Kugonjetsedwa ndi zigawo zomwe zimadziwika ndi kayendetsedwe kadzidzidzi, kusintha kwa chidziwitso kapena onse awiri. Zikutheka kuti zimachitika ngati munthu ali ndi vuto la kulumala, lomwe nthawi zambiri limatchedwa khunyu. Nthawi zina, anthu omwe alibe matenda a khunyu akhoza kuwonongeka mosayembekezereka, kawirikawiri chifukwa cha matenda osiyana siyana a ubongo omwe ali pansipa.
Zimayambitsa Zokhumudwitsa
Kupsinjika kwa mutu ndi kuvulala kwa ubongo - Kuvutika kwakukulu kwa mutu kungabwere mwamsanga mwadzidzidzi panthaŵi yachisokonezo ndipo kungayambitsenso kuvulala kwa ubongo komwe kumadzetsa khunyu kalekale. Chifukwa chimene kuvulala kwa ubongo kumayambitsa kupweteka ndiko kuti magazi ndi zipsera mkati mwa ubongo zingasokoneze ntchito yogwiritsira ntchito magetsi mu ubongo, kutulutsa ubongo (ubongo) wosakhudzidwa kapena kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha yomwe imayambitsa kulanda.
Matenda a Zamankhwala - Zochitika zamankhwala zingapo zingasokonezenso ntchito ya ubongo, zomwe zimayambitsa kugunda. Izi zikhoza kuyambitsa kupweteka kumene kumachitika mpaka matenda atatsimikiziridwa, koma angayambitsenso chitukuko cha matenda opatsirana omwe amatha kupitirira ngakhale atatha matendawo.
Matenda omwe amachititsa kugwidwa ndi awa:
- Matenda a ubongo - Khansara yomwe imayambira mu ubongo wokha kapena khansara yomwe imafalikira (ubongo) ku ubongo kuchokera kwina kulikonse mu thupi ikhoza kuyambitsa kutupa ndi kupanikizika mu ubongo, kusokoneza ntchito ya ubongo, ndi kukhumudwitsa. Kugonjetsa kungakhale chizindikiro choyamba chakuti munthu ali ndi khansa mkati kapena pafupi ndi ubongo. Kawirikawiri, kansara ikachotsedwa, kupweteka sikupitirizabe kuchitika.
- Kukwapula - Kukwapula kumabweretsa madera ang'onoang'ono kapena akuluakulu a ubongo owonongeka (minofu) yomwe ingawonongeke mwa kupewa malo a ubongo kuti asagwire bwino ntchito. Kukwapula m'madera ena a ubongo, monga nthawi yowonongeka, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa matenda a chiwopsezo kuposa momwe zimakhalira m'madera ena a ubongo, monga ubongo.
- Kuchepa kwa magazi - Kutaya kwa ubongo (kutuluka mkati kapena ubongo wambiri) kungayambitse kupweteka kwa ubongo, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto. Kawirikawiri, zikwapu zamagazi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupweteka kuposa momwe zilili ndi ischemic (kusowa kwa magazi) zilonda.
- Kuperewera kwa Encephalitis / Ubongo - Matenda a ubongo ndi kutupa ndizovuta kwambiri, ndipo zingabweretse mitsempha yomweyo, komanso matenda a khunyu. Encephalitis ndi kutupa kapena matenda a minofu ya ubongo. Kuchokera kwa ubongo ndi matenda opatsirana mu ubongo. Izi ndi mitundu yosavuta ya matenda.
- Maningitis - Matenda a meninges (zotetezera zomwe zili pafupi ndi ubongo) zingasokoneze ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti agwire. Nthaŵi zambiri, kugwidwa kumene kumagwirizanitsa ndi meningitis kumatsimikizira nthawi yomwe matenda a meningitis amachiritsidwa.
- Matenda a mavitamini - Kusayenerera kwamtundu wa electrolyte ndi chiwindi ndi impso kusokonezeka kungasokoneze ntchito ya neurons mu ubongo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi neurons, zomwe zimawoneka ngati kugwedezeka. Mavuto omwe amayamba chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa electrolyte ndi kuchepa kwa thupi nthawi zambiri samapitilizabe nthawi yomweyo vutoli likuthetsedwa.
- Matenda - Kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse matenda, makamaka kwa ana ndi makanda. Mitundu iyi ya kugwidwa imatchedwa "febrile seizures". Ngati mwana wanu ali ndi vutoli , muyenera kuchipatala mwana wanu mwamsanga.
