Matenda Odzidzimutsa a Mchitidwe Wamanjenje wa Peripheral
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (wotchulidwa Geel-on kapena nthawi zina Gee-yon Barr-ay) amatanthauza gulu la matenda omwe nthawi zambiri amachititsa kufooka kwa minofu, kutayika kwa thupi, dysautonomias , kapena kuphatikiza kwa atatu. Matenda a Guillain-Barré (GBS) ndi matenda osokoneza bongo omwe amachititsa kuti thupi lisateteze mitsempha ya kunja kwa ubongo ndi msana.
Si zachilendo, kumakhudza mmodzi yekha kapena awiri pa anthu 100,000.
Pofuna kumvetsetsa momwe Guillain-Barré amawonongera dongosolo la mitsempha, nkofunika kumvetsa pang'ono za momwe maselo a mitsempha amagwirira ntchito moyenera. Thupi la mitsempha ya m'mimba limakhala mkati kapena pafupi kwambiri ndi msana wa msana. Mitsempha imalankhulana potumiza zizindikiro pamtunda wautali, wochepa kwambiri wotchedwa axon. Mankhwalawa amatumiza zizindikiro kuchokera ku thupi la mitsempha ya mitsempha kupita minofu kuti apange mgwirizano wa minofu ndi kutumiza zizindikiro kuchokera ku zithunzithunzi zamatundu ku thupi la selo kuti atilole ife kumverera.
Zingakhale zothandiza kulingalira za axon ngati mtundu wa waya womwe umatumiza zofuna zamagetsi kapena kuchokera kumadera osiyanasiyana a thupi. Mofanana ndi waya, ma axons ambiri amagwira ntchito bwino ngati atazunguliridwa ndi kusungunula.
Mmalo mwa kuvala kwa rabara komwe kumavala mawaya a magetsi, maxix ambiri amakutidwa mu myelin. Myelin imapangidwa ndi maselo othandizira ozungulira omwe amayandikana ndi axon ya mitsempha.
Maselo oterewa amateteza ndi kukulitsa axon, komanso amathandizira kuyendetsa kayendedwe ka magetsi.
Ngakhale kuti axon yosadulidwa imayenera kutuluka mkati ndi kutalika kwa kutalika kwa axon, axelinated axons zimangofuna kuti mitsempha izi achite pa mfundo zosankhidwa. Mfundo izi zimatchedwa nodes, komwe myelin imatuluka kuti ion ikuyenda.
Kwenikweni, m'malo moyendayenda kutalika kwa axon, chizindikiro cha magetsi chimadumpha msanga kuchokera ku mfundo mpaka kuzinthu, kuthamanga zinthu motsatira.
Mmene Guillain-Barré Syndrome Amakulira
Guillain-Barré Syndrome amayamba chifukwa cha chitetezo cha thupi chitetezera mitsempha ya mthupi. Chifukwa chakuti matendawa amayamba kawirikawiri pambuyo poti matendawa (kapena kawirikawiri, pambuyo pa katemera) watichititsa ife kukayikira kuti pa maselo enaake, othandizira ena amawoneka ngati ziwalo za mitsempha. Izi zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi kuti chisokoneze mitsempha ya mthupi, kuganiza kuti mbali zina za mitsempha ndi matenda. Chifukwa chake, chitetezo cha mthupi chimasula ma antibodies omwe amachititsa mitsempha ya mthupi.
Momwe Guillain-Barré Syndrome amakhudzira munthu aliyense zimadalira kumene mabakiteriya amamenyana ndi mitsempha. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, Guillain-Barré mwina amaganiza kuti ndi banja la mavuto, zomwe zingayambitse mavuto osiyanasiyana.
Kuchokera Kwambiri Kowonongeka kwa Polyneuropathy (AIDP) ndi gawo lofala kwambiri la Guillain-Barré, ndi zomwe madokotala ambiri amaganiza pamene mawu akuti "Guillain-Barré" amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mu AIDP, ma antibodies samenyana ndi maselo a mitsempha mwachindunji, koma m'malo mwake, amawononga maselo othandizira ozungulira omwe ali kuzungulira nthenda ya mitsempha.
