Inshuwalansi yolemala yaying'ono imalipira malipiro anu pokhapokha mutakhala olemala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti simungathe kugwira ntchito kwa kanthaŵi kochepa chifukwa cha matenda kapena zovulaza zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi ntchito yanu (chithandizo cholipira antchito chimapereka ndalama m'malo ngati vuto likulepheretsa chifukwa chovulazidwa ndi ntchito). Kawirikawiri, ndondomeko yolemala yafupipafupi imakupatsani 40 mpaka 80 peresenti ya malipiro anu osadalirika.
Anthu ena ali ndi inshuwalansi yolemala yaying'ono kupyolera mwa abwana , mgwirizano, kapena gulu lina la akatswiri. Mtundu uwu wa ndondomeko umadziwika ngati kutenga gulu. Mukhozanso kugula ndondomeko yaumwini mwachindunji kuchokera ku kampani ya inshuwaransi kapena wothandizira, ngakhale kuti nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula kwambiri kugula kuunikira nokha.
Kodi Inshuwalansi Yokhazikika Kwanthaŵi yayitali Imagwira Ntchito Bwanji?
Mapulogalamu ambiri olemala omwe ali ndi nthawi yochepa ali ndi zofanana. Inu, kapena abwana anu, mupereke malipiro a mwezi uliwonse kuti muphimbidwe. Pamene matenda kapena chovulala zimakulepheretsani kugwira ntchito, mumapempha kuti mupindule mwa kulankhula ndi munthu wina mu dipatimenti ya anthu anu kapena wothandizira inshuwalansi. Mukhoza kapena simukuyenera kulipira misonkho pa ndalama zomwe mumapeza kuchokera ku ndondomeko yalemala, malingana ndi momwe ndalama zowonjezeredwazo zinaperekedwa ndi inu kapena abwana anu, komanso ngati analipira ndi ndalama zisanapereke msonkho kapena msonkho.
Ndondomeko zambiri zochepa zolemala zimafuna umboni kuchokera kwa dokotala wanu zomwe zimafotokoza mkhalidwe wanu ndi kulingalira kuti mutha kuchoka kuntchito yanu kufikira liti.
Mwinamwake, padzakhala nthawi yodikira pakati pa tsiku limene mumachoka ntchito komanso tsiku limene mukuyenerera kulandira phindu, ngakhale kuti ndondomeko zochepa zolemala zimangokwera mkati mwa masabata awiri.
Wobwana wanu angafune kuti mugwiritse ntchito masiku ena kapena odwala anu musanayambe kulipira.
Nthawi yodikirira itatha, nthawi zambiri mumalandira malipiro a malipiro omwe munalandira musanakhale olumala.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mutapatsidwa madola 1,000 pa sabata, ndipo ndondomeko yanu imapereka 60% ya malipiro olemala, mukhoza kupeza madola 600 pa sabata. Ndondomeko zam'nthawi yayitali zimapindula kwambiri kwa miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi, ngakhale kuti ena angapereke chithandizo kwa chaka chimodzi kapena kuposerapo (phindu lidzatha pamene kulema kumatha, ngati izi zitachitika mwamsanga kusiyana ndi tsiku lomwe lamuloli likanaleka kubwezapo). Ngati simungathe kugwira ntchito pamene kulemala kwanu kwafupipafupi kutha, mukhoza kulandira zothandizira panthaŵi yaitali ngati muli ndi ndondomeko yalemale, kapena mungagwiritse ntchito Inshuwalansi Yopumitsa Bungwe la Social Security Disability, malinga ndi zochitika.
Mimba ndi kutuluka kwa amayi otha msinkhu ndizofala kwambiri pazinthu zokhudzana ndi ulema. Malamulo a Family Leave Medical (FMLA) amalola milungu 12 yobwereka kulipira, koma inshuwalansi yochepa ya inshuwalansi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti mayi watsopano alandire gawo limodzi la malipiro ake ochepa panthawi yake yochepa.
Pansi pa Ntchito Yodalirika Yopereka Ntchito, olemba ntchito ambiri amafunika kupereka inshuwalansi kwa antchito a nthawi zonse, ndipo nthawi zonse imatanthauzidwa ngati "maola angapo" kapena "maola ambiri" pa sabata.
Mu 2015, IRS inafotokoza nthawi yomwe wogwira ntchito amalandira zopindulitsa (nthawi yayitali kapena yaitali) imatengedwa kuti "maola a utumiki" zomwe zikutanthauza kuti abwana ayenera kupitiriza kupereka zopindulitsa za inshuwalansi malinga ngati wogwira ntchitoyo ali amalingaliridwa kuti ndi wogwira ntchito mwakhama (onani kuti ACA safuna olemba ntchito kuti apereke inshuwalansi yamtundu uliwonse, koma ngati atero, ndipo ngati wogwira ntchito akulandira ubwino wolumala, maola amenewo akuwerengabe ngati maola angapo).
