Funso: Kodi Cholakwika cha Kukhumudwa N'chiyani?
Yankho: Cholakwika cha refractive chimachitika pamene diso silikuyendetsa bwino (refract) pamene ilololoka mu diso, zomwe zimabweretsa chithunzi chosowa. Pali zovuta zambiri zomwe zimaphatikizapo zolakwika za refractive, zambiri zomwe zimakhala zozolowereka kwambiri kwa inu.
Zotsatirazi ndizolakwika zolakwika zowonongeka:
- Kuyang'anitsitsa : Kuyang'anitsitsa, kapena myopia, ndi chikhalidwe chomwe zinthu zakutali zikuwonekeratu bwino, koma zakutali zimakhala zovuta. Kuyembekezera kuyang'anitsitsa kungatengedwe ndipo nthawi zambiri kumawululidwa ali mwana.
- Kuganizira zam'tsogolo : Kuganizira zam'tsogolo, kapena hyperopia (komwe kumatchedwanso hypermetropia), nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa zinthu zakutali kuti ziwoneke bwino, koma zinthu zowoneka ngati zosaoneka. Nthawi zambiri anthu amatha kuona zinthu mofulumira. Pamene wina ali ndi maonekedwe akuluakulu, kutalika kwawo kungakhale kophweka kuwonjezera pa masomphenya awo pafupi. Anthu ambiri amalephera kuyang'ana kwa presbyopia, zolakwika zomwe zimachitika nthawi zambiri zimapezeka zaka zoposa 40.
- Astigmatism : Astigmatism imapezeka nthawi imene cornea ili ndi mphutsi yosasinthasintha. The cornea ndi yokhotakhota kwambiri mu njira imodzi, yopangitsa masomphenya ophwanyika. Astigmatism ingayambitse masomphenya pamtunda wonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi maso kapena maso. Anthu ambiri ali ndi mayendedwe ochepa chabe. Mafupa ambiri a astigmatism amachititsa kusokonezeka kuphatikizapo masomphenya osokoneza. Kawirikawiri kuchuluka kwa astigmatism nthawi zina kumakhala kovuta kupeza masomphenya 20/20.
- Presbyopia : Presbyopia ndi ukalamba wodala wa diso. Ndikutayika kwa mitsempha yomwe imapezeka ndi ukalamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kuyika pambali. Asayansi akukhulupiliranso kuti kuwonjezera pa kutayika kwa disolo, minofu yomwe imapangitsa kuti disolo lisinthe, limatchedwa kuti ciliary body, limayambanso kugwira ntchito. Presbyopia kawirikawiri imakhala yaikulu pambuyo pa zaka 40-45 zaka koma anthu pakati pa 35-40 akhoza kusonyeza zizindikiro zoyambirira malingana ndi maonekedwe awo, ntchito ndi moyo wawo.
Zolakwitsa ndi zina mwa mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amawona masomphenya ku United States. Ngakhale pakati pa anthu ovomerezeka kwambiri, ambiri a ku America ali ndi zolakwika zolakwika za refractive. Othandizira asayansi, monga optometrists ndi ophthalmologists , akhoza kuyesa kafukufuku wa maso kuti adziwe momwe angakonzere zolakwika. Kuvala maso kumaso, monga magalasi kapena makalenseni, akhoza kulamulidwa kuti athandizire kusintha masomphenya. Kuchitidwa opaleshoni kungagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuthetsa vuto la kusintha.
Zizindikiro
Zizindikiro za matenda opatsirana zimaphatikizapo masomphenya ovuta, kutopa, kusintha masomphenya, kuvutika kuwerenga kapena kuona zinthu zoyandikana, kupweteka mutu, kugwedeza ndi kudutsa maso kwa ana.
Ngati mukukumana ndi zizindikiro izi, funsani dokotala wanu maso kuti muyesedwe. Kwa ana, musadalire kuyang'anitsitsa kwa ana kapena kusukulu. Ngakhale aamwino a sukulu ndi anamwino a sukulu amachita ntchito yabwino kwambiri yowunika thanzi labwino la maso ndi masomphenya, mavuto ena a masomphenya sangapezeke mwa kuyang'ana masomphenya. Ndipotu, ngakhale mutayang'ana 20/20, sizikutanthauza kuti simukusowa malingaliro okonza. Ngakhale kuti kuyang'ana pafupi kuli kovuta kubwezera, ana omwe akuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zambiri amawerenga 20/20 pa tchati cha maso ndipo amakhalabe ndi mavuto akuluakulu osawona.
Chitsime:
ISRS / AAO. American Academy of Ophthalmology, 2009. Kupezeka: April 2009.