Zowunika Zowunika Zimapereka Njira Yowonjezera Kwambiri
Chithandizo chogwira ntchito ndi umboni wokhudzana ndi momwe HIV ingasungidwire popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osatha. Mosiyana ndi katemera woteteza thupi , womwe HIV imachotsedwera m'thupi, mankhwala ochiritsira amagwira ntchito mozama kwambiri pamene kachilombo kameneka sikangayambitse matenda ngakhale atakhalabe ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
Pakhala chisangalalo chochuluka komanso pafupifupi kutsutsana kwakukulu pokhudzana ndi machiritso othandizira. Françoise Barré-Sinoussi , yemwe adapeza kachilombo ka HIV, adanena mu 2013 kuti amakhulupirira kuti chithandizo choterechi chipezeka "m'zaka 30 zotsatira." Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, Robert Gallo (yemwenso amavomereza kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV) amaganiza kuti lingaliroli ndi lolakwika ndipo amakhulupirira kuti mbali zina za chiphunzitso "sichitha kugwira ntchito."
Mmene Mpata Wothandizira Ungagwire Ntchito
Chimodzi mwa mavuto aakulu omwe oyang'anizana nawo akukumana nawo ndi maselo ndi ziwalo za thupi (zotchedwa zivomezi zoperewera ) kumene kachilombo ka HIV kangapitirizebe ngakhale nkhope yothetsera vutoli. Zobisika mkati mwa zida zamagulu awa ndizo chibadwa cha HIV, chimene chitetezo cha mthupi sichitha kuzindikira.
Popeza kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sikuti timayesetsanso mwatsatanetsatane-koma m'malo mwake timatengedwera mopanda malire ngati selo lolandiridwayo limatanthauzira-makamaka silingakhudzidwe ndi mankhwala opatsirana pogonana (chifukwa chakuti ma antiretroviral amagwira ntchito mwa kusokoneza siteji ya moyo wa odwala, osati olowa).
Pali zitsanzo zambiri zomwe zikufufuzidwa kuti zithetse izi:
- Sungani malo osungira. Asayansi ena asonyeza kuti, polimbikitsa zivomezi, kachilombo ka HIV kamatha kukhazikitsidwa ndikumasulidwa ku malo awo obisika. Kuchita zimenezi kumapangitsa ART ndi othandizira ena kuthetseratu kachilombo ka HIV komwe kanatsukidwa kumene, njira yodziwika kuti "kupha." Mankhwala angapo amatha kuthetsa zida zofunika izi koma mpaka pano, pokhapokha. Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo akuyembekezeredwa kusintha pa zotsatira izi.
- Limbikitsani thupi kuti likhale ndi ma antibodies "wakupha". Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapuloteni oteteza mthupi, otchedwa antibodies, omwe amapangidwa ndi thupi chifukwa cha matenda. Zina mwa izi zimatha kuthetsa HIV. Vuto ndilokuti kachilombo ka HIV kamathamanga mofulumira kotero kuti palibe mitundu yambiri yambiri ya "wakupha" ma antibodies kuti athetsere mavuto onse. Komabe, m'zaka zaposachedwapa, wasayansi apeza kuti anthu ena, omwe sapezekapo, amadziwika bwino kwambiri kuti asatengere ma antibodies (BnAbs) omwe angathe kupha kusintha kwakukulu kwa HIV. Asayansi akufufuza njira zothandizira machitidwe amenewa, omwe angathandize kukwaniritsa lonjezo la "kupha"
Umboni Pothandiza Chithandizo Chogwira Ntchito
Ngakhale kufufuza mu machiritso othandizira kwakhala pa tebulo kwa zaka zingapo, zochitika zitatu zenizeni zinapereka umboni weniweni wa mfundo.
Mmodzi mwa iwo ndi wodwala yemwe amakhulupirira kuti "adachiritsidwa" kachilombo ka HIV mu 2009. Timothy Brown (Wodwala wa Berlin) anali wachimwene wokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV akukhala ku Berlin yemwe anapatsidwa kuyesera kuperekera mafupa kuti apeze matenda ake a m'magazi. Madokotala anasankha wopereka maselo ochepa omwe ali ndi masentimita awiri a kusintha kwa majini otchedwa CCR5-delta-32, omwe amadziwika kuti amapewa kachirombo ka HIV mwa anthu osawerengeka .