Kodi Inshuwalansi Yalemale Yaitali Ndi Yotani?
Inshuwalansi yalemale yayimiliranso kuti idzalowe m'malo mwa ndalama zanu pamene ulemale ukulepheretsani kugwira ntchito, koma idzapindula kwa nthawi yayitali kuposa ndondomeko yolemala yaifupi.
Kupeza chithandizo kwa nthawi yaitali nthawi zambiri sikuyamba kulipira phindu mpaka mutatha kugwira ntchito mwezi umodzi, ndipo nthawi zina kwa chaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri. Komano pokhapokha phindu liyamba, limapitiliza zaka. Malinga ndi ndondomekoyi, iwo angapitirizebe mpaka mutatha zaka zopuma pantchito.
Antchito ambiri ali ndi inshuwalansi yochepa ya nthawi yayitali komanso yanthawi yaitali, chifukwa zinthu ziwirizi zimagwira ntchito poonetsetsa kuti wogwira ntchitoyo ali ndi mwayi wopeza ndalama zambiri.
Chitsanzo cha ndondomeko yowonjezereka chikhoza kukhala ndondomeko yochepa yolemala ndi nthawi yodikira kwa milungu iwiri, yomwe idzalowetsapo 70 peresenti ya malipiro a ogwira ntchito kwa miyezi itatu, kuphatikizapo ndondomeko yalemale yomwe ili ndi miyezi itatu yodikira ndipo amalowetsa 60 peresenti ya ndalama za wogwira ntchito kwa zaka khumi (kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe ndondomeko yalemale yalemale idzapindula yosiyanasiyana kuchokera pa ndondomeko ina, koma imayeza zaka, osati masabata kapena miyezi).
Kupeza chithandizo chalemala kwa nthawi yayitali ndi mtengo wapatali kusiyana ndi kulumikizidwa kwafupipafupi kwa nthawi yayitali, popeza kulipira kulipira kwakukulu, kupatula kutalika kwa nthawi imene munthu angalandire phindu.
Mmene Makhalidwe Olemala Amatha Nthawi Zochepa
Ngakhale kuti ndondomeko zambiri zochepa zolemala zili ndi zofanana, aliyense akhoza kukhala ndi zosiyana.
Tanthauzo la Kulemala: Ndondomeko zina zochepa zolemala zimalongosola kulemala ngati kusakhoza kugwira ntchito pawekha. Izi zimadziwika kuti "ntchito yake" kutanthauzira kwa ulemala. Malamulo ena amatanthauzira kulemala ngati osakhoza kugwira ntchito iliyonse, yotchedwa "ntchito iliyonse".
Utumiki Wadikirira: Olemba ena angopereka ndondomeko yochepa yolemala atatha kuwagwira ntchito kwa nthawi, monga miyezi isanu ndi umodzi kapena chaka chimodzi.
Panthawi ya Kudikira: Izi zimatchulidwanso nthawi yochotsa nthawi, ndipo ndi nthawi yomwe iwe umadwala kapena kuvulazidwa, komanso ngati inshuwalansi yako ikuyamba. Mapulani afupipafupi afupipafupi amakhala ndi nthawi yodikira masiku 0 mpaka 14. Kawirikawiri, malamulo omwe ali ndi nthawi yaitali kuyembekezera amakhala ndi malipiro apansi. Mapulani ambiri a nthawi yolemala ali ndi nthawi zodikira zosiyana za mitundu yolemala. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko ikhoza kukhala ndi nthawi zisanu ndi ziwiri kuyembekezera matenda komanso nthawi yodikira ya ngozi yomwe inachitika kunja kwa ntchito.
Pindulani Phindu: Mapindu amtengo wapatali amasiyana, koma ambiri amakhala pakati pa 40 peresenti ndi 80 peresenti ya mapindu anu olemala. Ngati mukufuna ndalama zapamwamba, mungafunikire kulipiritsa ndalama zambiri. Malamulo ena olemala amalephera kusintha phindu panthawi yopindula. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko yanu ikhoza kulipira 80% kwa milungu itatu yoyamba yolemala ndiyeno 50% pa nthawi yotsala yanu.
