Matenda a Koronary (CAD) ndi malo omwe pulasitiki imamanga m'makoma a mitsempha yamakono (zotengera zomwe zimapereka magazi ku minofu ya mtima). Mipangidwe iyi ingachepetse pang'onopang'ono mitsempha, kapena ingathe kuphulika mosayembekezereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke kwambiri. Chifukwa minofu ya mtima imafuna kuti mupitirize kupuma mpweya ndi zakudya kuti mukhale ndi moyo, kutsekedwa kwa mitsempha yamakono kumabweretsa mavuto aakulu.
CAD imayambitsidwa ndi atherosclerosis . Matenda a atherosclerosis ndi matenda osapitirira, omwe amachititsa kuti mitsempha yambiri ya m'thupi, yomwe imakhala ndi cholesterol, calcium, ndi maselo osadziwika (omwe amatchedwa plaques) amamangidwe mkati mwake.
Zotsatira za Atherosclerosis
Mipangidwe imeneyi ingayambitse mitsempha yochepa koma yopita patsogolo, ndipo motero, magazi amatha kupyolera mu mitsempha imakhala yovuta kwambiri. Pamene cholepheretsa chikhala chokwanira, wodwalayo akhoza kupeza angina.
Angina amatanthauza zizindikiro zomwe mungakhale nazo nthawi iliyonse minofu ya mtima ilibe magazi okwanira kudzera m'mitsempha yamakono. Angina nthawi zambiri amamva ngati osamva (nthawi zambiri ululu wopweteka) mkati kapena pambali pa chifuwa, mapewa, khosi kapena manja.
Ng'ombe ya angina ndi angina yomwe imachitika mwatsatanetsatane, mwachitsanzo, mwakhama kapena mutadya. Nthawi zambiri angina imatanthawuza kuti chipika chakhala chokwanira kwambiri kuti chiwonongeko chochepa cha mitsempha yamakono.
Munthu yemwe ali ndi angina wodalirika akupumulira, mitsempha yotsekedwa pang'ono imatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za minofu ya mtima. Koma pamene munthuyo akuchita, (kapena ali ndi nkhawa zina zomwe zimapangitsa mtima kugwira ntchito molimbika), kulepheretsa kumapangitsa kuchulukitsa kokwanira kwa magazi kupita kumtima, ndipo angina imachitika.
Kawirikawiri angina imatanthawuza kuti pali chopangira chofunika kwambiri mu mitsempha yomwe imalepheretsa kutuluka kwa magazi.
Kuwonjezera pa kukhumudwitsa ndi kukula kwa kukula kwake, mapulaneti amakhalanso akudzidzidzidzidzidwa mofulumira, zomwe zingawonongeke mwadzidzidzi. Matenda omwe amachitidwa chifukwa cha mapulanetiwa amatchedwa Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). ACS nthawi zonse imakhala yachipatala .
Angina wosakhazikika ndi mtundu umodzi wa ACS. Angina yosasunthika imachitika pamene chikwangwani chakhala chitaphulika pang'ono, kuchititsa kuwonongeka kwadzidzidzi kwa mitsempha. Mosiyana ndi angina okhazikika, zizindikiro za angina zosakhazikika zimachitika mosayembekezereka, (ndiko kuti, sizili zokhudzana ndi kuumirira kapena kupsinjika maganizo), ndipo makamaka zimakhala zochitika panthawi yopuma. (Dzina lina la angina losakhazikika ndi "kupuma kwa angina.") Odwala omwe ali ndi angina osakhazikika ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chokhala ndi chidziwitso chokwanira cha mitsempha yotchedwa coronary artery, yomwe imatsogolera ku matenda a myocardial infarction .
Kuthamanga kwa myocardial , kapena matenda a mtima, ndi njira yovuta ya ACS. Pano, chikwangwanicho chimapangitsa chiwerengero cha (kapena pafupi) chiwonongeko cha mitsempha , kotero kuti minofu ya mtima imaperekedwa ndi mitsemphayo imamwalira. Motero, vuto la mtima ndi imfa ya minofu ya mtima.
Kuipa kwa matenda a myocardial infarction kumadalira makamaka momwe minofu ya mtima yatha. Kachilombo ka mtima kamodzi kamene kamangokhala kagawo kakang'ono ka mtima kamene kamwalira. Mliri waukulu wa mtima ndi umodzi umene minofu yaikulu ya mtima imafa.
Ngati wodwalayo atalandira mankhwala ochepa mu maola ochepa chabe, kuyambira kwa matenda a mtima kungachepetse kwambiri mwa kupereka " mankhwala osokoneza bongo ," kapena kuchita mwamsanga angioplasty (ndipo kawirikawiri, kuuma ) kutsegula mzere wotsekedwa.
Atatha kupweteka kwa mtima, wodwalayo akadali pangozi. Kuwonjezeka kwa mtima kumakhala kotheka ngati zizindikiro zambiri zilipo mitsempha yamakono .
Ndiponso, malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa minofu ya mtima yomwe yawonongeka, wodwalayo akhoza kukhala ndi mtima wolephera . Komanso, kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya mtima kumayambitsa kusakhazikika kwamuyaya mu magetsi , zomwe zingabweretse kumangika mtima mwadzidzidzi . Choncho, pambuyo pa matenda a mtima, zoopsa zonsezi ziyenera kuyesedwa mosamala, ndipo njira zowonongeka ziyenera kutengedwa kuti zithetse mavuto onsewa momwe zingathere. Nazi zambiri zokhudza kuchepetsa chiopsezo mutatha kupweteka kwa mtima .
Kupewa ndi Njira Yabwino Kwambiri
Njira yabwino yolimbana ndi matenda a mitsempha yamakono , ndithudi, ndikuteteza. Tonsefe tiyenera kuchita zonse zomwe tingathe kuti tipewe mavuto athu a CAD .
Kwa omwe ali kale ndi CAD, kuchepetsa zoopsa zomwezo zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri, pofuna kuchepetsa kukula kwa matendawa. Kuonjezerapo, pali njira zingapo zothandizira CAD, kuphatikizapo mankhwala, mankhwala opaleshoni , ndi angioplasty ndi stenting. Chithandizo cha CAD nthawizonse chiyenera kukhala payekha, ndipo kupatsirana kwabwino kumadalira kulingalira mosamala kwa zosankha zonse, ndi dokotala komanso wodwalayo.
> Zosowa
> McGovern, PG, Pankow, JS, Shahar, E, et al. Matenda aposachedwa mu Matenda a mtima a Coronary Heart - Kufa, Kutaya, Kuchiza, ndi Zoopsa. Ofufuza Kafukufuku wa Mtima wa Minnesota. N Engl J Med 1996; 334: 884.
> Rosamond, WD, Chambless, LE, Folsom, AR, ndi al. Zotsatira za chiopsezo cha Myocardial Infarction ndi mu imfa chifukwa cha matenda a Coronary Heart, 1987 mpaka 1994. N Engl J Med 1998; 339: 861.