Matenda a West Nile amayamba ndi kachilombo koyambitsa udzudzu. Anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV alibe zizindikiro kapena matenda ochepa chabe. Komabe, m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, kachilombo ka West Nile kangayambitse matenda oopsa kwambiri (kutentha kwa msana) kapena encephalitis (kutupa kwa ubongo). Mavuto ameneŵa amachititsa kachilombo ka West Nile kukhala chifukwa chodetsa nkhaŵa padziko lonse lapansi.
Zizindikiro ndi Mavuto
Chiwopsezo cha West Nile
Anthu 60 mpaka 80 mwa anthu 100 alionse amene ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile alibe zizindikiro za matenda alionse. Pafupifupi 20 peresenti idzayamba kutchedwa West Nile fever.
Chiwindi cha West Nile ndi matenda omwe sali ochepa omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri ndi matenda ena ambiri. Zizindikiro nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo:
- malungo
- minofu aches
- mutu
- chikhure
- kunyoza ndi kusanza
- kutopa
- kuthamanga kwa khungu
Zizindikiro za mavairasi zambiri zimakhala zikuyenda mofulumira patangopita masiku ochepa chabe - "kuzizira kozizira" -ndipo anthu ambiri (ndi madokotala awo) sazindikira kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV Nile.
Maningitis / Encephalitis
Anthu ochepa omwe ali ndi kachilomboka, omwe amaganiza kuti ndi ocheperapo ndi 1 peresenti, matenda akuluakulu a ubongo angathe kuchitika. Anthu omwe amapanga meningitis a West Nile kapena encephalitis akhoza kuwona:
- chimfine kwambiri
- khosi louma
- kusokonezeka kapena chisokonezo
- Kufa ziwalo
- kugwidwa
- coma
West Nile meningitis kapena encephalitis akhoza kufa, ngakhale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala choopsa.
Ambiri amene amachiritsidwa amakhala ndi zizindikiro za thupi kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo, ndipo ena angasiyidwe ndi zofooka zosatha.
Matenda a ubongo ochokera kumadzulo a West Nile amapezeka kwambiri kwa anthu achikulire komanso anthu omwe ali ndi khansa. Pali umboni wina wakuti matenda opatsirana kwambiri, kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso, ndi matenda a shuga angayambitsenso matenda aakulu ndi kachilombo ka West Nile.
Momwe Vuto la West Nile Lifalikira
Vuto la West Nile ndi kachilombo ka RNA komwe kamapezeka padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North ndi South America. Ngakhale kuti kachilombo kawowo sikunali katsopano, kanali kofala kwambiri ku Africa ndi Middle East mpaka zaka makumi angapo zapitazo. Ndipo asayansi anayamba kugwirizanitsa ndi matenda aakulu a mitsempha m'zaka za m'ma 1990.
Magulu akuluakulu a kachilombo ka West Nile ndi mbalame. Madzudzu amachititsa kachilomboka ku mbalame kupita ku mbalame, zomwe zimalola kuti kachilombo kafalikire kawirikawiri. Pamene udzudzu wokhala ndi kachilombo kameneka "umaluma" munthu, kachilombo kamalowa m'magazi ndikuyambitsa matenda a HIV Nile. Vutoli lingathenso kufalikira kwa anthu omwe ali ndi kachilombo omwe amapereka magazi.
Kumwera kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, matenda opatsirana ndi kachilombo ka West Nile amawonekera kuchokera kumapeto kwa mwezi wa May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June mpaka September, pamene udzudzu ukugwira ntchito. Chiopsezo chotenga kachilomboka chimafika pofika kumapeto kwa chilimwe.
Ku United States, kachilombo ka West Nile kanali koyamba kuzindikiridwa mu 1999, ndi kuphulika kwakukulu kwa matenda ku New York City. Icho tsopano chazindikiritsidwa mu lirilonse la mayiko 48 ogwirizana. Kufikira 3000 matenda opatsirana pogwiritsa ntchito mavairasi ochokera kumadzulo a West Nile akhala akuwoneka chaka chilichonse ku United States m'zaka zaposachedwapa.
Chithandizo
Palibe mankhwala enieni a kachilombo ka West Nile, kotero mankhwalawa ndi "othandizira." Amene ali ndi chiwindi cha West Nile (omwe ambiri samaphunzira kuti ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile) amadzipangira okha ndi njira zowononga-mpumulo, madzimadzi, ndi analgesics-ndipo matenda awo amatsimikiza mu masiku angapo.
Kwa anthu omwe ali m'chipatala omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu ochokera ku West Nile, miyeso imatengedwa kuti asunge malungo ndi kusunga zizindikiro zofunika kuti zitheke. Ngakhale mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi mavitamini otchedwa immunoglobulin amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza matenda a West Nile kuchipatala, umboni weniweni ukusowapo kuti njira zoterezi zimathandizira kuchira.
Odwala omwe ali ndi matenda aakulu a ubongo wa West Nile, ngakhale ndi chithandizo chamankhwala choopsa, amadziwika kuti ndi 2 peresenti ndi meningitis ndi 12 peresenti ndi encephalitis.
Kupewa
Chifukwa palibe mankhwala abwino pa matendawa, kupewa ndi kofunika kwambiri.
Kupewa malo opatsirana ndi udzudzu, kuchotsa malo osungira madzi alionse omwe amapezeka ming'oma, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndizofunikira. Kuwonetsa magazi popereka kachilombo ka West Nile kwachepetsa kwambiri chiopsezo chotenga kachilombo ka magazi.
Katemera wodwala ku West Nile akukula. Ngakhale katemera wa mahatchi apatsidwa chilolezo kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ku United States, palibe katemera ogwiritsira ntchito anthu asanalowe mayesero a chipatala.
Mawu Ochokera
Vuto la West Nile ndi matenda opatsirana udzudzu omwe amapezeka kwambiri ku United States ndi padziko lapansi. Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri omwe ali ndi kachilombo ka West Nile ali ndi matenda ochepa ndipo amatha kuchira, omwe akudwala matenda opatsirana pogonana akhoza kudwala kwambiri, amakhala ndi chiopsezo cha imfa, ndipo amatha kuchira nthawi yaitali. Chifukwa palibe mankhwala enieni a kachilombo ka West Nile, kuteteza matenda ndikofunikira kwambiri.
> Zotsatira:
> Loeb M, Hanna S, Nicolle L, Et Al. Kutsegula Mitsempha Pambuyo Pachilombo cha HIV West Virus. Ann Intern Med 2008; 149: 232.
> Murray Ko, Garcia Mn, Rahbar Mh, Et Al. Kupulumuka, Kusintha kwa Nthawi Zakale, Ndi Peresenti ya Kubwezeretsa Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu (Post-Infection) Pakati pa Cohort ya Virus ya Houston West Nile. Plos One 2014; 9: E102953.
> O'leary Dr, Marfin Aa, Montgomery Sp, ndi Al. Mliri wa Ma Virusi a Nile Kumadzulo ku United States, 2002. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2004; 4:61.