Chidule cha HIV Kuchiza
Sitikukayikira kuti mankhwala omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV apita patsogolo kwambiri zaka 10 zapitazi. Izi ndizoona poyerekeza ndi okalamba achikulire omwe anali ndi chiwopsezo cha poizoni ndipo anali ozoloŵera kukula kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Chimene ena sangazindikire n'chakuti sayansi yabwera kuchokera chaka cha 1996, pamene mankhwala oyamba mankhwala atatu oyambirira anasintha kwambiri mliriwu.
Zaka zisanafike chaka cha 1996, chiwerengero cha moyo wa mwana wamwamuna wazaka 20 ku America chinali zaka 17 zokha. Masiku ano, mankhwala ochiritsira atsopano amatha kupeza ndalama zofanana ndi za anthu ambiri pomwe adzitamandira zochepa zowononga mankhwala ndipo amapereka ma pulogalamu yosavuta ngati piritsi limodzi patsiku.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti zikupita patsogolo, anthu osakwana theka la America akuchiritsidwa amatha kukwanitsa zolinga za mankhwalawa, makamaka chifukwa cholephera kutsutsana kapena kusokoneza mwadzidzidzi.
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Kodi Zida Zogwiritsira Ntchito Mankhwala Ndi Zotsatira Zachilombo ka HIV?
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Malangizo 4 Omwe Mungapangitse Kuti Mankhwala Anu a Edzi Akhale Opindulitsa
Zambiri zokhudzana ndizomwe zili choncho kuti, anthu a ku America mamiliyoni 1.2 omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV lero, kulikonse pakati pa 20 ndi 25 peresenti sapezeka.
Pamapeto pake, chithandizo cha kachilombo ka HIV ndizoposa mankhwala okhaokha. Ndikumvetsetsa momwe mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito ndi kuzindikira zomwe muyenera kuchita ngati munthu kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zabwino, kaya mwatenga kachilomboka kapena mutangoyambiranso.
Kodi mankhwala ochepetsa HIV / AIDS ndi otani?
HIV imayikidwa ngati retrovirus , kutanthauza kuti imatsindika momwe ma ARV ena amachitira. M'malo molemba ma genetic code kuchokera ku DNA kupita ku RNA monga zamoyo zambiri, kachirombo ka HIV kamatulutsa kachidindo ka RNA kupita ku DNA.
Pozindikira njira zomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamasinthira, asayansi amapanga mankhwala omwe amatha kusokoneza magawo enieni m'moyo wa HIV. Mankhwalawa, omwe timawatcha kuti ma antiretroviral , amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamagulu ochiritsira kuti athetse kupatsirana kwa vutolo mpaka pamene akuwoneka kuti sakuwoneka.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amathandiza kwambiri, sayenera kuthetseratu kachilomboka koma m'malo mwake amalephera kuthetsa vutoli. Pochita zimenezi, chitetezo cha mthupi chimakhalabe cholimba ndipo chimatha kulimbana ndi matenda (omwe amadziwika ngati matenda opatsirana ) omwe angabwere ngati chitetezo cha mthupi chitasokonezeka.
Kodi Antiretroviral Amagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Thandizo la antiretroviral limagwira ntchito poletsa HIV kusabwereza pazigawo zofunikira pamoyo wake , kutanthauza kuti:
- Zowonjezera-siteji yomwe HIV imadzigwirizanitsa ndi selo yothandizira
- Kusakanikirana-siteji yomwe kachilombo ka HIV kamapangidwira kumagulu a maselo ndikuyika ma genetic yake mu selo yolandiridwa
- Kusinthira kusinthasintha-siteji yomwe kachilombo ka RNA kamasulidwa ku DNA
- Kuphatikizana-siteji yomwe DNA ya HIV imaphatikizidwira mu nucleus yolumikiza selo (pogwiritsa ntchito enzyme integrase), kugonjetsa mosamala ma genetic
- Kusindikizira-siteji pamene kachilombo ka HIV kamagwiritsa ntchito makinawo kuti apange makina atsopano a mavairasi
- Msonkhano-siteji yomwe kachilombo kakang'ono kamasonkhana ndikusunthira pamwamba pa selo yolandiridwa
- Kukula ndi kusasitsa-siteji yomwe kachilombo kamene kamangobera kuchokera ku selo yolandiridwa pogwiritsira ntchito protease enzyme kupanga kachilombo kokwanira
Pogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo (omwe amaletsa magawo awiri kapena awiri ozungulira moyo), kuthekera kwa kachirombo ka HIV kumayimitsa konse, ndi mavairasi ochepa chabe omwe amatha kuthawa ndi kufalitsa momasuka m'magazi.
