Mankhwala amodzi amaletsa HIV kulowa ndi kulandira maselo
HIV kulowa inhibitors (amadziwikanso kuti fusion inhibitors) ndi gulu la mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ochizira HIV . Maselo ofunika kwambiri a mankhwalawa amatha kuimitsa kachilombo ka HIV kuwonjezeka mwa kudziphatika kwa mapuloteni ena pamwamba pa selo. Awa ndi mapuloteni omwe HIV imayenera "kutsegula" kuti alowemo. Popanda njira yotero, kachilombo ka HIV silingathe kufotokoza ndikupanga mapepala ambiri.
Anthu omwe amatsutsana ndi magulu ena a kachilombo ka HIV angapindule ndi mavitamini olowera momwe angathere kusinthika kosagonjetsedwa kwa HIV. Iyi ndi nkhani yabwino kwambiri kwa aliyense amene wakhala akuchiritsidwa kwa zaka zambiri ndipo wapezeka kuti ali ndi njira zochepa zochizira.
Pakalipano, pali ziwalo ziwiri za HIV zomwe zimaloledwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA): Selzentry (maraviroc) ndi Fuzeon (enfuvirtide).
Maraviroc ndi CCR5 Ovomereza Antagonists
Wotsutsana ndi CCR5 wothandizidwa ndi mtundu wolowera m'thupi umene umaletsa HIV kuti isamangidwe ndi mapuloteni pa CD4 T-cell yotchedwa CCR5. Komiti ya CCR5 ndi imodzi mwa mfundo zofunika kwambiri za HIV, makamaka m'matenda oyambirira. Poletsa chida ichi, kachilombo ka HIV sikalowa kulowa mumsasa ndikugwiritsira ntchito mawonekedwe ake.
Odziwikanso ngati kulowa mu inhibitor , wotsutsana ndi CCR5 amasiyana ndi magulu ena a antiretroviral chifukwa sichimayambitsa matendawa mwachindunji koma m'malo mwake amafikira pamwamba pa selo yolandiridwa.
Zimasiyananso ndi momwe zingathandizire anthu ena osati ena. Izi ndi chifukwa HIV imatha kusiyana pakati pa munthu ndi mnzake. Mitundu ina ya kachilombo ka HIV idzamangiriza munthu wamba pogwiritsa ntchito CCR5 receptor; ena amagwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimatchedwa CXCR4 receptor kuti alowe.
(Kawirikawiri, CCR5 imawonekeranso kwambiri m'matenda oyambirira pamene CXCR4 ikuwonekera pa matenda otha msinkhu.)
Kuti adziwe izi, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mayeso a majeremusi otchedwa trofi testay amatsimikizira kuti matendawa ndi otentha kwambiri. Ngati mayeserowa ndi othandiza kwa CCR5, kachilomboka kanenedwa kuti ndi "CCR5 tropic," kutanthauza kuti idzavomerezeka kwa mankhwala otsutsana ndi CCR5. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kachirombo ka CXCR4-tropic sikakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala.
Ngakhale kuti otsutsa ambiri a CCR5 apangidwa chimodzi chokha chafika pamsika:
- Aplaviroc (dzina lachilombo GSK-873140) linalekezedwa pa mayesero a zamankhwala mu 2005 chifukwa cha chiwopsezo chachikulu cha chiwindi.
- Maraviroc (yomwe ili pansi pa mayina a dzina la Selzentry ku US ndi Celsentri kunja) inavomerezedwa mu March 2007 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwa wodwala amene anadwala kale
- Vicriviroc (dzina lachinsinsi SCH 417690) linasiyidwa ndi wopanga mu 2010 atalephera kukwaniritsa zolinga zomwe zimapangidwa ndi wopanga.
Mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa, maraviroc, adawonetsedwa kuti akwaniritse kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa mu 60 peresenti ya anthu omwe amakana kwambiri mankhwala ena. Anthu omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa amafunika kuyang'anitsitsa kwambiri chifukwa angayambe kuopsa kwa chiwindi. Ena akhoza kukumana ndi kutupa khungu ndi zina zotero.
Fuzeon ndi Kukula kwa Fusion Inhibitors
Kusakanizidwa ndi siteji ya moyo wa HIV zomwe zimathandiza kuti kachilombo kamangidwe kumsasa wambiri asanalowemo.
Fusion inhibitor imagwira ntchito kumangiriza mapuloteni a gp41 pamwamba pa selo yowonongeka ndipo imalepheretsa kusakaniza ndi HIV. Popanda chisokonezo ichi, kubwezeretsa kachilombo ka HIV kumaletsedwa ndipo matenda amachotsedwa.
Pakalipano, fusion inhibitors yapangidwa kuti iperekedwe ndi jekeseni m'malo mogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Izi, kuphatikizapo mtengo wapatali wa mankhwala (pafupifupi madola 25,000 / chaka), amalephera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa pofuna kupulumutsa mankhwala (pamene njira zina zamankhwala zatha).
Otsatira ambiri a fusion inhibitor apangidwa, ngakhale kuti imodzi yokha yafika pamsika:
- Enfurvitide (yomwe ili pansi pa dzina la Fuzeon) inavomerezedwa ndi FDA mu 2003 kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pa odwala odziwa chithandizo.
- T-1249 inaletsedwa ndi wopanga chifukwa cha mbali ya kuyankha kosauka ku Fuzeon.
- TRI-1144 ndi TRI-199 onse akhala akukula kuchokera mu 2003 ndipo asanalowe mayesero akuluakulu a zachipatala.
Mmodzi amene amavomereza fusion inhibitor, enfurvitide, amafunika kuwiriridwa kawiri-tsiku ndi tsiku. Zotsatirapo zingaphatikizepo kugona tulo, kupweteka kwa minofu, kupsinjika maganizo, chifuwa, kupweteka kwa khungu, kupuma pang'ono, kutaya thupi, ndi kuuma kwa khungu pa malo opangira jekeseni.
Zotsatira:
Biswas, P .; Tambussi, G ;; ndi Lazzarin, A. "Kukanika kukanidwa? Ulemu wa co-receptor choletsa kupewa HIV." Maganizo a akatswiri mu Pharmacotherapy. 2008; 8 (7): 923-933.
Chakudya ndi Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA ikuvomereza Novel Antiretroviral Drug." Silver Spring, Maryland; August 6, 2007.
FDA. "Phukusi lovomerezeka ndi mankhwala: Fuzeon (enfuvirtide) kwa jekeseni." March 13, 2003.