Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo ali ndi vuto ndi maonekedwe a minofu, omwe amachititsa kuti athe kusunga bwino, kukhala ndi moyo, komanso kuyenda.
Mosiyana ndi zina zachipatala zomwe zingakhudze mphamvu ya mwana kusunthira kapena kuyenda, ndi ubongo waumphawi, vuto silili m'matumbo a mwana kapena mitsempha. M'malo mwake, kuwonongeka kwa ubongo wa mwanayo kumakhudza kuthekera kwake kulamulira minofu yake.
N'chiyani Chimayambitsa Khunyu?
Kuvulala kwa ubongo komwe kumayambitsa ubongo wa ubongo nthawi zina kumachitika msinkhu mimba, pamene ubongo wa mwana ukupitirizabe kukula. Komanso, zingakhalenso patapita nthawi mimba, panthawi yobereka, kapena mocheperako, kumayambiriro kwa moyo wa mwana.
Zina zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a ubongo ndi awa:
- zamoyo
- matenda osokoneza bongo
- bacterial meningitis
- Matenda opatsirana pogonana (toxoplasmosis, human parvovirus (Fifth Disease), rubella, cytomegalovirus, herpes, syphilis, etc.)
- magazi m'mphuno
- Kuperewera kwa oxygen chifukwa cha mavuto a placenta
- kernicterus (choopsa cha jaundice)
- kuvulaza mutu
- kupwetekedwa
- kuchitira nkhanza ana komanso matenda osokoneza ana
Kuchuluka kwa chiyero, ngakhale kuti sikumayambitsa ubongo, kumayanjanitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe, ngati ana omwe asanabadwe amakhala pachiopsezo cha mavuto ambiri omwe amachititsa.
Kumbukirani kuti akatswiri ambiri tsopano akukhulupirira kuti matenda ochepa chabe a ubongo amayamba chifukwa cha kusowa kwa oxygen panthawi yopuma ndi kubereka.
Zizindikiro za Khunyu ya Palsy
Ngakhale kuti ana ambiri amabadwa ndi matenda a ubongo, zizindikirozi sizingatheke kwa miyezi yambiri. Ndipotu, zizindikiro za ubongo zochepa zimatha kupezeka mpaka mwana wanu ali ndi zaka zingapo.
Matenda a ubongo omwe mungathe kuona, komanso kuti muyang'ane ngati mukuda nkhawa kuti mwana wanu akhoza kukhala ndi ubongo, kuphatikizapo:
- Minofu yolimba kapena yolimba (hypertonia)
- zokopa zapamwamba
- Kusuntha kwa thupi kosasamalidwe
- mawu otsika kwambiri (hypotonia)
- Kuyenda kwachitsulo (kungakhale koyenera pamaso pa zaka 3, makamaka ngati mwana sakuyenda pazendo zawo nthawi zonse)
- kumangirira kapena kukoka phazi ndikuyenda
- kuyenda ndi gazi lokopa, kutembenuza miyendo yawo pamene akuyenda
- kumwa kwambiri
- zovuta kumeza, kuyamwa, kapena kuyankhula
- kunjenjemera
- zovuta ndi maluso abwino a motokoto, monga mabatani obisala kapena kulemba pensulo
Zizindikiro za ubongo sizimapweteka ndi ukalamba, koma zizindikiro zimatha kukhala zochepa mpaka zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, mwana yemwe ali ndi ubongo wofooka kwambiri akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto, pamene wina yemwe ali ndi zizindikiro zoopsa akhoza kukhala ndi chikuku.
Ana omwe ali ndi ubongo waumphawi angakhalenso ndi matenda, kuchepetsa maganizo, kufooka, kuphunzira zolemala, ndi mavuto ndi masomphenya ndi kumva.
