Momwe Mungayankhire Malemba Anu a Galasi
Ngati munayang'anapo pafupi ndi mankhwala anu a magalasi, mwinamwake mukudabwa momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ziwerengero zonsezo ndi zizindikiro. Pofuna kutanthauziridwa padziko lonse, malamulo a magalasi a maso amalembedwa mu mawonekedwe ovomerezeka ndi zolemba zofanana. Pano pali kuyang'ana pazitsanzo zazitsulo zamaso ndi kuyendayenda momwe mungawerenge:
Chitsanzo:
OD: -2.00 - 0.50 x 180
OS: +1.00 DS
ADD: +1.75 O
Phunziro mu Chilatini
Mmodzi ayenera choyamba kuphunzira pang'ono m'Chilatini kuti adziŵe bwino magalasi. Zizindikiro za Chilatini nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chithandizo chaumoyo kulembera mankhwala ndi magulu a magalasi. Zifanizozi zimakhala zochepa chifukwa malamulo ndi malamulo akuyamba kuchepetsa kudalira pa iwo.
Makalata OD amaimira "oculus dexter" ndipo amasonyeza diso lolondola. Makalata OS amaimira "oculus sinister" ndipo amasonyeza diso lakumanzere. Makalatawa amaimira "oculi uterque" ndipo amatanthauza maso onse awiri.
Numeri, Numeri, Numeri
Malemba a magetsi ali ndi manambala - ambiri ndi manambala ambiri. Mu chitsanzo chathu pamwambapa, nambala yoyamba kupita kumanja kwa OD ndi -2.00. Izi zimatengedwa kuti ndi "gawo" la mankhwalawa. Chiwerengero cha nambala chimasonyeza kusayang'ana kapena kuyang'anitsitsa . Kawirikawiri, chizindikiro chochepa (-) chikusonyeza lens yosokoneza mphamvu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza kuyang'anitsitsa.
Chizindikiro chotsimikizika (+) chikusonyeza lenti yabwino yogwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuyendetsa patsogolo.
Chiwerengero chotsatira muzitsulo zoyimira diso ndi -0.50. Nambala iyi ikuimira gawo la "silinda" la mankhwalawa. Liwu lina la silinda ndi astigmatism ndipo limaimira kusiyana kwa kupotoka ndi mphamvu pakati pa mfundo ziwiri pa diso, zosiyana ndi madigiri 90.
Nambala yotsatira ndi x 180, yowerengedwa ngati "axis 180." Nambalayi ikuwonetsa chiwerengero cha madigiri kuyambira 0 mpaka 180, akuyimira malo omwe ali abwino kwambiri m'maso omwe ali ndi astigmatism pamene akulembedwa mu mawonekedwe osakanizika, monga mwa chitsanzo chapamwamba.
Kwa diso lakumanzere, mudzazindikira kuti chiwerengero cha "sphere" chikuphatikiza limodzi (+1.00) DS. Makalata DS amatanthawuza " diopters sphere" ndipo amasonyeza kuti kukonzekera maso kwamanzere kumakhala kosasuntha kwathunthu popanda kusokonezeka. Mwa kuyankhula kwina, cornea ya diso lamanja ili ndi mawonekedwe ochepa kwambiri, ndipo mawonekedwe a kumanzere a cornea ali pafupi kwambiri kuti azungulira mozungulira. N'chizoloŵezi kulemba SPHERE kapena DS ngati malo ogwiritsira ntchito nambala ya astigmatism kuti atsimikizire kuti wowerenga mankhwalawo amadziwa kuti dokotala sanaiŵale mwakachetechete kujambula chokonza chitsulo kapena astigmatism.
Pomalizira, ADD nambala ya +1.75 ikuimira mphamvu yomwe iyenera "kuwonjezeredwa" pamtundu wapadera kuti mupereke wotsogolera momveka bwino masomphenya pamapeto a ntchito ndi kuwerenga. Nambalayi kawirikawiri siipo m'magawo a achinyamata a magalasi. Ngakhale achinyamata ena akhoza kuyamba kuyandikira mavuto ndikusowa mphamvu yowonjezera, nthawi zambiri amasonyeza kuti wodwalayo amafunikira mphamvu ya bifocal pamene ayamba kumasula kuti ayambe kuyang'ana (vuto limene limayamba kukula pamene tikufikira zaka makumi asanu ndi awiri. )
Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira molakwa kuti +1.75 ndi mphamvu yofunika pogula magalasi owerengera . Komabe, muyenera kupanga algebra pang'ono kuti muwone mphamvu zonse zomwe zimafunika kuti magalasi aziwona masomphenya okhaokha. Mu chitsanzo chapamwamba, ndi -2.00 +1.75 = -0.25. Kotero, dongosolo la kuwerenga magalasi pa diso lamanja likhoza kukhala -0.25 - 0.50 x 180. Kwa diso lakumanzere, chiwerengero ndi +1.75 +1 = =2.75 DS
Onani kuti anthu ambiri ali ndi zosiyana ndi chitsanzo chomwe chili pamwambapa ndipo kawirikawiri amakhala ndi nambala yofanana ndi mphamvu kwa maso onse. Chitsanzo ichi chinasankhidwa kusonyeza kusiyana pakati pa zolemba zomwe zili pafupi ndi zomwe zikuyang'ana ndikuwona momwe ziwerengerozi zimakhudzira mawerengero omwe opangidwa ndi ojambula zithunzi, optometrists ndi ophthalmologists .
Zifanizo Zambiri
Zotsatirazi ndi zochepa zochepa zomwe mungakumane nazo mulemba lanu la magalasi:
- SVD - Single View Distance, kapena magalasi mtunda wokha
- SVN - Single Vision Near, kapena magalasi owerengera okha
- Sphere - Mphamvu yamphamvu imakhala ndi mphamvu yomweyo mu meridians onse
- Silinda - Mphamvu yamagetsi ikuthandizani astigmatism ndipo imaimira kusiyana kwakukulu kwa diso ndi mphamvu yofooka ya diso, kawirikawiri yopatulidwa ndi madigiri 90.
- Axis - amasonyeza mbali (mu madigiri) pakati pa meridians a diso lopweteka
- PD - (kutalika kwa pupillary, kapena kutalika pakati pa malo awiri a ophunzira pakati pa maso) Mng'onoting'ono umenewu ndi wofunikira popanga magalasi omwe amatha kuvala ndi opambana.
- Prism - Prism sichidalembedwe kawirikawiri. Nthawi zambiri amalembedwa kuti achotse fanoyo m'njira ina kwa odwala omwe ali ndi diso ( strabismus ) kapena minofu ina kapena maso.
Monga mukuonera, kuwerenga kalata yanu yamagetsi kungakhale kusokoneza. Komabe, phunzirani pang'ono ndikuchita, mungathe kuwerenga mndandanda wanu wa magalasi ngati mankhwala ngati mukusowa thandizo.
Chitsime:
Eskridge, J. Boyd, John Amos ndi Jimmy D. Bartlett. "Ndondomeko Zachidziwitso Mu Optometry." Copyright 1991 ndi Company JB Lippincott, Chaputala 18 - "Monocular Subjective Refraction" ndi Polasky Michael, masamba 174-188.