Njira imene chithandizo chachipatala chimaperekedwa nthawi zonse chimasintha, komabe zomwe mwakumana nazo ndi dokotala sizinasinthe kwambiri zaka 50 zapitazo. Taganizirani izi: Stethoscope yomwe idagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku ano inakhazikitsidwa mu 1816. Chikhomodzinso cha magazi chinapangidwa mu 1881. Ngakhale zolemba zachipatala (EMRs) , zomwe zinapangidwa mu 1972, zoposa zaka makumi anayi.
Pali zifukwa zochuluka zakuti kupita patsogolo kwa sayansi ndi njira zatsopano zopezera thanzi labwino zowonjezereka kuti zithetsedwe ndi akatswiri ambiri azachipatala amakono. Komabe, liwiro limene zatsopano zikuchitika masiku ano limatanthawuza njira zowonjezera zamakono zowonjezera msika wambiri mofulumira kuposa kale lonse, nthawi zina kupyolera alonda azinyumba. Pali chiyembekezo chatsopano kuti kupita patsogolo kwa zipangizo zamakono posachedwa kungalowe m'malo mwa zina zosafunikira za chithandizo chamankhwala. Sikuti zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimayambitsa chisokonezo-kuyankhulana kwathu ndi akatswiri a zaumoyo akusintha komanso, otero amatha kusintha njira zawo zothandizira.
Kotero ngakhale kuti ndizoona maofesi ambiri a zachipatala ali ndi zinthu zakale zam'mbuyo, zamakono zamakono ndi zamagetsi zam'chipatala akuyamba kuwonjezera chithandizo choyamba, komanso m'madera ena azachipatala. Pofuna kupanga chithandizo chaumoyo kuti chikhale chofikira, chokhazikika, ndi ndalama, zotsatiridwa zatsopano zikukambidwa zomwe zingatsutse njira zachikhalidwe zothandizira chithandizo chaumoyo.
Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito Zipangizo Zamakono Zosamalira Dziko Latsopano
Mu 1973, Dr. Lewis Thomas, pulezidenti wa Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center ku New York, analankhula. Iye adasiyanitsa "dziko lakale la chiyeso ndi zolakwika zowonongeka ndi nsomba" ndi dziko latsopano lofikira ku deta komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Dr. Thomas ankaganiza kuti izi zinali tsogolo la mankhwala.
Anakhulupirira kwambiri kuti pulogalamu yamakono yowonjezera idafunika kuti munda wa chithandizo chamankhwala ungapindule ndi njira yowonjezereka. Iye adawonanso kuti anthu ambiri nthawi zambiri ankada nkhawa ndi luso lamakono limene iwo ankaganiza kuti analibisala mu labata lachipatala.
Pafupifupi zaka 45 zapitazo, Tomasi adakambirana za momwe zasinthira pa zamankhwala ndipo adalimbikitsa zopanga zazikulu mu sayansi kuthetsa zina mwa zinsinsi zamankhwala za nthawi yake. Masiku ano, luso lamakono lingapereke njira zatsopano zatsopano zopezera mavuto omwe poyamba ankawoneka osatheka. Komabe, palinso ena omwe amakayikirabe ntchito ya umoyo wamagetsi pa mankhwala tsiku ndi tsiku. Ngakhale ochepa omwe anganene kuti mankhwala amakono amagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakono monga chida chothandizira, chisamaliro chomwe chiri maziko enieni mu teknoloji sichinakwaniritsidwebe.
Pali zizindikiro kuti izi zingasinthe posachedwa. Pali ziphuphu zambiri zachipatala zomwe zili ndi cholinga chofuna kugwedeza ubale umene unalipo pakati pa odwala ndi ogwira ntchito. Apa apainiya atsopano a zaumoyo cholinga chawo chobweretsa "dziko latsopano" la sayansi kwa wodwala aliyense pa mtengo wogula.
Kodi Zamakono Zimagwiritsidwa Ntchito Bwanji Pakalipano?
Chitsanzo chimodzi chotere ndi Pambali, kuyambika kwa Silicon Valley komwe kunakhazikitsidwa ndi injini yakale ya Google.
Kuti abweretse wodwala aliyense ndondomeko yaumwini, Kupititsa patsogolo kumaphatikizapo nzeru zamaganizo ndi dokotala wa munthu mkati mwayekha. Ofesi yawo ya dokotala imaphatikizapo kujambulira thupi komwe kumapereka mauthenga mwamsanga pazimene zimayendera thupi, kuyesa DNA kuchokera pamatumbo, ndi kuyesa magazi nthawi yeniyeni yomwe imapereka makasitomala uthenga wothandizira ochepera mu mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.
M'malo mwa kasitomala akulipira paulendo uliwonse, Pulogolo ali ndi malipiro ophatikizira, omwe amaphatikizapo 24/7 kupeza kwa akatswiri azaumoyo kudzera pulogalamu yawo ya m'manja. Amembala amakhalanso ndi chithandizo chamankhwala chokhazikika kupyolera mu kugwiritsa ntchito makina awo ophatikizira zamakono.