Kuzindikira Matenda a Khunyu
Kupezeka kwa ubongo wa matenda a ubongo kumapangidwa nthawi zambiri pamene kholo kapena adokotala amadziwa kuti mwana sakumana ndi zochitika zake zakuthupi komanso zakuthupi. Katswiri wanu wa ana angawonenso, panthawi yoyezetsa thupi, kuti mwana yemwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo ali ndi vuto ndi minofu yake kapena ma reflexes.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za ubongo zikhoza kukhala mwana yemwe:
- akadali ndi vuto lopanda mutu atakhala ndi miyezi iwiri
- nthawi zonse amafika ndi dzanja limodzi lokha atakhala ndi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kumumenya wina (kumbukirani kuti ana ambiri samasonyeza dzanja lawo m'chaka chawo choyamba)
- Sangathe kukwawa kapena kuima ndi chithandizo ndi tsiku lake lobadwa
Kuwonjezera pa kuunika kwa thupi, mayesero omwe nthawi zina amapindulitsa poyesa mwana kuti akhalenso ndi matenda a ubongo amakhala ndi computers (tom) (CT) scan ndi / kapena maginito imaging (MRI) ya ubongo wa mwanayo. Mayesero ena angapangidwenso ngati chiwerengero cha chibadwa, chosakanikirana, kapena chopatsirana cha ubongo waumphawi chikayikiridwa.
Mankhwala a Cerebral Palsy
Ngakhale kuti palibe mankhwala ochizira matenda a ubongo, mankhwala amawonjezera:
- mankhwala othandizira
- mankhwala othandizira
- mankhwala othandizira
- mankhwala, omwe nthawi zina amathandiza zizindikiro zoopsa kwambiri, monga kupweteka kwa mitsempha (baclofen, Botox), kugwidwa, komanso ngakhale kuvulala (Robinul).
- Kuchita opaleshoni pamatope ouma kapena ziwalo
Kuphatikiza pa mankhwala, ana omwe ali ndi matenda oopsa a ubongo angapangitse zipangizo zothandizira kuti azungulira, monga ma orthotics, woyendayenda, kapena olumala. Mitundu ina yothandizira zipangizo zamakono ingathandizenso ana omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a ubongo kulankhulana (zipangizo zamakono zamakono) ndikuchita ntchito za tsiku ndi tsiku.
Zomwe Muyenera Kudziwa Zokhudza Khalidwe la Khunyu
Zinthu zina zoti mudziwe za matenda a ubongo ndi awa:
- Mawerengero atsopano amasonyeza kuti matenda a ubongo amakhudza pafupifupi 3.1 pa 1,000 ana kapena pafupifupi 1 pa ana 323 ku United States.
- Kufalikira kwa ubongo waumphawi kusinthika kuyambira 1985.
- Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo sakhala opweteka kwambiri pa nthawi ndipo amatha kuchira bwino.
- Ana omwe ali ndi matenda a ubongo angakhale ndi masomphenya ndi mavuto akumva. Iwo angafunike magalasi kapena ma opaleshoni, kukonza strabism, komanso zothandizira kumva.
Kufufuza kwa mwana wamagulu a matenda a ubongo ndi / kapena chithandizo cha ana chitukuko chingathandizenso ngati mwana akuganiza kuti ali ndi matenda a ubongo.
Zotsatira:
Behrman: Nelson Buku Lophunzitsa za Ana, 17th ed.
Christensen et al. Kukula kwa matenda a ubongo, kuwonongeka kwa magetsi, ndi magalimoto ogwira ntchito - Autism ndi Developmental Disability Monitoring Network, USA, 2008. Dev Med Child Neurol. 2014 Jan; 56 (1): 59-65.
Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp, MD. Kukula kwa matenda a ubongo ku zaka zisanu ndi zitatu (8) zapakati pa United States mu 2002: Mgwirizano wa Multisite. PEDIATRICS Vol. 121 March 3, 2008, masamba 547-554
Van Naarden Braun et al. Kubadwa kwa ubongo waumphawi: Kuphunzira kwa anthu. Matenda. Vesi 137, nambala 1, January 2016.