Kuyesedwa kawirikawiri komwe kamangotengedwa kumene kunawonetsa kuti ma antibodies a HIV mu magazi a Brown anali atatsikira kuzinthu zotero monga kuthetsa kuthetsa kwathunthu kwa kachilomboka. Zotsatira zamatsutso zatsimikiziranso kuti palibe umboni wa kachilombo ka HIV mumtundu uliwonse wa Brown, kutsimikizira kuti munthuyo analididi kuchiritsidwa. Ngakhale kuti chiopsezo cha imfa chimaonedwa kuti ndi chapamwamba kwambiri kuti sichifufuze mapeto a mafupa a mafupa ngati njira yowononga, vutoli limapereka umboni wakuti chithandizo chilidi.
Pakalipano, asayansi ena akhala akufufuzira opanga mawonekedwe omwe angathe kuthetsa kachilombo ka HIV m'mabotolo awo ochepetsedwa.
Chimodzi mwa maphunziro oyambirira, omwe anachitidwa ku yunivesite ya North Carolina m'chaka cha 2009, chinasonyeza kuti mankhwala ena otchedwa histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors angayambitse kachilombo ka HIV pamatenda osokoneza bongo omwe amawoneka kuti ali otetezeka komanso olekerera.
Ngakhale kufufuza kobwerezabwereza kwatanthawuza kuti kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa wothandizira mmodzi wa HDAC kungangowonjezeretsa pang'ono, pali umboni wina wosonyeza kuti kuphatikizapo mankhwala a HDAC kapena magulu atsopano a mankhwala oletsa khansa (omwe amatchedwa mankhwala a ingenol) akhoza kutulutsa kachilombo ka HIV kosabisala maguwa.
Njira Yopita
Monga cholonjeza monga momwe kafukufuku onse angaonekere, amauza mafunso ambiri pamene akuyankha. Mmodzi mwa iwo:
- Kodi kuchotsa kachilombo ka HIV m'mabotolo ake kudzakhala kokwanira kuti kachilombo ka HIV sikakhazikitsenso malo osungiramo madzi?
- Ndikofunikira bwanji kuchepetsa kupatsirana kwa ma antibodies kukhala mankhwala ochiritsira operekedwa chifukwa chakuti kutsegulira kwa wodwala mmodzi wa mtundu wotereyi ndizosangalatsa kwambiri?
- Kodi tingakhale bwanji otsimikiza kuti chiwerengero cha tizilombo sichidzachitika monga momwe zinalili ndi vuto la mwana wa Mississippi ndi mayesero ena olephera?
Ngakhale kuti tikuwoneka ngati njira yabwino, ndikofunika kuyang'ana kafukufukuyo ndikukhala ndi chiyembekezo. Ngakhale asayansi akupitiriza kufotokoza zinsinsi zokhudzana ndi kachilombo ka HIV, palibe mwachitukuko ichi chomwe chimasonyeza kuti malamulo okhudza kupewa ndi kuchiza HIV asintha.
Ngati paliponse, atapereka umboni wakuti kuyambirira ndi kuzindikira ndizofunika kwambiri kuchiza, chofunikira kukhalabe maso ndi, chofunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.
Zotsatira:
> Hütter, G ;; Nowak, D .; Mossner, M .; et al. "Kulamulira Kwambiri Kwambiri kwa HIV ndi CCR5 Delta32 / Delta32 Tsinde-Kusuntha kwa Cell." New England Journal of Medicine. February 12, 2009; 360: 692-698.
> Archim, N .; Amakhala, A .; Margolis, D .; et al. "Kufotokozera za HIV Yopitako Kumachokera kwa Potengera HDAC Inhibitor Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid." Kuthandiza Ofufuza za Retroviruses Anthu. February 2009; 25 (2): 207-212.
> Sáez-Cirión, A .; Bacchus, C .; Momwemo, L .; et al. "Otsogolera Odwala HIV-1 Otsatira Okhululukidwa Kwachilendo Kwanthaŵi yaitali Pambuyo Kusokonezeka kwa Njira Yoyamba Yachilombo ka HIV Yoyamba Yoyamba." PLoS Pathology. March 14, 2013; 0 (3): e1003211.
> Jiang, G ;; Mendes, E .; Kaiser, P .; et al. "Kugwiritsiranso ntchito kachilombo koyambitsa kachilombo ka HIV kudzera mwa Ingenol-3-Angelate, PEP005, Yotchulidwa NF-kB Kuwonetsera mu Mgwirizano ndi JQ1 Kupanga p-TEFb Kukonzekera." PLoS Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. July 30 2015; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.ppat.1005066.