Zolemba Zachipangizo Zamagetsi
Mauthenga a zamagetsi a Ethernet (EHRs) ndi zolemba zachipatala (EMRs) ndizopindulitsa zamakono zamakono zamakono. Ngakhale kuti mau awiriwa, EHRs ndi EMRs, amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosasinthasintha, EHRs ikuwerengera mwatsatanetsatane ndipo amayesa kufalitsa deta zambiri kuposa EMRs. EHRs ili ndi mauthenga ochokera kwa madokotala onse omwe akukhudzidwa ndi chisamaliro cha wodwalayo ndipo akukonzekera mwakhama kuti agawane uthengawu.
Mauthenga apakompyuta akuwonjezereka kwambiri ku United States, m'malo mwa mapepala omwe nthawi zambiri amatha kusungidwa komanso osakhulupirika omwe alipobe muzipatala zambiri. Izi zikupangitsa kuti thanzi lathu likhale losatha komanso lopambana. Sizichipatala zokha zomwe zimasintha; maofesi a dokotala, chithandizo chosiyana chaumoyo ndi makampani a inshuwalansi akupanga kusinthana ndi kusunga deta. Chilengedwe chatsopano, chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi deta ndikugwirizanitsa ogwira ntchito zaumoyo ndikuwonjezera mwayi wa wodwalayo.
Zochitika zoopsa, monga ngozi, masoka achilengedwe ndi zigawenga, ndizowakumbutsa zofunikira kwambiri za kupezeka kwa deta. Ngati zolemba zachipatala zimapezeka nthawi yomweyo-mosasamala kanthu za mkhalidwe wa mderalo kapena wodwala-zotsatira za chithandizo zingawonjezere.
EHRs ndi EMRs ndizofunika kwambiri pazochitika za tsiku ndi tsiku zamankhwala. M'malo modalira wodwalayo kudzidzimbula mbiri yawo yachipatala, madokotala omwe amagwiritsa ntchito EHRs tsopano akusowa zodziwitsa zomwe adzidziwitsa (monga dzina ndi tsiku la kubadwa) kuti apeze mbiri yake yonse ya zamankhwala. Izi zimapangitsa kufufuza sikungowonjezereka kokha, komabe komanso kotetezeka.
Boma la US likulimbikitsa kulimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono pogwiritsa ntchito mapulogalamu othandizira. Ngati ogwira ntchito zachipatala angatsimikizire kuti akugwiritsa ntchito EHRs ndipo akugwirizana ndi malamulo omwe amadziwika kuti Ogwiritsira Ntchito Phindu, owapatsa amenewa ali ndi ufulu wokwanira kubweza ndalama zawo. Chiwerengero cha ogwira ntchito zachipatala pogwiritsa ntchito mauthenga a zaumoyo akupitirirabe kukula, kutitsimikizira kuti zenizeni zokhudzana ndi thanzi labwino likugwirizana kwambiri ndi zenizeni.
Ubwino wa EHRs
Zina mwa ubwino wa zolemba zogwiritsira ntchito zamankhwala ndizo:
- Zomwe zimasonkhanitsidwa ndi otsogolera otsogolera angathe kugawidwa ndi madera opatsirana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati munthu ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, kuyang'anira kupulumutsa kumeneku kumapitsidwanso ngakhale wodwalayo sakudziwa.
- Pali mbiri ya kuyesedwa kwachipatala posachedwa, kotero kubwereza kopanda pake kungapewe.
- Malangizo a chipatala, ndondomeko zowonongeka ndi malangizo otsatira amapezeka mosavuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusintha kusinthe kuchoka kumalo ena kupita kosavuta.
- Ogwiritsa ntchito angalowetse ku zolembera zawo ndikupeza zambiri za mankhwala awo.
