Mayeso a Electrodiagnostic amathandiza ndi mitsempha ya mitsempha ndi minofu
Maphunziro a Electromyography (EMG) ndi maphunziro a mitsempha (NCS) ndi zipangizo zamtengo wapatali zomwe zimathandizira akatswiri a sayansi ya zitsamba kudziwa ndi zomwe zimayambitsa matenda omwe amakhudza minofu ndi mitsempha ya m'magazi. Mu EMG, singano yaing'ono imayikidwa mu minofu kuti iwonetse ntchito zamagetsi. Maphunziro a mitsempha ya mitsempha, ma electrodes amaikidwa pa khungu lozungulira mitsempha, ndipo magalasi ena ojambula amaikidwa pambali yosiyana pa mitsempha yomweyo.
Kusokonezeka pang'ono kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kugwedeza kwa magetsi kunalembedwa.
Pamene EMG ndi NCS ndizoyesa zosiyana, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito palimodzi chifukwa zomwe zimapindula kuchokera ku yeseso lirilonse ndizovomerezeka. Mayesero awiriwa pamodzi amakhala ophunzitsa kuposa momwe amagwiritsira ntchito okha, kupatulapo pazinthu zina.
Kumvetsetsa zotsatira za NCS
Mbendera yamagetsi yomwe imatumizidwa pamodzi ndi axon ya mitsempha imatchedwa chochita. Phunziro lachitetezo cha mitsempha, zotsatirazi ndizimene zimapangidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi kuti aone momwe axon akuyankhira.
Pali mbali ziŵiri zazikulu za kufufuza kwa mitsempha yopangitsa mitsempha-kumva ndi magalimoto. Kulemba kuchokera ku mitsempha yachisokonezo kumapangitsa munthu kuchita mantha (SNAP), ndi kujambula kuchokera ku minofu kumabweretsa zovuta zothandizira (CMAP).
Mawu ena omwe mungakumane nawo mu lipoti la EMG kapena NCS ndi awa:
- Chiyero: Mphamvu ya magetsi imayimiridwa ngati mkokomo, ndipo matalikidwe ake ndi kutalika kwake.
- Kuwongolera mothamanga (CV): Kuthamanga kwapadera kumafotokoza mmene liwiro la magetsi limayenderera pamtunda.
- Nthawi: Ichi chikufotokozera kukula kwa magetsi.
- Choponderetsa: Ichi ndi kuchepa kwa chizindikiro ku dera la anatomical monga mkono. Izi zimapangitsa kuti mitsempha imangidwe, monga mu matenda a carpal tunnel .
- F reflex: The F wave ndi mtundu wa magetsi, momwe lingaliro limayendera mpaka msana ndiyeno kubwereranso pamtengowo womwewo. Momwemo zimapereka mphamvu ya kupititsa kutalika kwa utali wa magalimoto.
- H reflex: H wave ndi magetsi omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mwendo. Ulendo wopita kumsana wa msana kudzera m'mitsempha, kenako umabwerera kumbuyo.
Miyeso imeneyi imapereka zidziwitso za magalimoto awiri ndi zowonongeka za dongosolo la mitsempha . Amanenanso ngati axon kapena tsamba la myelin la mitsempha lawonongeka kwambiri ndi matenda a ubongo. Myelin amathandiza kuchita zomwe zingatheke kuyenda mofulumira, ndipo motero mavuto anga a myelin (myelinopathies), kupititsa patsogolo kwawowo kumachepa. Mavuto ndi axonopathies, mafinya omwe ali osayenerera akhoza kupanga zizindikiro pafupipafupi, koma pali zochepa zomwe zimayambitsa ma signal ofooka ndi kuchepa kwa matalikidwe.
Kumvetsetsa EMG Results
Pamene EMG ikuchitidwa, ntchito yamagetsi kuchokera ku minofu ya minofu imayesedwa ndikuwonetsedwa ngati mafunde akusewera ndi phokoso ngati phokoso. Wothandizira onse amamvetsera mawu awa ndipo amawunika mawonekedwe kuti awone zovuta.
Pamene mitsempha imalimbikitsa minofu kuti igwirizane, zotsatira zake ndizomwe zimagwira ntchito zamagetsi zomwe zimatchedwa mphamvu yogwira ntchito (MUP).
Mu matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha, nthawi zina minofu imayamba kuyamba kuchita zozizwitsa zokha. Izi zikhoza kuzindikiridwa ndi EMG monga mafilimu ndi mafunde abwino kwambiri. Nthawi zina kusokoneza kumayambitsa maonekedwe a minofu otchedwa fasciculations.
Ngati mitsempha yakulavulaka ndikugwedezeka, mitsempha imayendetsa nthambi kuti ikhale ndi malo ambiri. Izi zimayambitsa MUPs zazikulu kwambiri. Ngati MUPs ali aang'ono kwambiri kapena mwachidule izo zimasonyeza kukhalapo kwa matenda a mitsempha (myopathy).
Madokotala kutanthauzira zotsatira za EMG angathenso kutchula mawu akuti "chitsanzo cholembera." Pamene minofu imagwira ntchito, mitsempha ya mitsempha imasonyeza minofu yochulukirapo yambiri (yotchedwa magalimoto) kuti igwirizane ndi kuthandizira.
Mu matenda a ubongo, kukula kwake kwa magalimoto osiyanasiyana kumakhala kolimba, koma pali zochepa chabe chifukwa mitsempha silingathe kugwirizana ndi magulu ambiri. Mu myopathies, chiwerengero cha magalimoto chimakhala chachilendo, koma kukula kwake kuli kochepa.
Chitsanzo cha magetsi kuchokera ku minofu chingapereke zowonjezera zowonjezera chifukwa cha vutoli, ndipo zingathe kuthandizanso kudziwa kuti pakhala vuto liti.
Kutanthauzira kwa EMG ndi NCSs sikuli molunjika ndipo sikungapangitse nthawi zonse kuti munthu azindikire-koma mayesero angachepetse chiwerengero cha zidziwitso.
Zotsatira:
Otsatira AR, Sander HW, Clinical Approach to Peripheral Neuropathy: Kufufuza kwa Anatomic ndi Kuyeza Kufufuza. Kupitiliza; Vesi 18, No 1, February 2012.
> Blumenfeld H. Neuroanatomy kupyolera muzipatala zamakono . Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, Inc. Olemba; 2014.