HIV Imayesedwa ndi Kugawa ndi Matenda Kuwonjezeka
Zaka zitatu pambuyo poyamba kudwala koyamba ku Edzi ku America, asayansi atatu, Robert Gallo , Luc Montagnier, ndi Francoise Barre-Sinoussi , adapeza kachilombo komwe kanayambitsa matenda osadziwika a chitetezo cha mthupi, HIV.
Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, anapeza vuto latsopano mwa munthu wokhala ku Africa, omwe ali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kusiyana ndi omwe ali kutali ku Ulaya ndi kumpoto kwa America.
Chifukwa chake, kachilombo koyambirira kanatchedwa HIV-1 pamene vuto latsopano linkatchedwa HIV-2 .
Mu biology, vuto ndi chabe kusiyana kwa chibadwa cha thupi limene limapangitsa kukhala lapadera kwambiri. Zomwe zikhoza kukhalapo koma zimakhala zamoyo zokha. Kuchuluka kwa anthu, kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo kochepa ka HIV ndi zosiyana zosiyana koma zosiyana.
Kodi kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala bwanji?
Ngakhale kuti maina awo amasiyana, kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV amagawana zotsatirazi:
- Njira zofalitsira ndizofanana (kugonana, kukhudzana ndi magazi, kupatsirana kwa mayi ndi mwana ).
- Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda omwe ali ndi HIV.
- HIV-1 ndi kachilombo ka HIV zimapatsidwa mankhwala omwe ali ndi HIV .
- Kuyeza kwa CD4 komweko kungagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira chitukuko cha HIV-1 ndi HIV-2.
Kodi kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV kamasiyana motani?
Palinso kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachirombo ka HIV pakati pawo:
- HIV-2 imawoneka kuti ndi yochepa , yomwe imateteza chitetezo cha mthupi pang'onopang'ono kusiyana ndi HIV-1.
- Anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda poyerekeza ndi omwe ali ndi HIV.
- Komabe, HIV-2 imawoneka kuti ikuwopsa kwambiri pakapita nthawi matenda a CD4 atakhala pansi pa maselo 200 / mL.
HIV-2 imakakamizidwa ku mbali zina za dziko poyerekeza ndi HIV-1 (ngakhale kuti mayiko apadziko lonse alola kuti kufalikira kwa dziko lonse kuwonjezeke)
Mayeso a ma ARV omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa HIV-1 si odalirika kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
- Mankhwala ena ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV akhoza kugwira ntchito mochepa kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ngakhale kuti izi zikugwirizana kwambiri ndi mankhwala obadwa msinkhu kusiyana ndi atsopano.
Kodi padziko lapansi muli kachilombo ka HIV kawiri?
HIV-2 yakhudzidwa kwambiri ku West Africa mayiko monga Senegal, Nigeria, Ghana, ndi Ivory Coast. M'mbuyomu, zochitika zochepa zakhala zikudziwika kunja kwa malowa, koma ziwerengerozi zikusintha mwamsanga, makamaka m'mayiko omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV-2 omwe amadziwika ndi oyendayenda padziko lonse kapena omwe ali ndi chiwerengero chokwanira cha anthu ochokera m'mayiko omwe ali ndi HIV / 2.
Komanso, mkati mwa onsewa HIV ndi 1 ndi kachilombo ka HIV ndi magulu angapo, subtypes ("clades"), ndi sub-subtypes , zomwe zimapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwonjezere. Ndizosiyana siyana zomwe zimapangitsa HIV kukhala "cholinga chenicheni" kwa ochita kafukufuku amene akuyesetsa kuti apange katemera wodzitetezera zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa.
Pakalipano pali magulu asanu ndi atatu a HIV-2, ngakhale kuti gawo limodzi A ndi B zili ngati mliri.
Zikuoneka kuti kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yochokera ku mtundu wa SIV womwe umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi anthu amodzi.
Gulu la HIV-2 limapezeka ku West Africa, ngakhale kuti maulendo apadziko lonse athandizidwa ndi zochitika zochepa zolembedwera ku US, Europe, Brazil ndi India. Mosiyana ndi izi, gulu la HIV-2 la B likutsekedwa kumadera a West Africa.
Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, HIV-1 ili ndi magulu anayi ndi ambiri omwe amapezeka m'madera osiyanasiyana ndi gulu losiyana, kuphatikizapo amuna omwe amagonana ndi amuna komanso ogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo .
Mawu Ochokera
M'mbuyomu, kupezeka kwa kuyesa kwa HIV-2 kunali kochepa ndipo kungapezeke ndi pempho lapadera.
Komabe, zaka zaposachedwapa, mayesero osakanikirana atsopano (kuphatikizapo Alere Determine Combo ) adatulutsidwa kumsika, osakhoza kuyesa kokha kachilombo ka HIV ndi kachilombo ka HIV koma kachilombo ka HIV ndi ma antigen.
Kaya mumayesa kukhala ndi kachilombo ka HIV-1 ndi kachilombo ka HIV, nkofunika kuti nthawi zonse mupeze katswiri wothandizira kachirombo ka HIV yemwe angathe kuthandizira kuti apeze chithandizo chotani kuti athe kuchiza matenda anu. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi kuyesedwa kwa magazi zomwe zingathe kudziwa momwe zimakhalire ndi kachilombo ka HIV, komanso kuti mudziwe ma antigen omwe ali ndi HIV kapena 1.
Mayeserowa adzalongosola kusintha kwasintha komwe kumapangitsa kuti mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito mowa mankhwala asatengedwe. Popatula mankhwala osagwira ntchito ndi kusunga omwe amachita, mutha kukhala otsimikiza kuti zotsatira zake zothandizidwa ndi mankhwala onse ndizochitika bwanji.
> Zosowa;
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