Kudziwa zofunikira za ma genetics kungakuthandizeni kumvetsa mavuto a chibadwa
Madera a sayansi amadziwa za majeremusi akuwonjezeka tsiku ndi tsiku, kupanga zovuta zachipatala ndi chithandizo tsiku lililonse. Ngati inu kapena munthu wina amene mumamukonda amapezeka kuti ali ndi matenda a chibadwa, mwina mukuvutika kuti mukhale ndi mawu onsewa. Nazi zina mwazofala ndi zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa.
Kodi DNA N'chiyani?
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) imanyamula chidziwitso cha majini mumaselo a thupi lanu. DNA imapangidwa ndi mankhwala anayi ofanana-adenine, thymine, cytosine, ndi guanine-zomwe zimatchedwa zida ndi zofupikitsidwa monga A, T, C, ndi G. Zomwezi zimabwereza mobwerezabwereza palimodzi kupanga DNA yanu.
Gene Ndi Chiyani?
Gini ndi gawo lapadera la DNA yanu. Zachibadwa zimakhala zolembedwera zopangira thupi lanu lonse, makamaka mapuloteni. Muli ndi majini pafupifupi 25,000. Ochita kafukufuku sanazindikire kuti majini athu ambiri amachitiranji, komabe, majini athu akhoza kukhala ndi matenda monga cystic fibrosis kapena matenda a Huntington.
Mapuloteni: Zomangamanga Zathu
Mapuloteni ndi mitsempha yamakina amino acid. Puloteni ikhoza kukhala ndi amino acid pang'ono chabe mu unyolo wake kapena ikhoza kukhala ndi zikwi zingapo. Mapuloteni amapanga maziko a zomwe thupi lanu limachita monga chimbudzi, kupanga mphamvu, ndi kukula.
Zowona za Chromosomes
Matendawa amatengedwa m'zinthu zotchedwa chromosomes. Anthu ali ndi magulu awiri a ma chromosomes, omwe amachititsa 46 ma chromosomes. Pa awiriwa, awiri, x ndi y chromosome, amadziwika ngati ndinu wamwamuna kapena wamkazi, komanso zizindikiro zina za thupi. Amuna ali ndi ma chromosomes a XX pamene amuna ali ndi awiri a XY chromosomes.
Mawiri ena awiriwa ndi ma chromosome autosomal, omwe amadzipangira thupi lanu lonse.
Human Genome?
Mankhwala a munthu ndi buku lathunthu la malangizo a jini. Human Genome Project, yomwe inamalizidwa mu 2003, inafotokozera mitundu yonse ya majeremusi ya DNA mu DNA ndikusunga zomwe zili m'mabuku kotero ofufuza onse kulikonse angagwiritse ntchito.
Kumvetsetsa kusintha
Ndondomeko ya awiriwa, As, Ts, C, ndi Gs ndi ofunika kwambiri mu DNA yanu. Nthawi zina pamakhala kulakwitsa-mmodzi wa awiriwa amasintha, ataya, kapena kubwerezedwa. Izi zimasintha kulembedwa kwa chiwerengero chimodzi kapena zina zambiri ndipo zimatchedwa kuti genetic mutation. Zosintha zina ndizosavulaza, pomwe kusintha kwina kungayambitse matenda kapena kutsogolera mimba yopanda chinyezi.
Njira ina imene DNA yanu ingasinthire ndi zolakwika m'ma chromosomes anu. Mbali ya chromosome ikhoza kutha, kusinthana ndi mbali ina ya chromosome, kapena kusinthana mkati mwa chromosome yomweyo. Ngati zina mwa izi kapena zolakwitsa zina zimachitika ndiye kusintha, komwe kumatchedwanso kusintha kwa thupi, kumachitika mu kulembedwa kwa majini anu. Mukhozanso kukhala ndi ma chromosome atatu, otchedwa trisomy, kapena chromosome imodzi yokha, mmalo mwa awiriwo. Matenda otchedwa Down syndrome, omwe amatchedwanso trisomy 21, amapezeka pamene pali makromosome atatu atatu.
Zotsatira
- > Burton, Jess, ndi Jon Turney. Malangizo Okhwima kwa Genesis ndi Cloning . London: Rough Guide Ltd, 2007.
- > "Kodi Gene Ndi Chiyani?" Kumvetsa Genetics. The Tech Museum of Innovation. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "Mmene Matenda Achibadwa Amachokera." Howard Hughes Medical Institute. 21 Jan 2008.
- > "Zowona Ndi Zoposa." Phunzirani.Magulu. Yunivesite ya Utah. 21 Jan 2008.