Ntchito za EMR / EHR Systems
EHRs muli ndi mfundo zoyamba monga dzina lanu, nambala yothandizira, mbiri yachipatala, zokhudzana ndi mankhwala ndi chifuwa, zokhudzana ndi nkhani zachipatala zamakono, zotsatira za mayesero ndi ndondomeko za chitukuko, komanso zolemba zachuma ndi zachuma. Zolemba za Digital zimabweretsa zonse zomwe mukudziwa pamodzi ndikulola odziwa zaumoyo osiyanasiyana kuti agawane ndi kusinthanitsa mfundoyi. Mwachitsanzo, dokotala wanu amatha kuwerenga chidule chanu chachipatala, mauthenga ochokera kwa akatswiri ndi zotsatira zaposachedwapa za mayeso mwa kungofika pa EHR yanu pa intaneti.
M'nthaŵi zamakono zamakono, EHRs iyenera kuphatikizapo ntchito zinayi : makina opanga makompyuta, kuitanitsa kayendedwe ka magetsi, kulengeza za zotsatira za mayesero ndi kusunga ndondomeko ya madokotala. Komabe, nkofunika kudziwa kuti ma EHR ambiri samagawana nthawi zonse. Kukhazikika ndi kugwirizanitsa kwazindikiridwa monga momwe zilili panopa, ndipo ntchito yowonjezereka ikufunika kuti pakhale njira yothandizira zaumoyo yabwino . Mchitidwe wogwirizanitsa wa dziko lonse, womwe umagwirizanitsa ntchito, wakhala ukuvomerezeka kwambiri, womwe umatulutsa zochitika zazikulu zomwe anthu ogwira ntchito limodzi ndi omwe akugwira ntchito pawokha akufuna kukwaniritsa.
Ntchitoyi ikuphatikizapo kukonza miyezo yowonjezereka, kusuntha ndi kukhazikitsa ndondomeko ya malipiro, kulimbikitsa ndondomeko ndi ntchito zamalonda, ndikutsutsana payekha ndi miyezo ya chitetezo. Mapu amtundu wamakono akuonedwa kuti ndiwamoyo, ndipo matembenuzidwe atsopano amapangidwa kuchokera muzochitikira ndi ndemanga.
Kupeza Matenda ndi Mauthenga Aumoyo Waumoyo (PHR)
Ambiri ogwira ntchito zaumoyo tsopano amapereka zipangizo zamagetsi. Zida zimenezi zimatilola kupeza deta yathu yaumoyo ndikukhala nawo pazinthu zathu zolembera. Izi zimatithandizira kuthetsa mipata kapena zolakwika zilizonse zomwe zingawoneke m'mabuku athu. Tikamayesetsa kugwira nawo ntchito, kugawidwa kwazambiri kumakhala kosavuta, kumatipanga ife olingana nawo mu ndondomeko ya chisamaliro.
Maofesi oleza mtima akuthandiza kwambiri kuti tipeze chithandizo chamankhwala. Kupititsa patsogolo kwamakono mu umoyo wa digito kumapereka odwala kupeza ma EHRs ndikutsogolera mbali zosiyanasiyana za kasamalidwe kaumoyo waumwini, kuphatikizapo kukonzekera kusankhidwa, kupempha mankhwala akutsitsimutsa ndikukwaniritsa kulondola kwa zolemba zachipatala.
Zolemba zaumoyo zaumwini kapena zolembera zachipatala (PMR) zimasiyana ndi EHR mpaka momwe mungathe kuzilamulira (osati kukhala wodwala wothandizira). Zilipo kwa inu ndipo zimatha kusungidwa m'njira zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kutulutsidwa ku kompyuta yanu yovuta kapena yosungidwa mumtambo.
Ntchito Yabwino
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwakhama ndi malamulo ndi zolinga zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti EHRs ikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira yowonjezera yomwe imathandiza mizati isanu ya thanzi. Kutsogoleredwa ndi Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical (HITECH) Act, Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachindunji kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zothandizira kuti ukhale ndi thanzi labwino, kuchepetsa kusiyana kwa thanzi, kugawana odwala (ndi mabanja awo), kulumikizana ndi chithandizo chamankhwala, chitetezo cha uthenga wodwala. Cholinga cha kugwiritsira ntchito moyenera ndikuthandiza anthu kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kuonjezera kuwonetseredwa, kuwapatsa mphamvu odwala komanso kupereka deta yolondola yowonjezera.
