Kuteteza kwambiri kachilombo ka HIV (bNAbs) ndi ma antibodies otetezera opangidwa ndi chitetezo cha mthupi, chomwe chimatha kuthetsa mavuto ambiri a HIV. Mankhwalawa ndi osowa kwambiri pakati pa anthu poyerekeza ndi ma antibodies (kapena NAbs) omwe sagwirizana kwambiri ndi vuto limodzi la HIV.
Panopa pali mitundu yoposa 60 yosiyana kwambiri ya HIV-1 padziko lapansi, ndi zambirimbiri zomwe zimatchedwa kuti HIV.
Popeza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kachilombo ka HIV ingakhalepo pakati pa munthu mmodzi, kukhazikitsa kachilombo ka HIV kwatsimikiziridwa kovuta kwambiri pofufuza chifukwa chakuti katemera wamatenda amachititsa kuti munthu athane ndi matendawa omwe angathetsere mavuto amodzi kapena angapo.
Kuti katemera akhale ogwira mtima, asayansi ayenera kukhala ndi inoculant omwe angathe kuthetsa mitundu yambiri ya HIV. Ichi ndichifukwa chake kupezeka kwa bNAbs kwakhala kofunikira kwambiri pakulera katemera wa HIV .
Ma bBbb omwe amadziwika tsopano anali osiyana ndi anthu omwe amasonyeza kuti ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV ("osadziletsa") kapena kuti amatha kupewa kupitirira matenda popanda kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Mavuto ndi Zovuta mu Chitukuko cha Katemera
Ngakhale kuti mabanju ambiri azindikiranso kuyambira kale mpaka 1993, anthu omwe angakhale opindulitsa kwambiri adakhala okhaokha pambuyo pa 2009 (kuphatikizapo VRC0-1 ndi VRC0-2, omwe amadziwika kuti amaletsa 90% mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana).
Komabe, kudzipatula kwa ma antibodies amenewa sikukutanthauza kuti asayansi angathe kupanga katemera wokhoza kutulutsa yankho lofanana ndi laumunthu (humoral) mwa munthu aliyense. Mpaka pano, sitinazione izi, kaya ndi katemera omwe amatetezedwa ku HIV kapena kupewa matenda omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV.
Chimene ofufuza apeza ndikuti, kunja kwa mabungwe osakanikirana, mabBB sikuti amagwira ntchito mofanana ndi munthu yemwe ali ndi katemera. Ngakhale bNA zimatha kuthetsa kachilombo ka HIV, taphunzira kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zovuta kuti iwo alowe mkati mwake (kapena "envelopu").
Komanso, mwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a HIV omwe akuyendetsedwa ndi katemera, kuyankhidwa kwaumunthu kumawonekera patapita nthawi. Izi zikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi kuti kachilombo ka HIV, mwa chikhalidwe chake, chimawononga chiwerengero cha CD4 T-cells zomwe zimayambitsa chitetezo cha mthupi. Popanda kuthandizidwa ndi CD4, zingakhale zovuta kuyambitsa kupanga mabBB zokwanira kapena zokhazikika.
Ndipo ngakhale atayankhidwa mokwanira, kafukufuku wina amasonyeza kuti ikhoza kukhala imodzi yomwe ikukula kwa nthawi yayitali, pomwe nthawi yomwe anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV angasinthe kuti asatengere zotsatira zake.
Njira Yobwerera
Ngakhale zovutazi, ofufuza akupitiriza kufufuza njira zina kapena zowonjezereka, kuphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya opangidwa ndi majeremusi (njira yomwe amasonyezera imachititsa kuti thupi likhale ndi shuga wodwala shuga, mwachitsanzo) komanso ngakhale zitsulo zozizira (monga Agrobacterium tumefacien, akhoza kupereka DNA yosinthidwa ndi maselo m'maselo aumunthu).
Ena, pakali pano, akufufuzira ngati katemera wothandizira komanso / kapena booster inoculations angapindule bwino, ndipo kafukufuku wina akusonyeza kuti kusasitsa kwa chitetezo cha bNAb kungatenge zaka zingapo.
Kudziwa zambiri zokhudza mabBB kungathe kupangitsa njira yowonjezera yambiri yomwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zina mwazinthu zomwe zimatchedwa " monoclonal antibodies " zimatha kugwiritsira ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya HIV, ndipo zina mwazo zimakhala zochepa.
Chimodzi mwa zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri zomwe anapeza zinali pafupi ndi n6 wodwalayo wa N6 , omwe mu mayesero a labu anatha kuthetsa 98% mwa matenda onse a HIV.
Ngakhale sizikudziwika ngati zotsatirazi zidzasintha pa zovuta zanyama kapena zaumunthu, zikuwoneka kuti ndi chimodzi mwa mabBB omwe ali ochepa kwambiri.
Zotsatira:
Gils, M. ndi Saunders, R. "Mwachidziwitso kuchepetsa ma antibodies against HIV-1: Zitsanzo za katemera." Virology. January 5, 2013; 435 (1): 46-56.
Corti, D. ndi Lanzavecchia, A. "Kuteteza Antiviral Antibodies." Kupenda Pachaka za Immunology. January 16, 2013; 31: 705-742.
National Institutes of Health (NIH). "NIH Asayansi, Mapu Othandizira Othandizira Njira Yopatsira Katemera wa HIV: Co-Evolution ya HIV ndi Strong Antibody Response Charted for First Time." Bethesda, Maryland; Zolankhulidwe zofalitsa zatulutsidwa pa April 3, 2013.
Rosenberg, Y .; Sack, M .; Montefiori, D .; et al. "Kupanga Mwamba Kwambiri Kwambiri Kachilombo ka HIV Kowonongeka Kwambiri Matenda Achimake Okhazikika M'malo Otsitsirako Mbewu Zambiri." PLOS | Mmodzi . March 22, 2013; DOI: 10.1371 / magazini.pone.0058724.
Huang, J .; Kang, B ;; Ishida, E .; et al. "Kuzindikiritsa CD4-Binding Site Antibody kwa HIV yomwe Inayambitsa Near-Pan Neutralization Mkate." Chitetezo chokwanira. November 15, 2016; 45 (5): 1108-1121; DOI: 10.1016 / j.immuni.2016.10.027.