Mitochondria ndi tizilombo tating'ono timene timakhala pafupifupi pafupifupi maselo onse m'thupi lathu. Mosiyana ndi mbali zina za selo, mitochondria ali pafupifupi selo lawolo. Ndipotu, zili pafupifupi zamoyo zosiyana, zomwe zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri ndi thupi lonse. Mwachitsanzo, ife timavomereza kuti timalandira gawo limodzi la magawo athu a chibadwa kuchokera kwa amayi athu ndi theka kuchokera kwa abambo athu.
Izi siziri zoona. DNA ya mitochondrial imagawanika mosiyana ndipo imachokera pafupifupi kwa mayi.
Asayansi ambiri amakhulupirira kuti mitochondria ndi chitsanzo cha mgwirizano wa nthawi yaitali, umene mabakiteriya akale anaphatikiza ndi maselo athu kotero kuti maselo athu ndi mabakiteriya adadalira wina ndi mnzake. Timafunika mitochondria kuti tigwiritse ntchito mphamvu zambiri maselo athu ayenera kupulumuka. Mpweya umene timapuma umayambitsa njira yomwe silingatheke popanda bungwe laling'ono ili.
Zosangalatsa monga mitochondria ndizo, zimawopsya ngati mbali ina iliyonse ya thupi lathu. Zosintha zapadera m'DNA ya mitochondrial zingapangitse zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zosiyana. Izi zikhoza kuchititsa syndromes kamodzi kuganiza kuti ndi yachilendo komanso yosavuta, koma tsopano akuwoneka ngati wamba kuposa momwe ankaganizira poyamba. Gulu lina la kumpoto chakum'mawa kwa England linapeza kuti pafupifupi 1 pa anthu 15,200.
Chiwerengero chachikulu, pafupifupi 1 pa 200, chinasinthika, koma kusintha kwake sikunali chizindikiro.
Ndondomeko ya mitsempha imadalira kwambiri mpweya kuti ikwaniritse ntchito yake, ndipo izi zikutanthauza kuti mitsempha yathu imayenera kuti mitochondria ikhale bwino. Pamene mitochondria imapita molakwika, kachitidwe ka mitsempha kaŵirikaŵiri ndi koyamba kuvutika.
Zizindikiro za Matenda a Mitochondrial
Chizindikiro chofala kwambiri chimene chimayambitsa matenda a mitochondrial ndi myopathy, kutanthauza matenda a minofu.
Zizindikiro zina zomwe zingakhalepo zikuphatikizapo mavuto a masomphenya, mavuto oganiza, kapena zizindikiro. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimamangirizana palimodzi kupanga imodzi ya syndromes zosiyanasiyana.
Okhalitsa Ophthalmoplegia Okhalitsa (CPEO) - mu CPEO, minofu ya maso imafooka. Izi zimachitika pamene anthu ali ndi zaka makumi atatu, koma akhoza kuchitika pa msinkhu uliwonse. Masomphenya awiri ndi osawoneka, koma mavuto ena owoneka angapezeke ndi kafukufuku wa dokotala. Mitundu ina, makamaka pamene imapezeka m'mabanja, imakhala ndi mavuto akumva, kulankhula kapena kumeza mavuto, ubongo , kapena kupsinjika maganizo.
Matenda a Kearns-Sayre - Matenda a Kearns-Sayre ndi ofanana ndi a CPEO, koma ali ndi mavuto ena komanso zaka zoyambirira. Mavuto amayamba pamene anthu ali ndi zaka 20. Zina mwazo zimaphatikizapo kutembenuka kwa mtundu wa pigmentary, athaia ya acrebellar , mavuto a mtima ndi zoperewera zamaganizo. Matenda a Kearns-Sayre ndi owopsa kuposa CPEO, ndipo amatha kufa ku zaka khumi za moyo.
Leber Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (LHON) - LON ndi mtundu wobadwa mwa masomphenya omwe umayambitsa khungu kwa anyamata.
Leigh Syndrome - Umodzi wodziwika kuti subacute necrotizing encephalomyelopathy, Matenda a Leigh kawirikawiri amapezeka mwa ana aang'ono kwambiri. matendawa amachititsa ataxia, kugwa , kufooka, kuchedwa kwachitukuko, dystonia , ndi zina. Kujambula kwa maginito (MRI) ya ubongo imasonyeza chizindikiro chosadziwika bwino mumsasa wa basal. Matendawa amatha kufa miyezi ingapo.
Matenda a mitochondrial ndi lactic acidosis ndi zilonda zapakati (MELAS) - MELAS ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yambiri ya matenda a mitochondrial. Icho cholandira kuchokera kwa mayi. Matendawa amachititsa zizindikiro zofanana ndi zikwapu, zomwe zingayambitse kufooka kapena masomphenya. Zizindikiro zina zimaphatikizapo kugwidwa, migraine, kusanza, kutaya kumva, kutaya minofu, ndi msinkhu. Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba muubwana ndipo amayamba kufooka. Ikhoza kupezedwa ndi maulendo okwezeka a lactic acid m'magazi komanso "mawonekedwe ofiira ofiira" omwe amaoneka ngati minofu.