Kusintha kwa Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwachindunji kunakonzedwa ngati ndondomeko, ndi magawo atatu akuluakulu omwe akuwonekera pazaka zisanu. Malamulo a Gawo 3 - Gawo lomalizira lomwe limalimbikitsa kusintha zaumoyo - adatulutsidwa mu October 2015 ndi Centers for Medicare ndi Medicaid Services (CMS) ndi Ofesi ya National Coordinator for Health IT (ONC). Ngati ogwira ntchito zaumoyo angakwaniritse mndandanda wa zolinga zogwiritsira ntchito, amalandira kubwezera.
Kusamalila kwachipatala
Mankhwala othandizira chisankho (CDSS) ndi mawonekedwe a mapulogalamu omwe anali ena mwa mapulogalamu oyambirira a chithandizo chamagetsi. Ndi mapulogalamu othandizira omwe amathandiza madokotala ndi akatswiri ena azaumoyo kupanga zofuna zokhudzana ndi zachipatala komanso kusintha zotsatira za mankhwala.
Machitidwewa angakhale ngati zikukumbutso, machitidwe owonetsetsa, machitidwe a mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zipangizo zothandizira matenda, komanso akhoza kuphatikizidwa ku EHRs. Malingaliro oleza mtima akuphatikizidwa ndi malangizo ozikidwa pa umboni kuti apereke wodwalayo malingaliro abwino ndi chithandizo. EHRs ikhoza kugwirizanitsa mitundu yambiri ya chidziwitso ndikupanga njira zowonetsera kuti zithandize chithandizo. Mwachidziwitso cha shuga, mwachitsanzo, EHRs kuphatikizapo njira zamakono zowonetsera kuti ndizoposa mapulogalamu ovomerezeka a makompyuta pakumasulira uthenga wodwala ndi kusamalira. Zithunzi za CDSS zimadalira pa deta kuchokera ku magulu owonetsera moyo ndikugwirizanitsa zinthu zosiyana siyana. Izi zimawapangitsa kukhala chida chodziwiratu chotheka.
CDSS ikhoza kukhala yothandiza kwambiri pa chisamaliro chapadera, kumene madokotala omwe sali odziwika pa madokotala onse amakumana ndi odwala omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zosiyana zomwe zimafuna kuti pakhale njira zowonongeka komanso zoyang'anira. Ma CDSS odziwa za matendawa amaphimba madera osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo matenda a m'maganizo, matenda a mtima ndi matumbo.
Ubwino ndi Kutetezedwa kwa Chiwerengero cha Zolemba Zachiwerengero
Pali ndondomeko zambiri ndi ndondomeko zomwe zilipo poonetsetsa kutetezedwa kwa deta yosungidwa pakompyuta. Chikhalidwe cha chinsinsi ndi chitetezo chimathandizidwa ndikuyamikiridwa, ndipo kusungika kwachinsinsi ndiko kofunika kwambiri pamalo omwe zipangizo zamakono zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Bungwe la Health Insurance Portability Accountability Act (HIPAA) linaperekedwa mu 1996 kuti liziteteze zolemba ndi odwala. Limatanthawuza momwe, ndipo ndi ndani, zomwe odwala angapatsane nawo.
Komabe, pakhala pali kuchuluka kwa zipangizo zamagetsi zamagetsi ndi matekinoloje omwe amasonkhanitsa deta yaumoyo kuyambira pamene HIPPA idapitsidwira (mwachitsanzo, zovala), choncho ambiri salamuliridwa ndi lamuloli. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisinthidwe komanso kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuyenera kukhala ndi chidwi komanso chitetezo chathu.
Tili ndi chidwi choonetsetsa kuti zolemba zathu zachipatala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, komanso zimasungidwa ndikugawa bwino. Mofananamo ndi malipoti athu a ngongole, ndi kwanzeru kuyang'anitsitsa chidziwitso chathu chachipatala cha kulondola ndi zifukwa zomveka. HIPAA imatanthawuza kuti kupeza ndi kupeza chidziwitso chathu cha umoyo pa zolinga zathu ndizolondola, osati mwayi. Izi zikuphatikizapo kupeza mauthenga apakompyuta a zokhudzana ndi umoyo wathu omwe ali mu rekodi iliyonse ya zamagetsi.