Pindulani Panthawi: Mapulogalamu afupipafupi afupipafupi amayenera kubwezeretsa gawo lanu la ndalama pamene simungathe kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yochepa, kawirikawiri miyezi itatu kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Malamulo ena olemala olemala adzapitiliza kubwezera phindu kwa zaka ziwiri, koma izi sizodziwika bwino (onani kuti chithandizo cha nthawi yaitali cholemala, chomwe chafotokozedwa pamwambapa, ndi ndondomeko yosiyana yomwe idzapereka malipiro ambiri zaka kapena ngakhale mpaka zaka 65 pansi pa mapulani ena; inshuwalansi yalemale yayitali ndi yodula kwambiri kuposa inshuwalansi yolemala yayitali). Ndondomeko yanu yaifupi yolemala ikhoza kukulolani kubwerera kuntchito pamayesero. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko yanu ingakupatseni nthawi yoyesera sabata iwiri. Ngati mubwereranso kukagwira ntchito osachepera masabata awiri ndikupeza kuti simungathe kugwira ntchito yanu chifukwa cha kulemala kwanu, lamuloli lingakuthandizeni kuti mupitilizebe ntchito zanu ngati simunabwerere kuntchito.
Kusintha kwa kuonjezera kwanu: Ngati mutayina ndondomeko ya "yosavomerezeka" yokhudzana ndi kulemala, kampani ya inshuwalansi sangasinthe ndalama zanu zopindulitsa kapena zopindulitsa. Komabe, ngati mulembela "ndondomeko yotsimikizirika", kampani ya inshuwalansi imaloledwa kusintha ndalama zanu, koma ngati zikusintha kwa gulu lonse la eni akewo. Kuwunika kwakukulu kumabwera ndi mapulani onse omwe sali ovomerezeka komanso otsimikiziridwa, koma mapulaniwa amakhalanso ndi apamwamba.
Zosakwanira: Ndondomeko zambiri sizikuphimba kulemala chifukwa cha kuyesayesa kudzipha, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo, nkhondo, kapena kuyesera kuchita cholakwa. Zinthu zomwe zakhalapo kale zimakhalanso zosawerengeka. Kuvulala kwa ntchito, komwe kumaperekedwa ndi inshuwalansi ya antchito inshuwalansi mmalo mwake, sikunakumbidwe.
Mmene Mungapezere Inshuwalansi Yopumitsa Kwanthawi yayitali
Kulembetsa Gawo la Gulu
Bwana wanu angapereke ndondomeko yochepa yolemala monga mwayi wopindulitsa ntchito. Ngati kampani yanu imapereka inshuwalansi yolemala yaying'ono, mukhoza kulembera ndondomekoyi pa nthawi yanu yoyamba yolembetsa (pamene mukuyamba kulandira phindu), kapena pa nthawi yolembera chaka chonse cha abwana anu.
Mwina mungafunikire kukhala ndi chithunzi pansi pa ndondomekoyi kwa nthawi inayake chisanafike chikhalidwe chisanayambe chikudziwika (chodziwika ngati nthawi yopatula). ACA inathetsa kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yomwe idalipo kale kuyembekezera nthawi ndi kuyembekezera kwa inshuwalansi ya umoyo, koma sizinasinthe malamulo othandizira inshuwalansi yaumphawi. Tsatanetsatane wokhudzana ndi momwe zinthu zilili kale zomwe zidzakwaniritsidwe zidzakhala mu inshuwalansi yochepa ya inshuwalansi imene abwana anu amapereka, kotero onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga bwino.
Malamulo okhudza inshuwalansi yolemala yochepa amasiyana kuchokera ku boma kupita ku boma. Ngati mukuganiza kuti kampani yanu kapena inshuwalansi sakukuchitireni zabwino, yang'anani ndi dipatimenti ya inshuwalansi ya boma lanu. Mukhoza kupeza dipatimenti ya inshuwalansi ya boma lanu kudzera pa webusaiti ya National Association of Insurance Commissioners.
Kulembetsa Pulogalamu Yokha
Ngati muli ogwira ntchito kapena mukugwira ntchito kwa abwana omwe sapereka inshuwalansi yanthaŵi yochepa, mukhoza kuganizira kugula ndondomeko yaumwini. Mudzafunika kukalembera chithandizo chamankhwala kuti mupeze ndondomeko yaumphawi yochepa (kachiwiri, ACA sinasinthe kanthu pa izi; inshuwalansi ya umoyo imatsimikiziridwa ngati palibe mbiri yachipatala, koma inshuwalansi yolemala siyi). Mukamagula zofuna zanu, yang'anani kampani yodalirika ndipo onetsetsani kuti mukuwerenga zonse za ndondomeko yanu.
Mukhoza kupeza ziwerengero za ogulitsa inshuwalansi pa intaneti:
- Moody's
- AM Best
> Zotsatira:
> Zopindulitsa zaumphawi 101.
> Mapulogalamu a Pakati pa Mapepala, Zindikirani 2015-87 Zindikirani 2015-87.
> United States Dipatimenti Yachigwirizano, FMLA (Kuchokera Kwachipatala).