Makampani ngati Kupititsa patsogolo akusintha momwe timagwiritsidwira ntchito poyankhulana ndi ogwira ntchito zathu ndipo tikhoza kukulitsa njira yomwe tikuyang'ana panopa ya chithandizo chamankhwala.
Institute of Primary Care Innovation (CIPCI) ndi bungwe lina lomwe likukonzekera kukhazikitsa ofesi ya tsogolo. Chigwirizano pakati pa chipatala cha Saint Francis ndi Medical Center ndi University of Connecticut School of Medicine, sukuluyi yakhala ikugwira ntchito kuyambira 2010. Iwo akufuna kudziwa momwe angapititsire chithandizo cha wodwalayo powapatsa tepi yabwino ya thanzi komanso kupanga maofesi abwino. Zina mwa mfundo zawo zazikulu zimaphatikizapo kukulitsa chithandizo cha odwala, kugwiritsa ntchito telemedicine, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino zipangizo zodzikongoletsera ndikupanga zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito pa Intaneti.
Kwa odwala ambiri, zingakhale zachuma komanso zothandiza kuthetsa mikhalidwe yawo mwa kudzikonda komanso kutalikirana . Pofuna kusonyeza momwe angasamalire kuchokera kutali, CIPCI ikupereka zitsanzo za odwala akugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zopanda waya zomwe zimapereka mwachindunji kumabuku awo a zamagetsi . Mauthenga otetezeka a mauthenga ndi mavidiyo akugwiritsidwanso ntchito popititsa patsogolo kulumikizana ndi khalidwe la chisamaliro. CIPCI ikuyesera kupereka chisamaliro chapadera chomwe chikuposa kuchezera ofesi. Chiyembekezo chawo ndi kukhala kulikonse kumene wodwalayo akusowa. Akuwonetseranso momwe angathandizire mgwirizano ndi kuyankhulana pakati pa mamembala osiyanasiyana pogwiritsa ntchito makampani ogwirira ntchito kuti aphatikizidwe bwino. CIPCI ikugwiritsanso ntchito luso lamakono kuti igwiritse ntchito ntchito zina zomwe zimagwiritsira ntchito nthawi, monga kulembera mankhwala.
Zosintha Zomwe Titha Kuyembekezera M'chaka cha 2022
Ofesi yapamwamba ya udokotala yomwe yaperekedwa ndi Forward ndi CIPCI ikhoza kumveka ngati malingaliro a masomphenya. Komabe, machitidwe azaumoyo kuzungulira dziko lonse akudzidula okha chifukwa cha mawonekedwe opanda waya ndi ma technology. Nyuzipepala ya National Health Service (NHS) ya ku UK inafalitsa chikalata cholemba zina mwa kusintha kumene odwala angayembekezere kwa odwala pazaka zingapo zotsatira. Zipangizo zamakono ndi chisamaliro chakumidzi ndi zigawo zazikulu za dongosolo la NHS.
Telemedicine ndi maulendo a pa Intaneti adzakhala posachedwa, ndikuchotsa zokhumudwitsa za zipinda zodikira. Kusintha kwina kungakhale nthawi yomwe timathera ndi dokotala. Nthawi yochepa yomwe anthu amapereka kwa odwala masiku ano akudziwika kuti ndi osayenera, makamaka kwa odwala omwe ali ndi zovuta komanso zovuta zambiri. Malingana ndi maulosi ena, wotsogola zamtsogolo adzatha kupereka nthawi zowonjezereka komanso kuwonjezereka kwa anthu omwe angapange udindo kuti athetse mavuto athu mofulumira.
Pofika chaka cha 2022, odwala akhoza kuyembekezera kukhala ndi maimidwe awo ndi dokotala wawo ndipo amatha kupeza zolemba zawo zachipatala, mawonekedwe a zolembera, ndi malamulo komwe angapeze pa intaneti. Monga momwe zipangizo zamakono zimapitirizira kudziwitsa odwala bwino ndi kuwongolera kuthekera kwawo kuti aziyendetsa zochitika zawo, kutsindika pa kupanga zokambirana komweko kudzalimbikitsidwanso kuposa momwe kuliri tsopano. Komanso, ubwino wa mabungwe oyankhulana pa intaneti komanso magulu othandizira anzawo pa intaneti ndiwowonjezera nthawi. M'tsogolomu, chisamaliro chapadera chidzatha kuchoka ku ofesi ndikupita kunyumba zathu (kapena malo ena osankhidwa nawo) kudzera pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana za intaneti ndi zosankha zamagetsi.
