awa ndiwo mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito omwe amagwiritsa ntchito lasers kapena ma radiation kuti awononge mliri womwe ukuchititsa kuti ugwe.
Corpus Callosotomy: Corpus callosum ndi mtolo wofunikira wa mitsempha yomwe imalola mbali yokhoma ndi yolondola ya ubongo kukambirana. Uwu ndi mtundu wa opaleshoni ya khunyu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa kugwidwa kapena kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kugwidwa kwachibadwa mwa kuchepetsa kulankhulana pakati pa mbali ziwiri za ubongo.
Mitundu yambiri yamagulu: Njira iyi imaphatikizapo kudula kachigawo kakang'ono ka ubongo pofuna kupewa kutsekemera kwa kuyamba kapena kufalikira. Chiguduli chimakonzedwa kuti chichepe chiwonongeke.
Kuyanjanitsa kwapadera: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadera ndiko kuchotsa kachigawo kakang'ono ka ubongo. Njira imeneyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene dera lina la ubongo limapezeka kuti ndilo loyambitsa matendawa, ndipo pamene kuchotsedwa kwa dera limenelo sikukuwonetseratu kutaya kwa thupi.
Lobar resection: Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwachitsulo kukufanana ndi kugwirizanitsa (kochepa), koma kumaphatikizapo kuchotsedwa kwa mbali yaikulu ya ubongo. Chifukwa chogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo amachititsa kuti thupi liwonongeke chifukwa cha kukula kwake, magulu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri amavomerezedwa ngati n'kotheka.
Mtundu Woyenera wa Opaleshoni Yachifuwa Kwa Inu
Mtundu wa opaleshoni umene mungafunike umadalira mtundu wa khunyu womwe muli nawo, komanso zotsatira zanu zowonongeka. Kuyezetsa koyambitsa matendawa kumaphatikizapo EEG, kuyesera kuganizira za ubongo, ndi mayesero ogwira ntchito m'maganizo.
Kuyesa Opaleshoni Yoyamba
Kuyesedwa kwanu koyambirira kwa opaleshoni ya khunyu kumagwira ntchito ziwiri: kuzindikira malo omwe muli mu ubongo wanu omwe ndi omwe amachititsa kuti mutha kugwidwa ndi kukonzekera mwachangu opaleshoni yanu kuti mupewe kufooka kwatsopano pamaganizo anu mutatha opaleshoni yanu.
Mayesero a EEG amadziwika malo omwe amagetsi osagwira ntchito kuti apeze zigawo za ubongo wanu zomwe zingakhale zovuta kwambiri kuti mutha kugwidwa. Mayeso ojambula ubongo amatha kuwunikira maonekedwe a ubongo wanu ndipo amatha kupeza zolakwika, monga zotupa ndi ziphuphu. Kuyezetsa magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndipo kumafuna kuti mutenge mbali. Mayeserowa angathe kudziwa momwe malo anu amachitira ubongo omwe amachititsa zochita zanu, monga kuyankhula kapena kuŵerenga, kuonetsetsa kuti opaleshoni yothandizira kapena kuperekera mankhwala sikukukhudzani maluso anu.
Mawu Ochokera
Kuchita opaleshoni ya khunyu ndi mwayi kwa anthu ena omwe sadziwa bwino chithandizo chamankhwala oletsa kupweteka. Kuchita opaleshoni ya khunyu kwakhala kwa zaka makumi ambiri, ndipo pakuwonjezeka kwina, njirazi zakhala zikuyenda bwino kwa zaka zambiri.
Kukonzekera kwa opaleshoni ya khunyu kumaphatikizapo kufufuza mosamala za kugwidwa kwanu ndi kuyesedwa koyambirira musanatengedwe, kuphatikizapo kujambulira mayesero, EEG, ndi kuyesa kwachangu. Gulu lanu liri ndi akatswiri omwe ali ndi vuto la kuyang'anira matenda a khunyu komanso opaleshoni ya khunyu ndi njira.
Zotsatira za opaleshoni ya khunyu zimaonedwa kuti ndi zabwino, ndi zovuta zochepa komanso ndi kusintha kwakukulu kwa kugwidwa. Izi zili mbali yaikulu chifukwa si onse omwe ali ndi vuto la kulumala ndi oyenerera odwala opaleshoni ya khunyu, ndipo kusankha mwachindunji njira zothandizira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwa munthu aliyense.
Ngati muli ovomerezeka pa opaleshoni ya khunyu, mungathe kuphunzira zambiri za momwe mumachitira. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuti mudziwe zomwe muyenera kuyembekezera musanayambe opaleshoni, pamene mukuchira opaleshoni, ndipo mutasintha mukatha kuchira.
> Chitsime:
> Rathore C, Radhakrishnan K. Lingaliro la opaleshoni ya khunyu ndi kuyesedwa kosamalitsa. Matenda a Khunyu . 2015 Mar; 17 (1): 19-31; funso 31. doi: 10.1684 / epd.2014.0720.