Maphunziro a Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Panopa pali magulu asanu a mankhwala opatsirana pogonana, omwe amagawidwa ndi siteji ya moyo wawo amaletsa:
- Fusion inhibitors
- Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- Integrase inhibitors
- Protease inhibitors
Pa magulu asanuwa, pali mankhwala ochepetsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda okwana 39 omwe amavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration, kuphatikizapo 12 kuphatikizapo mankhwala osokoneza bongo (FDC) omwe ali ndi mankhwala awiri kapena kuposa.
Chifukwa Chimene Mankhwala Ophatikiza Akugwira Ntchito
HIV imapangidwa ndi mtundu wambiri wa tizilombo (wotchedwa "mtundu wamtundu") komanso mawonekedwe ambiri a mavairasi , omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana siyana. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthetsa mitundu yambiriyi monga momwe zingathekere kuti munthu asatengeke kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV .
Pakagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi, mankhwala opatsirana pogonana amagwira ntchito ngati "timu ya timagetsi". Ngati mankhwala A, mwachitsanzo, sangathe kupondereza chosiyana mwa kuponderezera siteji, ndiye kuti mankhwala a B ndi C angathe kumaliza ntchitoyo poyambitsa masewero ena.
Kuyezetsa magazi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madokotala kuti athandize kuzindikira mitundu ndi madigiri a kusintha kwa thupi kumene kuli m'thupi lanu. Malinga ndi zotsatira za mayesero, chithandizo chingathe kukhazikitsidwa kotero kuti mankhwala omwe amalembedwa sangakhudze kotheratu kotheratu koyambitsa matenda a viral komanso amathetsanso kusintha kwa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala omwe angakhalepo mkati mwa chiwerengero cha tizilombo.
Nthawi Yoyambitsa Matenda a Antiretroviral
Mu May 2014, Dipatimenti ya Umoyo wa Anthu ku United States (DHHS) inanena za njira zothandizira anthu omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV.
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Momwe Zimalonjezera Zomwe Zingakhazikitsire Zingakhalire Mtsinje Wotsatizana Kupewa Kachilombo ka HIV
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Daklinza (daclatasvir) Chiwindi cha matenda a Hepatitis C
M'mbuyomu, mankhwala adalimbikitsidwa pamene CD4 ya munthu inatsika pansi pa chilolezo cha maselo 500 / mL.
Chigamulo cha DHHS chinali kutsimikiziridwa ndi umboni wakuti mankhwala oyambirira akugwirizana ndi zotsatira zabwino, monga:
- Kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha matenda okhudzana ndi kachirombo ka HIV
- Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga HIV kuchokera kwa mayi kupita kwa mwana
- Kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga HIV
Malangizo omalizawa akuthandizidwa ndi umboni wakuti mankhwala ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV amachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo cha munthu amene ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, njira yotchedwa Treatment as Prevention (kapena TasP) . Izi zasonyezedwanso kuti anthu omwe apatsidwa chithandizo choyambitsa matendawa ndi 53 peresenti yochepetsera matenda , onse omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV komanso omwe alibe HIV.
Mosiyana ndi izi, kupatsirana mankhwala mpaka kachilombo ka CD4 kamene kamakhala pansi pa 200 (siteji ya matenda omwe amadziwika kuti ndi Edzi ) kungachepetse moyo wa munthuyo kwa zaka pafupifupi 15.
Kodi Ndiyenera Kuyamba Ndi Mankhwala Otani?
Ngakhale njira zothandizira mankhwala zidzasintha nthawi zonse ndikumasulidwa ndi mankhwala atsopano kapena za sayansi, sayansi yamakono imalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mibadwo yatsopano integrase inhibitors ndi nucleoside analogues mu mankhwala oyamba.
Cholinga cha mankhwala oyambirira ndi kupereka mankhwala omwe angapereke ndondomeko yosavuta kwambiri, zotsatira zochepa kwambiri, komanso chiopsezo chachikulu chokula kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Masiku ano, mankhwala ambiri omwe ali ndi mankhwalawa amapezeka piritsi imodzi, kamodzi kokha, kamene kangapangitse kwambiri kuti munthu athe kukhalabe ndi chidziwitso chothandizira kuchipatala.
Izi ndi zofunika makamaka pamene kafukufukuyu akusonyeza kuti anthu odwala ayenera kukhala oposa 90 peresenti kuti athe kukwaniritsa zolinga za mankhwalawa.
Phunzirani zambiri za maulendo omwe akutsatiridwa ndi a Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumuna ku United States kwa akuluakulu omwe ali ndi HIV.
Kodi Chimachitika Ngati Chithandizo Chakulephera?
