Kupewa HIV kwasintha kwambiri zaka khumi zapitazo. Sitinaganizire kondomu kapena kudziletsa njira zazikulu zotetezera kachirombo ka HIV. Lero pali njira zambiri zomwe zingagwirane ntchito pothandizira kuchepetsa chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo koyambitsa matendawa.
Mmodzi wa awa wakhala akubwera kwa pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) , piritsi kamodzi patsiku lomwe lingachepetse chiopsezo cha HIV ndi pafupifupi 92 peresenti.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wokondedwa wa HIV pa mankhwala opatsirana pogonana , chiopsezo chingayambe kupitirira-kupitirira 99 peresenti mwazoyesa zina.
Komabe, ngakhale kuti zatsimikiziridwa kuti zakhala zotsimikizirika, zimakhalabe zovuta kwambiri pakugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa PrEP. Kuphatikiza pa ntchito yakugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo tsiku ndi tsiku, sitinadziwebe kuti kulimbikira kotani kuti tipeze phindu lathunthu lotetezera. Kafukufuku wina wasonyeza kuti abambo amodzi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amafunika mlingo umodzi kapena atatu pa sabata, pamene amayi angafunike kuti azitsatira mwatsatanetsatane kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zofanana.
Kupanga chida, chotero, chomwe chingapereke chitetezo cha nthawi zonse chimaonedwa ngati chofunikira kwambiri pakati pa asayansi ndi ogwira ntchito zaumoyo chimodzimodzi.
Mu January 2017, Foundation ya Bill ndi Melinda Gates inalembetsa ndalama zokwana madola 50 miliyoni ku Intarcia Therapeutics, bizinesi ya Boston-based biopharmaceutical, kuti ipangire chipangizo chomwe chingapangidwe pansi pa khungu kuti chiteteze kachilombo ka HIV nthawi yomweyo.
Ndalamayi imapangitsa kuti ziwonongeke zowonjezereka zikuyenda bwino, pamodzi ndi mankhwala ena omwe akuchitidwa kale omwe akuwonekeratu kuti azitha kupewa ndi kuchiza HIV.
Momwe Kukhazikitsa Kwadongosolo Kungagwire Ntchito
Chipangizo cha Intarcia sichinali choyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamakono zothandizira mankhwala opatsirana.
Zomwe zimayambitsa kulera , pafupifupi kukula kwake, zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1983 pofuna kuteteza mimba kwa amayi, ndi zipangizo zatsopano zomwe zingathe kupereka zaka zitatu za chitetezo chopitirira.
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mofananazi zafufuzidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu mtundu wa shuga 2, matenda a kansa, mankhwala a chifuwa chachikulu, komanso matenda a schizophrenic.
M'munda wa HIV, imodzi mwa mapulogalamu oyambirira omwe anagwiritsidwa ntchito poyambitsa matenda a HIV inakhazikitsidwa ndi Oak Crest Institute of Science ya Pasadena. Kafukufuku wakale wa zinyama akuwonetsa kuti chipangizo chawo, pamene chidaikidwa pansi pa khungu la nsonga, chinatha kupereka tenofovir alafenamide (TAF) nthawi zonse kwa masiku 40 popanda zotsatira zoyipa.
Kafukufuku akupitiriza kufalikira pa zotsatira, ndi cholinga chopanga chipangizo chokhoza kupereka chithandizo chokwanira cha mtsinje kwa miyezi 12.
Ngakhale njira yofananayo, njira ya Intarcia (yotchedwa ITCA 650) imapanga dongosolo lapadera la "mini-pampu" lomwe limakhazikitsa batala kwa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Madzi ochokera ku madzi oundana amchere amatha kumapeto kwa chipangizochi kudzera mu memphane, yomwe imatulutsa komanso imatulutsa piston ya osmotic. The ITCA 650 ikuwoneka kuti ikupita patsogolo pa zipangizo zam'mbuyomu ndipo zakhala zikukwaniritsa zotsatira zowononga matenda a shuga.
Ngati zotsatira zofanana zimapezeka mu HIV, chipangizochi chikhoza kuvomerezedwa mkati mwa zaka zingapo. Ngakhale kuti Intarcia sanagwiritse ntchito mankhwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, amaganiza kuti Truvada (amene amalingalira kale kuti ali pamlomo wa PrEP) ayenera kukhala woyenera kupatsidwa kuti chilolezo chake chidzatha mu 2018.
Chifukwa chiyani Kuika Zowonongeka Ndikofunika Kwambiri?