Chipatala chotchedwa Clinical genetic ndilo gawo lina la sayansi lomwe likukula mofulumira. Zosiyana za ma genetic zoopsa zowonjezera zimakhala zosavuta kupezeka, ndipo zochitika zapadera zosamaliranso sizikhala ngati alonda. Kuyezetsa magazi kungagwiritse ntchito sampha kapena magazi kuti azindikire kuti matenda ena amayamba chifukwa cha matenda enaake. Izi zaonedwa kale kuti ndi njira yowonongeka ya mitundu ina ya khansara, kuphatikizapo mawere , ovary, colorectal, ndi kansa ya prostate.
Popeza kuyesedwa kwa majeremusi kumabweretsa mafunso angapo atsopano, udindo wamtsogolo wa dokotala uyenera kuwonjezera kuti ukhale ndi kutanthauzira kolondola kwa zotsatira, komanso kupereka chitsogozo cha odwala. Odwala ayenera kuzindikira zotsatira za zotsatira. Mwachitsanzo, ngati cholowa chimapezeka, dokotala akhoza kulangiza ngati ana kapena achibale ayenera kuyesedwa. Izi zikusonyeza kuti opaleshoni yapamwamba adzafunika kukonza chidziwitso chawo cha ma genetic.
Zamakono Zamakono M'manja mwa Odwala
Zipangizo zamakono ndi zipangizo zamakono zimene odwala angadzigwiritse ntchito panopo ndizofunika kwambiri pazochitika zamakono zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi. Mapulogalamu a mafoni ndi zovala zimatchulidwa kawirikawiri pokhudzana ndi chisamaliro cha mtsogolo. Pakalipano, mwatsoka mapulogalamu ambiri azaumoyo sakupezeka bwino kuti awonetsetse kuti akutsatira ndondomeko za chisamaliro chapamwamba. Brenda K. Wiederhold, mkonzi wamkulu wa Cyberpsychology, Behuvior & Social Networking , amanenanso kuti kufufuza kwakukulu kwa mapulogalamu azachipatala kumafunika kuonetsetsa kuti iwo akuchita bwino. Mayesero olamulidwa ndi random omwe amatha kusowa.
Mwachitsanzo, kafukufuku wa 2016 wasonyeza kuti pafupi 10 peresenti ya mapulogalamu omwe amatanthawuza kutumikira anthu omwe ali ndi maganizo ovutika maganizo athandizidwa ndi umboni wovomerezeka. Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, mapulojekiti oyesera a pulogalamu ayamba kale m'malo ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ku UK, NHS Digital ndi NICE akugwiritsira ntchito malamulo a pulogalamu yamtsogolo kuti apititse patsogolo mapindu a zoperekazi. Pamene lusoli lasankhidwa bwino, madokotala adzatha kugawa mapulogalamu othandizira odwala awo. Izi zidzakulitsa chitetezo ndi ubwino wa njira zoterezi zothandizira, komanso zimathandizira ku chipatala chawo komanso kuvomereza mosavuta.
Sayansi yowonongeka ikukhala gawo lalikulu la dongosolo lathu la chisamaliro, nayenso. Titha kuyembekezera kuti m'tsogolomu, adokotala adzatha kudalira zidziwitso za nthawi yeniyeni kuchokera ku zovala. Izi zingakhale ndi mbali yofunikira pa kasamalidwe ka thanzi, makamaka pochiza odwala omwe ali pachiopsezo. Deta yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa ndi zipangizo zodzikongoletsera zidzatha kuchenjeza wothandizira ngati pali zizindikiro zowonetsera za matenda ena.
Komabe, akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti kugwiritsa ntchito zovala kumayang'anizana ndi mavuto ambiri, kuphatikizapo odwala kutayika chidwi pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi mapulogalamu. Komanso, anthu ena samakhulupirira zamakono zamakono zamakono, zomwe zimasonyeza kuti zina zomwe zimafotokozedwa ndi Lewis Thomas mu 1973 zikulimbikira. Nthawi yambiri ndi malamulo abwino akufunika kuti ogulitsa akukhulupirire ndi kukhazikitsa zizolowezi zatsopano zamagetsi zamagetsi pakati pa ogwiritsa ntchito.
> Zotsatira:
> Huguet A, Rao S, Rozario S, et al. Kusanthula Mwatsatanetsatane wa Machitidwe Odzidzimutsa Okhazikitsa Maganizo ndi Mapulogalamu Othandizira Otsitsimula. Plos ONE . 2016; (5).
> College of General Practitioners. GP 2022. Masomphenya kuti azichita zambiri m'tsogolo muno. 2013.
> Thomas L. Commentary: Tsogolo labwino la Sayansi ndi Zamakono pa Zamankhwala. BioScience. 1974; 24 (2): 99-105.
> Wiederhold B. Zizolowezi Zaumoyo Zaumoyo Zambiri, koma Kafukufuku Wopereka Umboni Pafupifupi Palibe. Cyberpsychology, Makhalidwe & Social Networking . 2015; 18 (6): 309-310.