Truvada ndi mapiritsi osakwatira, osakaniza mankhwala osokoneza bongo omwe ali ndi ma antiretroviral awiri, tenofovir ndi emtricitabine, omwe amadziwika kuti nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Zida ziwirizi zimagulitsidwa pokhapokha ngati Viread (tenofovir) ndi Emtriva (emtricitabine, FTC).
Truvada inavomerezedwa ndi US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) mu August 2004 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito pochiza HIV , makamaka kwa akulu ndi ana oposa zaka 12 omwe amalemera makilogalamu 35 kapena kuposa.
Pambuyo pake Truvada anapatsidwa chigamulo cha FDA mu July 2012 kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito popewera kachilombo ka HIV kwa anthu omwe ali pangozi kwambiri mu njira yotchedwa pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) .
Kupanga
Pulogalamuyi yokhala ndi 300mg tenofovir diisopropyl fumarate ndi 200mg emtricitabine. Pulogalamu ya buluu, yofukiza ndi filimu yokutidwa ndi mbali imodzi ndi nambala "701" ndipo ina ndi dzina la wopanga "GILEAD."
Mlingo
- Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV: piritsi limodzi tsiku ndi tsiku, amamwa pamlomo kapena opanda chakudya.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito monga PrEP: piritsi imodzi tsiku ndi tsiku, yotengedwa pamlomo kapena popanda chakudya.
- Kwa odwala matenda a impso: impiritsi imodzi imatengedwa maola 48 alionse ngati chithunzi cha créinine chiri pakati pa 30-49mL / mphindi. Ngati pansi pa 30mL / mphindi kapena hemodialysis, musagwiritse ntchito .
Malangizo
Kwa odwala omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV, Truvada ayenera kuthandizidwa ndi othandizira ena a antiretroviral.
Pogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati PrEP, Truvada imachokera paokha ngati njira yothetsera HIV, yomwe imaphatikizapo makondomu komanso njira zina zogonana zogwiritsira ntchito.
Zotsatira Zogwirizana
Zotsatira zoyipa zomwe zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi ntchito ya Truvada (yomwe imachitika m'mabuku 5 kapena osachepera) imaphatikizapo:
- Nausea
- Kutsekula m'mimba
- Kutopa
- Sinusitis
- Mutu
- Chizungulire
- Kusokonezeka maganizo
- Rash
Contraindications
Monga lamulo, mlingo uliwonse wokhazikika wa mankhwala omwe ali ndi tenofovir, emtricitabine kapena lamivudine (mankhwala ena a NRTI ofanana ndi emtricitabine) sayenera kutengedwa ndi Truvada.
- Matenda opatsirana pogonana: Atripla (tenofovir + emtricitabine + efavirenz), Combivir (Retrovir + lamivudine), Complera (tenofovir + emtricitabine + rilpivirine), Emtriva (emtricitabine, FTC), Epivir (lamivudine, 3TC), Epzicom (abacavir + lamivudine) , Stribild (tenofovir + emtricitabine + elvitegravir + cobicistat), Triumeq (abacavir + lamivudine + dolutegravir), Trizivir (Retrovir + abacavir + lamivudine), Viread (tenofovir)
- Mankhwala a Hepatitis B: Hepsera (adefovir)
Kuyanjana
Langizani dokotala wanu ngati mutenga chimodzi mwa izi:
- Anticoagulants: Lixiana (edoxaban), Pradaxa (dabigatran)
- Mankhwala a kansa wamapapu osakhala aang'ono: Ofev / Vargatef (nintedanib)
Zotsatira za Chithandizo
Truvada iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwa odwala omwe ali ndi mbiri ya vuto la chibongo (impso). Nthawi zonse yesetsani kulandira chithandizo chamankhwala musanayambe chithandizo. Odwala omwe ali ndi chiopsezo chotaya matendawa, awonetseni kuti chilengedwe chimakhala chovomerezeka, serum phosphorous, mlungu wa m'madzi komanso mapuloteni a mkodzo pamene akuwunika.
Chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito Truvada ndi Videx HIV (didanosine). Ngakhale njira zosagwirizanirana sizidziwika, kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti co-administration akhoza kuwonjezera ndondomeko ya seva ya Videx ndi kuwonjezera mwayi wa zochitika zoipa (mwachitsanzo, pancreatic, neuropathy).
Ndikoyenera kuti Videx ichepetse kufika 250mg kwa odwala olemera makilogalamu 60 kapena kuposa.
Dongosolo lopezeka la anthu ndi zinyama limasonyeza kuti Truvada sawonjezera chiopsezo cha zolephereka kubadwa panthawi yoyembekezera . Komabe, chifukwa zotsatira za tenofovir ndi emtricitabine pa khanda sizikudziwika, amayi amalangizidwa kuti asamamwe mkaka ngati akutenga Truvada.
Zotsatira:
US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). "FDA imavomereza Mgwirizano Wosakaniza Madzi Awiri Mankhwala Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mankhwala Omwe Amachiza Chitetezo cha HIV-1." Silver Spring, Maryland; ndondomeko yofalitsa yomwe inatulutsidwa pa August 2, 2004.
FDA. "FDA imavomereza mankhwala oyamba pochepetsa chiopsezo chotenga HIV." Silver Spring, Maryland; ndondomeko yofalitsa yomwe inatulutsidwa pa July 16, 2012.