Kugonjetsedwa kungayambitsenso chifukwa cha nkhani zokhudzana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala:
- Kusuta mowa - Kawirikawiri, kuchotsa mowa, komwe kumangokhala mowa mwauchidakwa mwamsanga, kungabweretse mavuto. Izi zimakhala zoopsa, ndipo ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumadziwa kuti kumwa mowa kumagwira ntchito, ndibwino kuti mupeze mankhwala nthawi yomweyo.
- Kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo - Mankhwala ambiri osangalatsa amakhudzidwa ndi kugwidwa. Yankho limeneli ndi losayembekezeka ndipo lingatheke ngakhale mutagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ena osagwirizana nawo kale. Ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumadziwa kuti mukukumana ndi vutoli mumagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo osayenera, muyenera kupita kuchipatala msanga, ndipo onetsetsani kuti muwadziwitse gulu lachipatala la mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti muthe kupeza chithandizo choyenera nthawi yomweyo.
- Kuchotsa mankhwala osokoneza bongo - Kuchokera ku mankhwala ena osangalatsa, omwe amasiya mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwamsanga, atha kugwidwa ndi vutoli. Izi, monga kuchotsa mowa, ndizoopsa zomwe zimafuna kuchipatala mwamsanga.
Zifukwa za Khunyu
Khunyu imayambitsa zifukwa zambiri kuphatikizapo kulandira cholowa, kubereka, ndi zolakwika, monga ubongo, matenda osokoneza bongo, matenda osokoneza ubongo, matenda a ubongo, ndi zotupa monga tafotokozera pamwambapa. Komabe, anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi matenda a khunyu sangathe kudziwika, ngakhale atayesa kafukufuku wamankhwala.
Chifuwa chaumphawi chimathamangira m'banja, ndipo anthu omwe ali ndi chifuwa chokwanira nthawi zambiri amakhala akuyamba kugwira ntchito m'zaka makumi awiri zoyambirira za moyo wawo.
Mu khunyu ya congenital, mwanayo amabadwa ali ndi chifuwa chokhala ndi khunyu, ndipo izo zikhoza kapena sizikhala cholowa. Matenda okhudzana ndi matenda a khunyu amayamba kumayambiriro kwa moyo.
Kafukufuku wamankhwala a odwala omwe amagwidwa ndi matendawa amatha kukhala ndi ubongo wa MRI (chithunzi chachikulu cha ubongo) chomwe chingasonyeze ngati pali zinthu zina zomwe zingawonongeke, komanso electroencephalogram (EEG). amayesa ntchito ya ubongo ndipo angasonyeze kupezeka kwa ntchito zopanda mphamvu zamagetsi monga zovuta za kugwidwa. Komabe, kwa anthu ena omwe ali ndi khunyu, mayeserowa sangakhale abwinobwino.
Zovuta Zimayambitsa
Zowonongeka ndizochitika kapena zochitika zomwe zimadziwika kuti zimapweteka kwambiri ndipo zingakhale zovuta makamaka kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu. Ngati mukudwala matenda a khunyu, kudziwa ndi kupeŵa zovuta izi ndikofunika kuchepetsa chiopsezo chanu chodzipha.
Zowonongeka kaŵirikaŵiri ndizo:
- Mowa umadya - Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khunyu amakumana ndi vuto lililonse akamadya mowa. Izi zikhoza kuchitika ngakhale kuti khunyu imayang'aniridwa bwino ndi anticonvulsants. Mowa ukhoza kusinthasintha ubongo wamagetsi mwanjira yomwe imayambitsa kugunda, ndipo imathanso kusokoneza kagayidwe kameneka, kuteteza mankhwala kuti asagwire bwino ntchito.
- Kupanda tulo - Kutopa komwe kumabwera chifukwa chosowa tulo kapena kugona mokwanira ndidzidzidzi wodziwika kwambiri wa kugwidwa. Ndipotu, tulo ta EEG ndilo imodzi mwa mayesero omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa matenda osokoneza bongo. EEG yopanda kugona ndi EEG yomwe imapezeka pambuyo pa nthawi yopanda kugona. Kwa munthu amene akudwala matenda a khunyu, kugwidwa kumakhala kovuta kuchitika panthawi imene akugona, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti EEG ikhale ndi chitsimikizo cha ntchito yogwira ntchito, yomwe imathandizira kupeza chithandizo ndi chithandizo. Komabe, kugona kumapewa EEGs nthawi zonse kumachitidwa poyang'aniridwa ndifupipafupi kotero kuti kulanda kungatheke bwino.
- Magetsi owala - Chithunzi chogwidwa ndi chithunzi chimagwidwa ndi magetsi owala kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti kugwidwa kwachilendo sikunali kofala, ndipo kawirikawiri ndi vuto kwa anthu omwe ali ndi khunyu, zomwe zimayambitsa kugunda zingakhale zovuta kwambiri.
