Chilengedwe ndi kuyenda kwa phokoso ndizoyambika kwa makina a kumva. Liwu limapita ku khutu kenako limapita ku ubongo ndi cerebral cortex (mu ubongo) kutanthauzira phokoso.
Tisanamve chilichonse, phokoso liyenera kupangidwa. Kaya mawuwo ndi mawu a wina, phokoso, kapena phokoso la mabingu, zimatulutsa mawu. Kuthamanga uku kungathe kudutsa mumlengalenga, zitsulo, madzi, nkhuni, ndi zina zotero.
Lingaliro limeneli limagwira ntchito mofanana ndi zingwe zaumunthu zimagwedezeka kuti zikhale zomveka zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito popanga kulankhula. Kuthamanga kulipo mu mawonekedwe a mawonekedwe omwe potsiriza amawapangitsa iwo kumakutu athu. Mtsinje umene umalengedwa ndi wofunikira momwe tingamve phokoso.
Kutuluka ndi MIddle Ear Function
Khutu lakunja limakhala ngati phokoso lakumveka. Liwu limayenda mkati mwa khutu kupita ku tympanic membrane (eardrum). Mafunde omveka omwe akukumana ndi tympanic nembanemba amasandulika kukhala mkokomo omwe amamvekedwa ndi kagulu kakang'ono ka mafupa, omwe amadziwika ngati ossicles wamkati pakati . Amaphatikizapo malleus (hammer), incus (anvil), ndi stapes (stirrup). Mbalameyi ndi yoyamba kuyendetsa mitsinje, yomwe imapitiriza kupyolera muzitsulo zomwe zimayambira pazenera, zomwe zimagwirizanitsa ndi khutu la mkati.
Ntchito Yamkati Yamkati
Ntchito ya khutu lamkati limayamba pamene kuyimba kwawomba kumafika pawindo lazitali.
Mkokomo wa phokoso umayendayenda mu cochlea, yomwe imawoneka ngati chigoba cha nkhono. Nkhumbayi imagawidwa m'magulu atatu odzaza madzi. Zipinda zosiyana zimamvera maulendo osiyanasiyana. Kenaka chizindikirocho chimafika mu njira ya cochlear yomwe imayambitsa kutuluka kwa endolymph (a special fluid) kumene chizindikirocho chimasandulika kukhala magetsi omwe amamasulidwa ku mitsempha yamakono.
Nkhumbayi imathera pawindo lozungulira, kumene mawotchi amatha kufalikira ngati magetsi.
Ubongo
Njira yomvetsera imakhala ndi magulu awiri ogwira ntchito: khutu lamanja ndi khutu lakumanzere. Maselo ali ofanana; Komabe, aliyense ali ndi udindo wofunikira pakukhazikitsa mawu. Medulla oblongata (gawo laling'ono la brainstem) amalandira chizindikiro kuchokera ku mitsempha yotchedwa vestibulocochlear mitsempha pa nthawi yosiyana ndi mphamvu yamtunduwu malinga ndi kumene kumveka phokoso, momwe mutu umatembenuzidwira, ndi mtunda wa phokoso. Kusiyanitsa kwa nthawi ndi mphamvu ndizofunikira pakupereka gawo lachitatu lolimbitsa.
Ubongowu umatumiza chizindikiro ku midbrain ndipo kenaka kumalo otchedwa lobes a ubongo kumene magetsi amatanthauzira ngati kuti timamva.
Zotsatira:
Jarvis, C. (2004). Kumva. Mu Kufufuza Kwachilengedwe & Kuunika kwa Zaumoyo (341-370). St. Louis, Missouri: Saunders.
National Institutes of Health. Information About Hearing, Kulankhulana, ndi Kumvetsetsa.