Matenda a myoclonic okhala ndi zipsera zofiira (MERRF) - Myoclonus ndi minofu yofulumira kwambiri, yofanana ndi imene ambiri tisanayambe kugona. Myoclonus mu MERRF imakhala yowonjezereka ndipo imatsatiridwa ndi kufooka, ataxia, ndi kufooka kwa minofu. Kusamva, vuto la masomphenya, phokoso la m'mimba, ndi matenda a dementia.
Odwala omwe ali ndi abambo komanso shuga (MIDD) - Matenda a mitochondrial amachititsa anthu pakati pa zaka 30 ndi 40. Kuwonjezera pa kumva kumva ndi matenda a shuga, anthu omwe ali ndi MIDD akhoza kutaya masomphenya, kufooka kwa minofu, mavuto a mtima, matenda a impso, matenda a m'mimba, ndi msinkhu.
Minochondrial neurogastrointestinal encephalopathy (MNGIE) - Izi zimachititsa kuti matumbo asasinthe, zomwe zingayambitse kupweteka m'mimba ndi kudzimbidwa. Mavuto ndi kayendedwe ka maso ndi amodzi, monga momwe matenda a ubongo ndi zoyera zimasinthira mu ubongo. Matendawa amabwera paliponse kuyambira ubwana kufikira makumi asanu koma ali wamba mwa ana.
Nthenda ya neuropathy, ataxia ndi retinitis pigmentosa (NARP) - Kuphatikiza pa mavuto a mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi kukhumudwa, NARP ikhoza kuyambitsa kuchepa kwa chitukuko, khunyu, kufooka, ndi kuvutika maganizo.
Matenda ena a mitochondrial amagwiritsa ntchito Pearson syndrome (sideroblastic anemia ndi pancreatic), Barth syndrome (X-linked cardiomyopathy, mitochondrial myopathy, ndi cyclic neutropenia), komanso kuchepetsa kukula, amino aciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactic acidosis, ndi imfa yoyambirira (GRACILE ).
Kuzindikira Matenda a Mitochondrial
Chifukwa matenda a mitochondrial angayambitse zizindikiro zodabwitsa, matendawa angakhale ovuta ngakhale madokotala ophunzitsidwa kuti adziwe. Pazochitika zachilendo zomwe zizindikiro zonse zimawoneka ngati zachilendo kwa matenda enaake, kuyesedwa kwa majini kungathandize kutsimikizira kuti ali ndi matenda. Apo ayi, mayesero ena angafunike.
Mitochondria imayambitsa matenda a aerobic, omwe ambiri a ife timagwiritsa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kuti tisunthe. Pomwe thupi limatopa, monga momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito, thupi liri ndi njira yosungiramo mankhwala omwe amachititsa kumanga kwa lactic asidi. Ichi ndi chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa minofu yathu kukhala yambiri ndi kuyaka pamene tikuwavutitsa kwa nthawi yayitali. Chifukwa chakuti anthu omwe ali ndi matenda a mitochondrial alibe mphamvu zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito mavitamini a aerobic, asidi lactic imamanga, ndipo izi zikhoza kuyesedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chizindikiro chakuti chinachake chalakwika ndi mitochondria. Zina zimatha kuwonjezera lactate, komabe. Mwachitsanzo, lactic acid mu cerebrospinal madzi akhoza kukwezedwa pambuyo kugwidwa kapena kupweteka. Komanso, mitundu ina ya matenda a mitochondrial, monga matenda a Leigh, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi ma lactate omwe alibe malire.
Kusanthula kwakukulu kungaphatikizepo mapangidwe a lactate mu plasma ndi cerebrospinal fluid. Ma electrocardiograms amatha kuyesa kuti ayambe kutero, omwe angathe kupha. Chithunzi cha magnetic resonance (MRI) chikhoza kuyang'ana kusintha kwakukulu . Electromyography ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kufufuza matenda a minofu. Ngati pali vuto lokhudza kugwidwa, electroencephalography ikhoza kulamulidwa. Malingana ndi zizindikiro, kuyezetsa mawu a audiology kapena ophthalmology angalimbikitsenso.
Kusokonezeka kwa mitsempha ndi imodzi mwa njira zodalirika zodziwira matenda a mitochondrial. Matenda ambiri a mitochondrial amabwera ndi myopathy, nthawi zina ngakhale palibe zizindikiro zooneka ngati minofu yofooka kapena kufooka.
Kuchiza mu Matenda a Mitochondrial
Panthawiyi, palibe chithandizo chovomerezeka cha matenda a mitochondrial. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kuyang'anira zizindikiro pamene akuwuka. Komabe, matenda abwino angathandize kukonzekera zomwe zidzachitike m'tsogolo, ndipo ngati matendawa atengera, angakhudze kulera.
Chidule
Mwachidule, matenda a mitochondrial ayenera kukayikira pamene pali kuphatikiza kwa zizindikiro za mtima wamtima, ubongo, kapena maso. Ngakhale kuti cholowa cha amayi chimakhalanso chonchi, n'zotheka komanso chofala kwambiri kuti matenda a mitochondrial asinthe chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mphamvu ya nyukiliya ya DNA, chifukwa cha kugwirizana pakati pa majeremusi ndi mitochondria. Kuwonjezera apo, matenda ena amakhala ochepa, kutanthauza kuti amapezeka koyamba popanda kukhala nawo. Matenda a mitochondrial akadali osawerengeka ndipo amatha kuyendetsedwa bwino ndi katswiri wodziwa bwino za matendawa.
Zotsatira
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