- Kusokonezeka maganizo, kusintha kwa nyengo, kununkhira kwina - Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi khunyu amazindikiranso zovuta, monga kupanikizika, kutsekemera kwa zofukiza zina, komanso nyengo kusintha. Umboni wokhudzana ndi zinthu izi ndi chifukwa cha kugwidwa sizowonongeka, ndipo zovuta zimasiyana ndi munthu aliyense.
Njira yofunika kuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a khunyu athetse vutoli ndi kuphunzira kuzindikira ndi kuzindikira zofuna zawo, ndikuzipewa monga momwe zingathere.
Kuteteza Madzipiridwe
Kugonjetsedwa kungabweretse mavuto, mavuto okhudza thupi, ngozi za galimoto, ndi kugwa koopsa. Ngati n'kotheka, ndibwino kuti muteteze kuvulala. Pali njira zazikulu ziwiri zoyenera kupewa. Yoyamba ndi mankhwala:
- Anticonvulsants ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kwa munthu amene ali ndi khunyu kupewa kupezeka. Pali mankhwala ambiri omwe amachititsa kuti asagwire ntchito. Ngati muli ndi matenda a khunyu, dokotala wanu adzatha kusankha kuti anticonvulsant kapena kuphatikiza anticonvulsants ndi oyenera kwambiri kulamulira matenda anu opatsirana.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi nthawi zonse ndi mbali yofunika kwambiri yothana ndi kugwidwa. Ngati mukugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuti muteteze kugwidwa, muyenera kuwatenga monga momwe akuyankhira, ndipo pafupifupi nthawi imodzimodzi tsiku lililonse. Kawirikawiri, zotsatira za mankhwala osokoneza bongo zimatha kukhala pakati pa maola 8 ndi 48, malinga ndi mankhwala. Ndipo kukhala ndi ndandanda ya nthawi zonse ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yosungira ngakhale kuchuluka kwa magulu a anticonbulsant m'thupi lanu.
- Ngati mumakhala ndi zotsatira zoopsa pogwiritsa ntchito antiticulants , kapena ngati simukukhutira ndi anticonvulsant yomwe mukuitenga, ndi kofunika kulankhulana ndi adokotala mwamsanga. Anticonvulsants kawirikawiri amafunsidwa kuti azitha kulandira chithandizo, koma amaperekedwanso ku mavuto ena azachipatala. Musayambe kumwa mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala popanda kukambirana ndi dokotala. Mwadzidzidzi kusiya mankhwala osokoneza bongo kungakhumudwitse, ndipo dokotala wanu angakulimbikitseni kuti mupite pang'onopang'ono kuchoka pa anticonvulsant kapena m'malo mwake ndi wina kuti musagwidwe chifukwa cha kuchotsedwa kwa mankhwala.
Njira yachiwiri ndiyo kupeŵa kukhumudwitsa. Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi khunyu, ndikofunika kukhala ndi zizoloŵezi za moyo zomwe zimapewa zidziwitso zodzikweza. Izi zikutanthauza kugona mokwanira, osamwa mowa komanso kukhala osamala kwambiri pogwiritsa ntchito magetsi oyatsa kapena china chilichonse chimene mwawona.
Mawu Ochokera
Khunyu ndi matenda omwe amakhudza moyo wanu. Pali zifukwa zingapo zomwe zimayambitsa zomwe zingachititsenso anthu kugwidwa ndi khunyu. Zambiri mwazivuta kuti iwe udziwe kapena kuteteza, monga encephalitis kapena electrolyte kusiyana, pamene ena, monga kuchotsa mankhwala, amalephera.
Ngati mwapezeka kuti muli ndi matenda a khunyu, mukhoza kuchepetsa mwayi wanu wodwalayo pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala anu a antiticulantant monga momwe mwafunira, kulankhulana ndi nkhawa zanu za mankhwala amtundu wa antiticonvulsant ndi dokotala wanu, ndi kuphunzira za kukhumudwitsa kuti mutha kupewa zidziwitso zodzikweza. Ndikofunika kuti mumvetsetse ngati simunayang'anenso zochitika zina zomwe zimayambitsa musanafike, kuti mutha kupewa izi.
Ambiri omwe ali ndi khunyu amatha kupeza njira zabwino zogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo monga momwe akufunira komanso mwa njira zoyendetsera moyo wothandizira kupewa matenda.
> Chitsime:
> Kugonjetsa ndi kuganiza bwino: zodabwitsa kapena zofala? Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenité DG, Epilepsia. 2012 Sep; 53 Suppl 4: 105-13. do: 10.1111 / j.1528-1167.2012.03620.x.