Ngati mutengedwako, mankhwala anu ochepetsa kachilombo ka HIV ayenera kukhala ogwira ntchito kwa zaka zisanu, khumi kapena khumi ndi ziwiri. Izi zikhoza kusiyana ndi munthu wina, ndithudi, malingana ndi mitundu ya kachilombo kamodzi kamene kali ndi kachilombo ka HIV. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri kuyankhula, nthawi ya chithandizo chamagetsi imakhudzana mwachindunji ndi mlingo wa kumamatira munthu amatha kukwaniritsa.
Kulephera kusunga mavairasi kumathandiza kuti kachilombo kameneko kasinthire mwaulere, ndikupereka kusintha kwa mankhwala osagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala kuti akhale okhwima komanso kukhala osiyana kwambiri . Izi zikachitika, chithandizo chidzakhala chochepa kwambiri ndipo pamapeto pake chidzasiya kugwira ntchito. Izi zimadziwika ngati kulephera kwa mankhwala .
Panthawiyi, madokotala adzafunika kuyesa kuyesa kugonjetsedwa kwa majini kuti adziwe momwe mankhwalawa amathandizira. Nthawi zina, kukana kungakhudze mankhwala amodzi kapena awiri okha; mwa ena, makalasi onse angapangidwe kukhala opanda ntchito. Chithandizochi chidzafunika kuti chikonzedwenso kuti chigonjetse bwino nkhanizi poyang'anitsitsa zolepheretsa kutsata zomwe zingachititse kuti kulephera kwa mankhwala kukhale koyamba.
Phunzirani zambiri za malingaliro ndi ndondomeko zokhala ndi chidziwitso chabwino kwa HIV.
Chifukwa chiyani Matenda a Antiretroviral samachiza HIV?
Ngakhale kuti ma antiretroviral amatha kuthetsa kupatsirana kwa mavairasi, makamaka amachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizitha kuyenda mosavuta.
Mu mavairasi, kachilombo ka HIV, kamene kamatchedwa provirus , kamatha kudziphatika m'maselo ndi matenda a thupi lomwe amadziwika kuti malo osungira . M'malo mofotokozera ndi kutulukira maselo omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, HIV imagawaniza ndikugwirizanitsa pamodzi ndi selo yolandiridwa, osadziwika ndi chitetezo cha mthupi. Zingathe kukhalabe m'dzikoli kwa zaka zambiri, ngakhale zaka zambiri, kuti zikhazikitsenso pamene mankhwala akuyimitsidwa kapena akutsimikizirika kuti satha.
Mpaka asayansi atha "kukankha" kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa kuchokera m'mabotolo obisika, kuthekera kwa aliyense wothandizira kuthetseratu kachilombo ka HIV sikungatheke, ngati kosatheka.
Zotsatira:
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumunthu (DHHS). " Malangizo othandizira kugwiritsa ntchito antiretroviral Agents ku HIV-1-Akuluakulu Okhudzidwa ndi Achinyamata." Rockville, Maryland; zasinthidwa pa July 14, 2016.
Hogg, R .; Althoff, K .; Samji, H ;; et al. "Kutsegula kusiyana: Kuwonjezeka kwa chiyembekezo cha moyo pakati pa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV ku United States ndi Canada, 2000-2007." 7th International AIDS Society (IAS) Msonkhano wa Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. June 30-July 3, 2013; Mfundo TUPE260.
Skarbinski, J ;; Furlow-Parmley, C ;; ndi Frazie, E. "Woimira Padziko Lonse Akuwerengera Chiwerengero cha Akuluakulu a HIV + Achikulire Amene Analandira Chithandizo Chamankhwala, Anapatsidwa ART, ndipo Anakwaniritsa Kugonjetsa Kwachilombo ka HIV - 2009, mpaka 2010-US." Msonkhano wa 19 wa Retroviruses ndi Matenda Osakanikirana (CROI); Seattle, Washington; March 8, 2013; ndemanga yomveka # 138.
Kitahata, M .; Gange, S .; Abraham, A., et al. "Zotsatira za mankhwala oyambitsidwa ndi kachilombo ka HIV poyambirira ndi omwe amalembedwa kuti apulumuke." New England Journal of Medicine. April 30, 2009; 360 (18): 1815-1826.
Sax, P .; Meyers, J ;; Mugavero, M., et al. "Kuvomereza Antiretroviral Treatment and Correlation ndi Kowopsa kwa Chipatala pakati pa Odwala Pachilombo cha HIV ku United States." Tenth International Congress pa Zamankhwala Osokoneza Bongo mu HIV. November 8, 2010; Glasgow; Kufotokozera Mlomo # 0113.