Ngakhale anthu ambiri atenga PrEP pamlomo amatha kusunga kwambiri, magwiritsidwe ntchito pakati pa magulu akuluakulu omwe amatha kukhala oopsa akhoza kusiyana kwambiri. Malingana ndi kafukufuku amene anapezeka pa Msonkhano wa 21 wa Edzi ku Durban, anthu omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu chotenga kachilombo ka HIV kawirikawiri ndi omwe amatenga PrEP.
Izi zikuphatikizapo African American, omwe amaimira 44 peresenti ya matenda atsopano pachaka koma khumi peresenti ya zolemba za PrEP.
Ngakhale mtengo wamtengo wapatali umakhudza kusiyana kumeneku, kunyalanyaza ndi kufotokoza kumaperekanso, makamaka pakati pa amuna ammayi ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha a ku America omwe ali ndi chiwerengero cha 50 peresenti ya moyo wa HIV . Kwa ena mwa amunawa, mtundu wina uliwonse wa kachilombo ka HIV (ngakhale mankhwala opatsirana) ndi wofanana ndi chidziwitso cha kugonana kwawo.
Popeza izi zenizeni, kodi chitetezo chosaoneka chosaoneka chitha kuthetsa manthawa?
Ndi funso loyang'aniridwa ndi akuluakulu a zaumoyo padziko lonse, omwe akhala akuyesetsa kwambiri kuteteza kachirombo ka HIV m'madera omwe ali pachiopsezo, makamaka amayi ndi atsikana omwe alibe mphamvu. Komabe, zambiri mwazinthu zomwe akufuna, ngakhale zogwiritsa ntchito pamapepala, mwina zatha kapena zagwa zochepa. Mwa iwo:
- Mayesero a VOICE ndi FEM-PrEP, maphunziro awiri oyambirira a PrEP omwe alephera kuteteza matenda m'magulu a amayi a ku Africa, makamaka chifukwa chogwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa.
- Mayesero a ASPIRE ndi RING, omwe amapereka mphete zapadera kwa amayi opitirira 5,000 a ku Africa. Pazochitika zonsezi, zipangizozi zinapangitsidwa kuchepetsa kuchepa kwa chiopsezo cha HIV (27 peresenti ndi 37 peresenti). Komanso, omwe ali pachiopsezo chachikulu (zaka zapakati pa 18 ndi 24) analibe chopindulitsa chilichonse.
Zotsutsana ndi izi zikusonyeza kuti malonjezowo amasonyeza lonjezo lalikulu kwambiri. Osati kokha kuti athe kupangidwa pamtengo wotsika kusiyana ndi mankhwala ochiritsira, amalola amayi ndi ena kuti adziteteze okha popanda kuzindikira. Ndipo mosiyana ndi mphete zamkati ndi zina zotengera microbicidal , sangathe kuzigwiritsa ntchito molakwika kapena mosavuta. (Imodzi mwa zofooka zokha zikhoza kukhala kuti njira yowonjezera iyenera kuchitidwa pansi pa kupweteka kwa mankhwala kumderalo.)
Ngakhale kuti zikhoza kukhala zaka zambiri zisanachitike kuti chipangizochi chivomerezedwe kuchipatala kapena kupewa HIV, kufufuza koyambirira kukupitirizabe kulonjeza. Kuti izi zitheke, Gates Foundation inalonjeza ndalama zokwanira madola 90 miliyoni mu ndalama zopambana kwambiri kuti zitsimikizo zowonjezera kuti malonjezano a kachilombo ka HIV apitirire.
> Zotsatira:
Bancroft, a. "Intarcia imalandira $ 140m Gate Foundation Grant yopanda tizilombo HIV Tech." Mu-Pharma Technologist. Lofalitsidwa pa January 4, 2017.
> Montanya, J. "Handbook of Incretin-Based Therapies mu mtundu wa shuga lachiwiri." June 8, 2016; Chithunzi; pp. 77-92.
> Du Toit, L .; Pillay, V .; ndi Danckwerts, M. "Tuberculosis Chemotherapy: njira zamakono zoperekera mankhwala." Kuyankha. Res. September 2006; 7 (1): 118.
> Gunawardana, M .; Remedios-Chan, M .; Miller, C ;; et al. "Pharmacokinetics ya Tenofovir Alafenamide (GS-7340) Zomwe Zidzakhala Zosakaniza za HIV Prophylaxis." Antimicrobial Agents ndi Chemotherapy. April 15, 2015; 4 (2): 186-190.