Ana omwe adakhudzidwa ndi kumwa mowa chifukwa chakumwa kwa amayi awo pa nthawi ya mimba akhoza kukhala ndi zofooka zambiri zobereka kuyambira wofatsa mpaka wamkulu. Zolakwitsa izi zingaphatikize kufooka kwachangu, kusokonezeka kwa nkhope (kusayenerera) ndi dongosolo loyamba la mitsempha lowonongeka.
Pali zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana komanso zosiyana siyana zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a zolepheretsa kubadwa komwe kungakhale zosokoneza ngakhale kwa omwe amagwira ntchito limodzi ndi ana.
Zotsatirazi ndi zina mwaziganizozo ndi zochitika zomwe akulongosola.
Matenda a Fetora Mowa Mwauchidakwa
Matenda a fetal alcohol spectrum (FASD) ndilo lonse limene limatanthawuza zotsatira zambiri zomwe zingachitike mwa mwana yemwe mayi ake anamwa mowa panthawi yoyembekezera, kuphatikizapo kuthupi, maganizo, khalidwe ndi / kapena kulemala.
FASD siyimangidwe kukhala matenda opatsirana. Ndi ambulera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikizapo matenda osiyanasiyana monga fetal alcohol syndrome , matenda ochepa a fetal alcohol, matenda okhudzana ndi mowa ndiurodevelopmental ndi ena.
Matenda Oledzera a Fetal
Matenda a Fetal Disease (FAS) ndi matenda olerera omwe amabwera chifukwa chomwa mowa panthawi yomwe ali ndi mimba. Kuti adziwe kuti ali ndi vuto la feteleza, mwana angakwaniritse zofunikira izi:
- Kulephera kwa kukula.
- Gulu lapadera la zolakwika za nkhope zazing'ono, monga maso ang'onoang'ono, philtrum yosalala (phokoso lenileni pamwamba pa milomo) ndi mlomo woonda kwambiri.
- Mchitidwe wamanjenje wapakati ukuwonongeka (kuphatikizapo machitidwe, ubongo, ndi / kapena kuwonongeka kwa ntchito).
- Kusuta mowa panthawi yochepa.
Mwanayo akakhala ndi zovuta zapachiyambi, zizindikiro zina zimakhala zofunikira ndipo mwanayo amapezeka ndi fetal alcohol syndrome. Pamene zolakwika za nkhopezo siziripo, zizindikiro zina zikhoza kukhalapo ndikudziwika.
Ndi pamene mawu amatha kusokoneza.
Matenda Osakaniza Akumwa Mowa
Liwu limeneli limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamene mwana ali ndi zambiri, koma osati zonse, zolephereka kukula ndi / kapena nkhope ya feteleza ya feteleza, komanso dongosolo la mitsempha lopweteka kwambiri, ndipo ndithudi, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa.
Ngakhale mwanayo alibe vuto kapena kukula kwake, kumwa mowa mwauchidakwa kungachititse kuti mchitidwe wamanjenje uwonongeke kwambiri ngati ana omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zonse za matenda a fetal alcohol.
Mowa Wokhudzana ndi Matenda a Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Mu 1996, bungwe la Institute of Medicine linayambitsa vuto la matenda ozunguza bongo la neurodevelopmental (ARND) kwa ana amene anawonetsa kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha yapamwamba komanso omwe anali ndi vuto lakumwa mowa mwauchidakwa - popanda kufooka kwa thupi kapena nkhope.
Zotsatira za Mowa wa Fetal
Panthawi ina, mawuwa anagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti azindikire ana omwe anali ndi zina, koma osati zonse, za zizindikiro za matenda a fetal alcohol. Kuchokera mu 1995, mawu oti "kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso" sanamveke bwino chifukwa amasonyeza kuti pali vuto lokhazikika pakati pa kumwa mowa ndi zizindikiro za mwana zomwe sizikanatsimikiziridwa.
Chifukwa chakuti zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudzana ndi kumwa mowa nthawi zambiri zimachitika kawirikawiri kwa anthu omwe alibe chizoloŵezi cha kumwa mowa, madokotala amayamba kusiya kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe amasonyeza kuti kumwa mowa kunayambitsa zotsatira, monga "kumwa mowa kwambiri" komanso "matenda oledzeretsa oledzera. "
Code Code Diagnostic Code
Mu 1997, boma la Washington FAS Diagnostic and Prevention Network linapanga njira yodziwira zotsatira zowonjezera za ana omwe ali ndi vuto la kumwa mowa. Malingana ndi webusaiti ya webusaitiyi, chiwerengero cha zizindikiro 4, "chimapereka chidziwitso cholondola komanso chokhazikitsidwa ndi zilembo zowonjezera, zolinga zenizeni komanso zenizeni."
Manambala anayi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pofotokoza kuopsa kwa zizindikiro za fetal alcohol syndrome motere: (1) kuchepa kwachangu, (2) nkhope za nkhope za maso, (3) dongosolo la mitsempha lopweteka limawonongeka kapena (4) ) kumwa mowa wamasiye.
Chilichonse chimakhala chiwerengero kuyambira 1 mpaka 4 pa mlingo ndi 1 kukhala wopanda kwathunthu kwa matenda a fetal alcohol ndi 4 kuwonetsera kukhalapo kolimba "kwapamwamba" kwa gawoli.
Mwachitsanzo, 3444 omwe amapezeka kuti ali ndi nambala 4, angasonyeze kuti mwanayo ali ndi vuto lochepa lakula, nkhope yayikulu, mawonekedwe enieni a mitsempha yotayika komanso kumwa mowa kwambiri.
Static Encephalopathy (Chakumwa Mowa)
Liwu limeneli linakhazikitsidwa mu 2002 ndipo limagwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthawuzira ana omwe ali ndi ziwalo zomangamanga, zokhudzana ndi ubongo ndi / kapena zofunikira zomwe zimagwira ntchito m'thupi mwawo, koma zosawerengeka ndizokhazikika - sizikuyenda bwino kapena sizikuyenda bwino.
Matenda a Neurobehavioral (Mowa Umasonyeza)
Matenda a neurobehavioral (alcohol exposed) ndi matenda kwa ana amene ali ndi vuto lochepa la mitsempha lopweteketsa, koma palibe umboni wa zovuta zenizeni.
Mfundo Yofunika pa FAS
Monga momwe mukuonera kuchokera m'mafotokozedwe apamwambawa, kuyamwa kwa mowa mwaukali kungayambitse zilema zambiri zobereka, kuyambira wofatsa mpaka wolepheretsa. Matenda a Fetal alcohol ndi amene amachititsa kuti anthu azilephera kudwala matendawa komanso kuti akhale ndi vutoli.
Kuteteza matenda a fetus ndi kosavuta. Ngati mukufuna kukatenga, musamamwe mowa. Mukapeza kuti muli ndi pakati, musiye kumwa mofulumira.
> Chitsime:
> University of Washington FAS Kufufuza ndi Kuteteza Network. "Kodi FASD, FAS, FAS yapadera ndi ARND?"
> University of Washington FAS Kufufuza ndi Kuteteza Network. " Buku lofufuza za matenda oledzeretsa zakumwa za Fetal: Code 4 ya Digit Diagnostic Code (PDF) ." 2004.