Isentress (ratelgravir) ndi mankhwala oteteza antiretroviral integrase inhibitor omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza HIV . Isentress inali yoyamba integrase inhibitor kuti idalandike ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
Mu October 2007, adapatsidwa chilolezo kwa anthu akuluakulu omwe ankatsutsa mankhwala ena opatsirana pogonana . Koma pofika mwezi wa Julayi 2009, ndipo kenako mu December 2011, a FDA adaonjezera chiwonetsero chake, kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito kwa onse akuluakulu omwe ali ndi HIV, komanso ana a zaka zapakati pa 2-18.
Isentress ndi imodzi mwa mankhwala omwe tsopano akulimbikitsidwa ngati zosankha zoyenera kutsogolo kwa HIV mankhwala ku US
Mapangidwe
Isentress ikupezeka muzinthu zinayi zosiyana:
- Kwa akuluakulu ndi ana akuluakulu, Isentress imapezeka ngati piritsi yophimba mafilimu 400mg, oval in shape ndi pinki-lalanje mtundu. Chiwerengero cha "207" chili ndi mbali imodzi.
- Kwa ana omwe sangathe kutenga mapiritsi, Isentress imapezeka ngati 100mg yosakanizidwa (oval, beige, embossed mbali imodzi ndi "477," yomwe inagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti igawidwe) kapena 25mg yosakanikirana (yotumbululuka chikasu, chozungulira, mbali imodzi ndi "473 "). Zonsezi ndizolalanje.
- Kwa ana ang'onoang'ono omwe sangathe kutenga zovuta, Isentress imapezeka phukusi limodzi, 100mg kuyimitsidwa. Kuyimitsa pamlomo kumaphatikizana ndi madzi okwana 5mL ndipo kumaperekedwa ndi sitiroko ya m'kamwa. Kamodzi kosakaniza, kukonzekera pakamwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa mphindi 30, ndi zina zotsala zimatayidwa pomwepo. Kuyimitsa ndi kusakanikirana ndi nthochi.
Musalowe m'malo mwa Isentress chewables kapena kuimitsa mawu kwa mapiritsi a Isentress omwe amawotcha mafilimu monga momwe malembawo salilioequivalent. Gwiritsani ntchito monga momwe adayankhulira (onani Zomwe zili pansipa).
Mlingo
Isentress 400mg, mapiritsi ophimbidwa ndi mafilimu ayenera kuuzidwa kwa akuluakulu komanso ana okalamba omwe angathe kumeza mapiritsi motere:
- Akuluakulu: piritsi imodzi ya 400mg, yotengedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse
- Ana kapena achinyamata akulemera makilogalamu 55 (25kg) kapena kuposa: tepi imodzi ya 400mg, yotengedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse
Mapiritsi otchedwa Isentress amatha kutchulidwa kwa ana omwe amalemera makilogalamu 20 kapena kuposa omwe sangathe kumeza mapiritsi motere:
- Ndili makilogalamu makumi awiri (20kg) osakwana makilogalamu 28kg: 150mg kawiri pa tsiku
- Masentimita 28kg kupitirira makilogalamu 40kg: 200mg kawiri pa tsiku
- Makilogalamu oposa 40kg: 300mg kawiri pa tsiku
Mankhwala a Isentress kapena mapiritsi oyenera ayenera kuuzidwa kwa ana omwe amalemera makilogalamu 3kg kupitirira mapaundi 25kg, motere:
- Masentimita 3kg osakwana makilogalamu 4: 1mL (20mg) okonzedwa mwamwayi atengedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse
- Ndili mamita 4kg kupitirira makilogalamu 6kg: 1.5mL (30mg) okonzedwa mwamwasa atengedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse
- Amakilogalamu asanu ndi limodzi (8kg): 2mL (40mg) okonzedwanso kamvekedwe kawiri katatu tsiku ndi tsiku
- Ndili mamita 8kg kufika pa makilogalamu 11kg: 3mL (60mg) yokonzedwanso kamvedwe kawiri katatu tsiku ndi tsiku
- Masentimita 11kg kupitirira makilogalamu 14kg: 4mL (80kg) okonzedwa mwamwayi atengedwa katatu tsiku lililonse OR 75mg mapiritsi osakanizidwa otengedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse
- Masentimita 14kg kupitirira makilogalamu 20 (5kL): 5mL (100kg) okonzedwa mwamwayi atengedwa katatu tsiku lililonse OR 100mg mapiritsi osakanizidwa otengedwa kawiri tsiku lililonse
Ulamuliro wa Mankhwala
Isentress ingatengedwe kapena popanda chakudya. Isentress sizingathetsedwe zokha ndipo iyenera kulamulidwa ngati gawo limodzi la mankhwala ochepetsa antiretroviral (MAP) .
Zotsatira Zogwirizana
Zotsatira zowonongeka kwambiri (zomwe zimachitika pa 2% kapena zochepa) zimakhala:
- Kusagona
- Mutu
- Chizungulire
- Nausea
- Kutopa
Contraindications
Palibe
Kuyanjana kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo
Chonde dalitsani dokotala ngati mutenga mankhwala aliwonsewa ngati sakuvomerezedwa kuti agwirizanitse ndi Isentress ndipo akhoza kusokoneza chidziwitso cha mankhwala:
- Mankhwala a Rifampin: Rifadan, Rifater, Rifamate, Rimactane
- Mavitamini otchedwa aluminium kapena magnesium (monga, Tums, Milk of Magnesia, etc.)
Mfundo
Odwala omwe amatha kusokonezeka atayamba Isentress ayenera kuonana ndi adokotala nthawi yomweyo. Chithandizo chiyenera kuimidwa ndipo chithandizo chamankhwala chikafunidwa ngati kuthamanga kumatsagana ndi malungo, minofu kapena ululu wothandizira, zilonda zamtundu kapena zilonda, kufiira kapena kutupa kwa maso, kutupa kwa nkhope kapena pakamwa, kapena mavuto opuma. Odwala omwe kale anali ndi maganizo opatsirana ndi Isentress sayenera kuyambanso kutsutsidwa ndi mankhwala pambuyo pa kuthetsa zizindikiro.
Maphunziro a zinyama sanasonyeze kuti ali ndi ubongo kapena feteleza pamene ali ndi pakati pa mbewa kapena akalulu omwe amapezeka ku Isentress. Komabe, zotsatira za Isentress pa ana omwe ali ndi makanda sizinakhazikitsidwe, ndipo, chifukwa chake, kuyamwitsa sikuvomerezedwa kwa amayi omwe amatenga Isentress.
Zotsatira:
Dipatimenti ya Zaumoyo ndi Zaumunthu (DHHS). "Malangizo othandizira kugwiritsira ntchito ma antiretroviral mu HIV-1-Akuluakulu Okhudzidwa ndi Achinyamata." Rockville, Maryland.
FDA. "FDA ikukulitsa Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo a HIV kwa ana ndi achinyamata." Silver Spring, Maryland; December 21, 2011.
Reuters. "UPDATE 2-FDA OKs Kugwiritsa Ntchito Merck's Isentress kachilombo ka HIV." July 9, 2009.
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "Kuvomerezeka kwa Mankhwala Osokoneza Bongo - Dzina la Mankhwala: Isentress (ratelgravir) Mapiritsi 400mg." Silver Spring, Maryland; October 12, 2007.