Zopereka Zowunikira Zomwe Zimayambitsa Edzi Zidakalibe Mtsutso
Mbiri ya HIV ndi yovuta. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, anthu amadziwika bwino za matenda osamvetsetseka omwe anali kupha anthu zikwizikwi omwe machitidwe awo a chitetezo cha mthupi anali kugwedezeka bwino, ndikuwasiya kuti asatengeke ndi zoopsa zowopsya.
Mmodzi mwa asayansi amavomereza kuti atulukira chifukwa chake cha matenda- kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a munthu ( Robert ) ndi Robert Gallo yemwe, pamodzi ndi ogwira ntchito ake, adafalitsa kafukufuku wawo mu magazini ya Science mukumayambiriro kwa chaka cha1984.
Kotero, mu 2008, pamene Nobel Mphoto ya Medicine inaperekedwa kwa a French French -disco discovers Luc Montagnier ndi Françoise Barré-Sinouss i, anali Gallo osaphatikizapo?
Ntchito Yoyamba Kupeza Kachilombo ka HIV
Robert Charles Gallo anabadwa mu 1937 ndipo, atatha kukhala kuchipatala ku yunivesite ya Chicago, adakhala kafukufuku ku National Cancer Institute, udindo umene anakhala nawo kwa zaka 30. Gallo akuvomereza kuti chosankha chake chofuna ntchito ya kafukufuku wa khansa chinali chachikulu chifukwa cha imfa ya mchemwali wake ku khansa.
Kafukufuku wambiri wa Gallo ndi Institute anaika pa T-cell leukocytes , kachigawo kakang'ono ka maselo oyera a magazi omwe ndi ofunika kwambiri ku chitetezo cha mthupi. Kafukufukuyu anachititsa Gallo ndi gulu lake kukula T-maselo ndikudzipatula mavairasi omwe amawakhudza, kuphatikizapo wina wotchedwa munthu T-cell leukemia virus (kapena HTLV).
Pamene nkhani ya "khansa ya chiwerewere" yodabwitsa inayamba kufotokozedwa ku United States mu 1982, Gallo ndi gulu lake adawaganizira kuti adziwe zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndi wodwala wodwala wodwalayo omwe amachititsa kuti T-maselo akule mwamsanga mwa odwala komanso odwala.
Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo Montagnier ndi mnzake Barré-Sinoussi wa Institut Pasteur anali kutsata zomwe amakhulupirira kuti ndizowopsa chifukwa cha matenda omwe tsopano akuwatcha AIDS (omwe amapezedwa kufooka kwa chitetezo cha mthupi) . Kafukufuku wawo adawombera zomwe adazitcha kuti lymphadenopathy yogwirizana ndi mavenda (LAV), zomwe iwo adanena kuti ndizo zomwe zinayambitsa AIDS mu 1983.
Gallo ndi gulu lake anatulutsa kachilombo komwe kanatchedwa HTLV-3 ndipo inafalitsa nkhani zinayi, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Montagnier ndi mnzake Barré-Sinoussi.
Zinali mu 1986 kuti mavairasi awiri-HTLV-3 ndi LAV-adatsimikiziridwa kuti ali kachilombo komweko, kenako adatchedwanso HIV.
Kupeza Zowonjezera Kumayambitsa Kutsutsana kwa Nobel
Mu 1986, Gallo anapatsidwa mphoto yokongola ya Lasker kuti apeze kachilombo ka HIV. Kusiyanitsa kunasokonekera mwakachetechete ndi kufotokoza kosasangalatsa kwa Gallo mu bukuli Ndipo Bank Akuyimbidwa ndi Randy Shilts, komanso filimu ya HBO TV yomweyi .
Pofika m'chaka cha 1989, mtolankhani wina wofufuzira John Crewdson adalemba nkhaniyi kuti Gallo adagwiritsira ntchito malamulo a LAV kuchokera ku Institut Pasteur, omwe adawatsutsa pambuyo pa kufufuza kwa National Institutes of Health (NIH).
Malinga ndi lipoti la NIH, Montagnier anatumiza kachilombo ka HIV kuchokera kwa wodwalayo kupita ku pempho la National Cancer Institute pa Gallo. Montagnier sankadziwa kuti chitsanzocho chinali chodetsedwa ndi kachilombo kena-chimodzimodzi chomwe timu ya ku France tidzakonza kuti ikhale ya LAV. Sewero la kachilomboka linatsimikiziridwa kukhala loipitsidwa ndi chikhalidwe cha Gallo, zomwe zinayambitsa vuto lalikulu kwambiri la zolemba zazing'ono m'mbiri ya kafukufuku wa Edzi.
Panali mu 1987 kuti kutsutsana kunathetsedwa, ndipo onse awiri a US ndi France anavomera kupatulira ndalama kuchokera ku ufulu wa chibadwidwe. Komabe, panthawiyi, mbiri ya Gallo yavulazidwa kwambiri, ndipo ngakhale mu 2002 magazini ya Science (yomwe Gallo ndi Montagnier inavomereza kuti zatulukirapo), Montagnier yekha ndi Barré-Sinoussi yekha adalandira chidziwitso ndi Komiti ya Nobel ya 2008 .
Gawo Lopitirirabe la Gallo kwa Kafukufuku wa Edzi
Ngakhale izi, zopereka za Gallo ku kafukufuku wa Edzi ndizotsutsana. Kuphatikiza pa kupezeka kwa kachilombo ka HIV, Gallo akutchulidwa kuti akupereka kafukufuku wofunikira kuti ayambe kuyesa HIV.
Mu 1996, Gallo ndi anzake adayambitsa Institute of Human Virology, yomwe idapatsidwa ndalama zokwana madola 15 miliyoni kuchokera ku Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation pofuna kufufuza za katemera wa HIV.
Mu 2011, Gallo anakhazikitsa Global Virus Network n'cholinga chowunikira mgwirizano pakati pa ofufuza omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndikugonjetsa mipata yofufuza.
Zotsatira:
Montagnier, L. "Zolemba za mbiriyakale. Mbiri ya kachilombo ka HIV." Sayansi . November 2002: 298 (5599): 1727-1728.
Gallo, R. "Zolemba za mbiri yakale: zaka zoyambirira za HIV / AIDS." Sayansi . November 2002: 298 (5599): 1728-1730.
Gallo, R. ndi Montagnier, L. "Zolemba za mbiri yakale. Zopindulitsa za m'tsogolo." Sayansi . November 2002: 298 (5599): 1730-1. lembani: 10.1126 / scien ce.1079864. PMID 12459577.