Kugwiritsira ntchito, kulingalira, ndi kutsutsana
Sustiva (efavirenz) ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV pakati pa akuluakulu ndi ana.
Nkhalangoyi imakhala ngati nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) ndipo imakhalanso mbali ya mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa mankhwala a Atripla (tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz) omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala oyamba ku US.
Sustiva inavomerezedwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) pa September 21, 1998.
Ku Ulaya ndi madera ena ambiri padziko lapansi, mankhwalawa amagulitsidwa pansi pa dzina lazamalonda, Stocrin.
Kupanga Mankhwala
Msuti amapezeka pamapiritsi 600mg. Pulogalamu yachikasu, yofukiza ndi filimu yophimbidwa ndi kusindikizidwa ndi nambala "SUSTIVA" kumbali zonse.
Sustiva imapezekanso mu mawonekedwe a 200mg ndi 50mg kapsule. Ma capsules a 200mg ali ndi golide, amasindikizidwa ndi "SUSTIVA" pa thupi la capsule ndi "200 mg" pa kapu. Makapisozi 50mg ali ndi kapu ya golide yosindikizidwa ndi "SUSTIVA" ndi thupi loyera lofalitsidwa ndi "t0 mg."
Mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati monotherapy koma m'malo mophatikiza ndi mankhwala oyenera oteteza ma ARV .
Mlingo
Kwa akuluakulu, tengani piritsi imodzi imodzi pamtunda tsiku lililonse, mwamsanga musanagone ndi m'mimba yopanda kanthu. Kuwonjezera:
- Ngati ali ndi rifampin (yogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pochiza matenda a chifuwa chachikulu), onjezerani mlingo wa 800mg kamodzi tsiku lililonse kwa odwala opitirira 110 lbs (50kg).
- Ngati otsogolera ali ndi voriconazole ( mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse pofuna kuthandizira matenda opatsirana omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV), yesetsani mlingo wa mlingo wa voriconazole ku 400mg kawiri pa tsiku ndi kuchepetsa Kusunga kwa 300mg kamodzi pa tsiku.
Kwa ana osachepera zaka zitatu ndikuposa 7.7 lbs (35kg), perekani motere:
- 7.7 lbs (3.5kg) osachepera 11 lbs (5kg): 100mg
- 11 lbs (5kg) kupitirira 16.5 lbs (7.5kg): 150mg
- 16.5 lbs (7.5kg) osachepera 33 lbs (15kg): 200mg
- 33 lbs (15kg) kupitirira 44 lbs (20kg): 250mg
- Makilogalamu 44 (20kg) osakwana 55 lbs (25kg): 300mg
- 55 lbs (25kg) osachepera 71.6 lbs (32.5kg): 350mg
- Masentimita 71.6 (32.5kg) osachepera 88lbs (40kg): 400mg
- 88 lbs (40kg) ndipitirira: 600mg
Ma capsules a Sustiva angamezedwe kwathunthu kapena monga sprinkles. Kutsekedwa mu mawonekedwe a piritsi, kumbali inayo, sikuyenera kuphwanyika chifukwa izi zingayambitse kuchepetsa (kapena kutengeka kosayenera) kwa ana.
Zotsatira Zogwirizana
Zotsatira zofala zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya Sustiva (mu 10% ya milandu kapena yochepa) ndi:
- Rash
- Nausea
- Chizungulire
- Mutu
- Kutopa
- Kusagona
- Kuthamanga
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
- Zimakhumudwa m'mimba
- Maloto odabwitsa, omveka bwino
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
- Mantha / nkhawa
Zambiri mwa zizindikirozi zimakhala zosakhalitsa, nthawi zambiri zimadzikonza okha mkati mwa milungu ingapo mpaka mwezi. Zina mwazigawo zamatenda zimayambitsa (chizungulire, kusowa mtendere) zimatha kuchepetsa kutenga Sustiva asanayambe kugona.
Zosakaniza Zogwiritsa Ntchito Khungu la Msuzi
Mu maphunziro a zachipatala olamuliridwa, 26 peresenti ya odwala omwe adangobwera kumene ku Sustiva adakali ndi khungu, ngakhale kuti ambiri anali ofatsa komanso ochepa kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri ankawonekera mkati mwa masabata awiri oyambirira.
Ngati mutangotha msanga mutangoyambira Sustiva, funsani dokotala kapena wothandizira zaumoyo. Nthawi zina (zochepa zosachepera 1%) zimakhala zovuta kwambiri, zimapereka malungo ndi zilonda zamoto, zomwe zimaonetsa kuti thupi limatentha kwambiri lomwe limatchedwa matenda a Stevens-Johnson. tcherani.
Muzochitika zina zonse, ziphuphuzo nthawi zambiri zimadzisintha zokha popanda kusiya mankhwala.
Contraindications
Mankhwalawa sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ena omwe si a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: Edurant (rilpivirine), Intelence (etravirine), Rescriptor (delavirdine), kapena Viramune (nevirapine).
Wodwala ali ndi matenda omwe amachititsa kuti asamangidwe-kuphatikizapo matenda a Stevens-Johnson ( onani pamwambapa ) kapena kuphulika kwa khungu la poizoni-sayenera kubwezeretsedwanso ndi mankhwalawa kapena olemba Atripla, omwe amadziwika kuti ali ndi mankhwala omwe akuphatikizapo Sustiva.
Mankhwalawa samalimbikitsidwanso pamene akuyendetsedwa ndi mankhwala a hepatitis C (HCV) Victrelis (boceprevir) ndi Olysio (simeprevir) chifukwa cha kusowa kwa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana a HCV awiri.
Zotsatira za Chithandizo
Kusungidwa kumagwirizanitsa ndi zovuta za fetus mu maphunziro ambiri a nyama. Ngakhale pakadakali mkangano wosonyeza kuti Sustiva ali ndi chiopsezo chenicheni kwa anthu, ndibwino kuti Sustiva asamapezeke panthawi yomwe ali ndi pakati, makamaka m'miyezi itatu yoyamba. Amayi amalangizidwanso kuti asamamwe mkaka pamene akutenga Sustiva.
Zotsatira:
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Kuvomerezeka kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo - Sustiva (efavirenz) 50mg, 100mg, 200mg capsules." Silver Spring, Maryland; inatulutsidwa pa September 21, 1998.