Kawirikawiri, izi zimabweretsa kusintha ndi zofooka zomwe zimayambira kumapazi ndi kumapazi ndi kufalikira mmwamba, kuwonjezeka pa nkhani ya masiku mpaka masabata. Anthu omwe ali ndi Guillain-Barré amatha kuvutika ndi kupweteka kwakukulu m'malo ndi m'mbuyo mwawo. Monga mitundu yonse ya Guillain-Barré, mbali zonse ziwiri za thupi zimakhudzidwa mofanana mu AIDP.
Ngakhale AIDP ndi mtundu wamba wa Guillain-Barré, pali ena ambiri. Izi zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi.
Mitundu Yambiri yamagalimoto ndi Yogwira Mtima Axonal Neuropathy (AMSAN)
Mu AMSAN, ma antibodies amawononga axon mwachindunji m'malo mwa chidutswa cha myelin. Amachita zimenezi poyesa malo omwe myelin amatha kuti athe kusinthana kwa ion yomwe imafalitsa chizindikiro cha magetsi.
AMSAN akhoza kukhala wamwano kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina zizindikiro zimapita patsogolo mpaka kufa kotheratu mkati mwa tsiku limodzi kapena awiri okha. Komanso, kupulumutsidwa kwa AMSAN kungatenge chaka kapena kuposerapo. M'malo mochira, si zachilendo kuti anthu omwe ali ndi AMSAN akhale ndi mavuto osatha, monga kukhumudwa kapena kupweteka kwala zala zawo.
Mitima Yambiri Yogwiritsira Ntchito Matenda Axonal Neuropathy (AMAN)
Ku AMAN, kokha mitsempha yoyendetsa kayendetsedwe kake imakhudzidwa, kotero palibe chopanda kanthu. Anthu amayamba kubwerera mofulumira komanso kuchokera ku AMAN kuposa mitundu ina ya Guillain-Barré.
Miller-Fisher Variant
Guillain-Barré ndi ofunika kwambiri pamene amasintha momwe timapuma kapena kuteteza thambo lathu. Mgwirizano wa Miller-Fisher wa Guillain-Barré, nkhope ndi maso akuyambidwa poyamba. Kutayika kwa kuyamwa kwa mitsempha ya mmero kungachititse kuti kusatheka kudya popanda kudya kapena mpeni kupita m'mapapu, kuonjezera chiopsezo cha matenda a pulmonary ndi choking. Ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya Guillain-Barré imafuna kuyang'anitsitsa kuti aone ngati wodwalayo angafunikire kuti atsekeze kapena kuyika mpweya wabwino , kusiyana kwa Miller-Fisher kumafuna chidwi kwambiri.
Panautonomic Neuropathy
Mitundu yambiri ya Guillain-Barré imakhudzanso njira yodzidzimitsira imanjenjemera mwa njira ina, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthu asathenso kugwira ntchito monga kutukuta, mtima, kutentha, ndi kuthamanga kwa magazi. Kuthandizira pafupipafupi panautonomic neuropathy ndi kawirikawiri mtundu umene kusuntha ndi kumva zimasiyidwa bwino, koma ntchito zodzilamulira zimatayika. Izi zingapangitse kufooka, mtima wamagido , ndi zina zambiri.
Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri cha Guillain-Barré ndi kuperewera kwa mphamvu zomwe nthawi zina zimaphatikizapo kutaya mtima komanso kudziletsa. Ngakhale kuti matenda ambiri a m'mimba amayamba kuwonjezereka kwambiri pakapita miyezi ndi zaka, Guillain-Barré amasintha masiku ambiri ndipo nthawi zina amatha maola. Chifukwa Guillain-Barré akhoza kufooketsa kwambiri kuti munthu wosauka sangathe kupuma yekha, ndikofunika kuti mupeze thandizo mwamsanga ngati muwona zizindikirozi.
Kuchokera
Yuen T. Choncho, Continuum: Matenda a Mthupi, Matenda a M'magazi, Buku 18, Nambala 1, February 2012
Braunwald E, Fauci ES, ndi al. Mfundo za Harrison za Mankhwala a M'kati. 16th ed. 2005.